阅读理解材料.docx
- 文档编号:25568693
- 上传时间:2023-06-09
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:26
- 大小:33.55KB
阅读理解材料.docx
《阅读理解材料.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《阅读理解材料.docx(26页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
阅读理解材料
ReadingComprehension
I.Practices
PassageOne
IntheUnitedStatesthewaypeoplespendtheirleisuretimeisanimportantpartoftheiridentity.Perhapseverybodydoesnearlythesamethingalldayintheofficeorthefactory,butleisuretimeiswhatmakespeopledistinctandrevealswhotheyare.Somepeoplelikerockmusic,forexample,andothersmaylikejazzorclassicalmusic.Somepeoplearerunnersorswimmers,andothersare“couch(睡椅)potatoes”who“surf”thetelevisionchannelswitharemotecontrol.Somegotomuseumswhileothersspendlonghoursatashoppingcentre.Thesekindsofchoicesarewaysthatpeopledefinethemselves.
Ithasn’talwaysbeenthisway.“Leisuretime”wasalmostunknownintheUnitedStatesintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies.Whenmostpeopleworkedonfarms,theworkdaywasfromsunrisetosunseteverydayexceptSunday,whichwasdevotedtochurch.Later,withtheriseoffactoriesandcitypopulations,peopleworkedequallylonghoursandhadonlySundayforrest.Somepeopledidmoreofthethingsthanthattheydonow—attendconcerts,haveparties,gotorestaurants,readnovels,orplaysports—buttoamuchlesserextent.
Slowly,throughoutthetwentiethcentury,leisuretimegrew.Technologymadefarmworklessburdensome,andchangesinlawsshortenedthefactoryworkdayandweek.Newinventionssuchasthephonograph(留声机)andtheradiogavepeopleaccesstomusicandmassentertainmentonascaleunknownbefore.Peoplegraduallybecameconsumersofentertainment,andbusinessescompetedfiercelyfortheirdollars.
Formanypeopleleisuretimemeansgoingsomewhere—toamuseum,toaconcert,toarestaurant,ortoabaseballgame,forexample.Oritmeansdoingsomethingsuchasplayingvolleyball,backpacking,swimming,biking,orplayinginaparkwiththeirchildren.Forotherpeoplefreetimemeansstayinghomewithwonderfulsourcesofentertainment,suchasaVCR,stereo(立体声系统),orcableTVwithdozensofchannels.Otherspursuecreativeactivitiessuchascooking,gardening,andhomeimprovement.Thelateststay-at-homeactivityis“surfingthenet”—thatislookingforinformationandentertainmentontheInternet.
PeopleintheUnitedStatesarebasicallynotmuchdifferentfromothersinwhattheydointheirleisuretime.Therealdifferencemaylieintheenergy,time,money,andsheerenthusiasmthattheydevotetoit.
21.“Couchpotatoes”inparagraph1referstothosewho.
A.controltheirviewingofTVprograms
B.arehappywatchingsituationcomedies
C.watchTVwhileeatingpotatochips
D.arecrazyaboutwatchingTVprograms
Note:
本题考核词义推断能力(考核要点5)。
常用的题干有:
1)Theword“handle”inthethirdparagraph(orinline10)canbereplacedby_________.
2)Thephrase“concernedabout”issimilarinmeaningto__________.
3)“Familyplanningprograms”means________.
4)Theword“they”refersto_________.
…
22.Accordingtothepassage,intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,someAmericans.
A.workedfromsunrisetosunsetsevendaysaweek
B.preferredworkinginfactoriestoworkingonfarms
C.hadmanyoftheleisuretimeactivitiesthatpeoplenowhave
D.foughtforshorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime
23.Apartfromtechnology,thegrowingleisuretimethroughoutthetwentiethcenturyisalsodueto.
A.changesinlawsB.massentertainment
C.newtypesofconsumptionD.competitivebusinesses
24.Intermsofleisuretimeactivities,peopleintheUnitedStates.
A.enjoyalargervarietythanpeopleinothercountries
B.arenotmuchdifferentfrompeopleinothercountries
C.enjoymorestay-at-homeactivitiessuchas“surfingthenet”
D.arelessenergeticandenthusiasticthanothers
PassageTwo
Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPINs(personalidentificationnumbers)jealouslyguardaccesstonumerousregularoperations.Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!
Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?
Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind.First,don’tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily,eveninmodifiedform.Alsoavoiduseofyourtelephonenumber,yourSocialSecuritynumber,oryouraddress.Suchinformationcaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker(黑客).
Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly.Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.
So,whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?
Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper-andlower-caseletters,digits,andpunctuation(标点)symbols.Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?
Onesourcesaysthat“amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire,ontheaverage,overonehundredyears.”
Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?
Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.Forexample,“tobeornottobe”couldbecome“2B/not2B”.
Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter,suchas“High.?
Bug”or“Song;Tree”.
Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportantinformationfromunwantedhackers.Remember,too,theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly.Justafinalcomment:
Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.
25.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword.
B.Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember.
C.Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked.
D.Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword.
Note:
中心思想题。
常用的几种问题方式:
1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
Thepassageismainlyabout______.
2)Themaintopicofthepassageishowto________.
3)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
4)Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.
5)Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?
6)Thegeneraltopicofthepassageis_________.
26.Whyshouldn’tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?
A.Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker.
B.Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit.
C.Becausecomputerhackersaredeterminedtocrackit.
D.Becausethelistsaresohugethatthewordsarenoteasytoremember.
27.Ifyouarechoosingapasswordforyourcomputer,whichofthefollowingisthebestchoice?
A.iaHgnahs
B.I9730508
C.2B/not2B
D.Re-B,pl2
28.Howcanyouchooseapasswordthatisbothsecureandsimpletoremember?
A.Takingthetitleofyourfavoritebookorfilm.
B.Takingalinefromasongorpoemyoulikebest.
C.Makingupanonsensicalwordwhichcannotbefoundinanydictionary.
D.Usingtwoshortwordslinkedwithapunctuationcharacter.
II.阅读题型解析
考核要点:
①理解主旨要义;
②理解文中的具体信息;
③理解文中的概念性含义;
④进行有关的判断、推理和引申;
⑤根据上下文推测生词的词义;
⑥理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系;
⑦理解作者的意图、观点或态度;
⑧区分论点和论据。
考核题型:
推理题、例证题、词汇题、句子理解题、指代题、主旨题、态度题。
(一)推理题
推理题常常考查考生:
④进行有关的判断、推理和引申;⑦理解作者的意图、观点或态度等。
逻辑词常用的有:
“infer,imply,suggest,conclude”等。
(二)例证题
例证题要求考生:
⑧区分论点和论据;⑥理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系。
主要是考查考生通过段落、句子来推测文章的主旨、支持的观点等。
标记词有:
“example,illustrate,case,exemplify,illustration”等。
(三)词汇题
词汇题主要测试考生⑤根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。
标志是Theword“…”inline…refersto…
(四)句子理解题
句子理解题要求考生:
②理解文中的具体信息;③理解文中的概念性含义。
(五)指代题
指代题主要考查考生整体理解文章的能力,并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。
(六)主旨题
主旨题要求考生:
①理解主旨要义。
主要测试考生对短文整体理解概括的能力。
一般是第一或最后一个题。
标志词有:
“mainlyabout;mainlydiscuss;besttitle;digest”等。
(七)态度题
态度观点题主要考查考生:
⑦理解作者的意图,观点或态度的能力.标志词:
attitude,purpose等。
III.阅读技巧
一、小心绝对的词语
1.极大的关注副词在决定语气中的作用。
体现绝对语气的副词如“all,always,too,no,notatall,only,absolutely,extremely,totally,forever,”等等决定了这句话的绝对、不客观的语气。
一定不会是答案(除非原文中有此句话)。
2.体现绝对偏执意味的代词。
如“nobody,noone,everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,anywhere,everywhere,all,most,none,everything”等等决定了这句话的绝对、不客观的语气。
一定不会是答案(除非原文中有此句话)。
3.体现绝对偏执意味的形容词,一般最要关注的是最高级,比如“themost,thebest”;有些形容词本身就有唯一的含义“ideal,super,absolute,every,all”决定了这句话的绝对、不客观的语气。
一定不会是答案(除非原文中有此句话)。
1,2,3例如:
2002,37题。
WhatmadethestudentsofOxfordshirewintheircase?
A.Noneofthemgainedjobsafewyearsaftergraduation.
B.Thestudentsfailedtogettheirqualifications.
C.Theydidn’tgetwhattheyhadbeenpromised.
D.Theywereoverchargedbythecollegetheyattended.
2003,37题。
Accordingtothepassage,Italians.
A.onlysingsongsinHollywoodB.arenolongerfondofmusic
C.onlysinganddanceinvillagesD.don’tsingmuchnowadays
2003,42题。
Inthispassage,theauthormainlytellsus.
A.everyonehasbadmemoriessometimesnomatterhowoldheis
B.wecanpreventourmindfromagingwithvariousmethods
C.brainagingstartsatthetimewhenweareinthe20sand30s
D.memorylostisnotthesignthatwearegettingold
2004,51题。
“Thosedaysaregone,eveninHongKong”inParagraph1suggeststhat.
A.findingagoodcareerusedtobeeasierinHongKongthanelsewhere
B.noweveryoneinHongKonghasanequalchanceoffindingagoodjob
C.graduatesnowfacestrongercompet
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 阅读 理解 材料