考研英语真题及答案一.docx
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考研英语真题及答案一.docx
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考研英语真题及答案一
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademySciences,has2.
Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.
While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthe8ourkin.”
Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmallweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functionalKinship”ofbeingfriendswith14!
Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenestobeevolution15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.
Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,caretakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.
1、[A]what[B]why[C]how[D]when
2、[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised
3、[A]for[B]with[C]by[D]on
4、[A]separated[B]sought[C]compared[D]connected
5、[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples
6、[A]Insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible
7、[A]visit[B]miss[C]know[D]seek
8、[A]surpass[B]influence[C]favor[D]resemble
9、[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus
10、[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps
11、[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like
12、[A]limit[B]observe[C]confuse[D]drive
13、[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith
14、[A]chances[B]responses[C]benefits[D]missions
15、[A]faster[B]slower[C]later[D]earlier
16、[A]forecast[B]remember[C]express[D]disruptive
17、[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable [D]disruptive
18、[A]tendency[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]endeavor
19、[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic
20、[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,diestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?
DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?
TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.
Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularitypolarized.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimedtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.
Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.
ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.
21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraph,KingJuanCarlofSpain
[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport
[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals
[C]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals
[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment
22.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly
[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus
[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality
[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto
[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment
23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?
[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.
[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.
[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.
[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.
24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles
[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.
[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.
[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.
[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.
25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined
[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone
[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs
[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats
Text2
JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?
TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing.”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.
ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:
Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.
26.TheSupremeCourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto
[A]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.
[B]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.
[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.
[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.
27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof
[A]tolerance.
[B]indifference.
[C]disapproval.
[D]cautiousness.
28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto
[A]gettingintoone’sresidence.
[B]handingone’shistoricalrecords.
[C]scanningone’scorrespondences.
[D]goingthroughone’swallet.
29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat
[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.
[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.
[C]phones
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