广东海洋大学考博真题英语.docx
- 文档编号:25557004
- 上传时间:2023-06-09
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:22
- 大小:37.42KB
广东海洋大学考博真题英语.docx
《广东海洋大学考博真题英语.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《广东海洋大学考博真题英语.docx(22页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
广东海洋大学考博真题英语
GDOU-B-11-302
广东海洋大学2015级博士研究生入学英语考试试题
题号
一
二
三
四
五
总分
阅卷教师
各题分数
30
15
10
30
15
实得分数
PartⅠ:
ReadingComprehension(30%)
Direction:
Inthispart,therearefourpassages.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbelow.
Passage1
Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan'tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat"scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes".Thepeopleofquake-ruinedKobelearnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.
Noneofthemethodsraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtellwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggeredbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.So,findingoneall-purposewarningsignisimpossible.Onereason:
Quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults.Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreas.BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.
Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15years,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin"quake-resistant"structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.
IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayed,butthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.
ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researchersrancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderate-sizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake'senergytravelsinalarge"pulse"offocusedshaking.Theresults:
bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.
Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthquakewillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.
Questions1to5arebasedonthepassage1
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe--------?
A.Lastweek'squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.
B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists'abilitytopredictearthquakes.
C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled
D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.
2.Theauthor'sfocusinPara.3ison--------
A.theneedformoreresearch
B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes
C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors
D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures
3.It'simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause--------
A.scientistscan'tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly
B.it'shardtobuildperfect"quake-resistant"structures
C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults
D.alloftheabove
4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat--------
A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse
B.steel-framebuildingssurviveanyearthquake
C.buildingsinNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake
D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes
5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe--------
A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl
B.Earthquakes:
CanWeBringThemunderControl?
C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes
D.Can'tWePredictEarthquakes?
Passage2
Systematiceffortsatnationalnutritionplanningindevelopingcountriesgobackbarelyadecade.Duringthatbrieftimetherehasbeenconsiderableprogressinestablishingtheextentandcausesofmalnutritionandwhatcanbedonetoreduceit.
Tenyearsago,malnutritionwasoftenthoughttoreflectprimarilyashortageofprotein(andinsomecases,vitaminsorminerals).Mostnutritionprogramsconcentratedonprovidinghigh-proteinfoodtochildren,usuallyinschools.Theemphasistodayisdifferent.Thereisnowawidemeasureofagreementonseveralbroadpropositions.
Seriousandextensivenutritionaldeficienciesoccurinvirtuallyalldevelopingcountries,thoughtheyareworstinlow-incomecountries.Theyareusuallycausedbyundernourishment—ashortageoffood—notbyanimbalancebetweencaloriesandprotein.Theremayoftenbeshortageofspecificmicronutrientsandofprotein,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Butgiventhetypicalcompositionofthedietsofthepoor,totheextentthatcalorierequirements(asestimatedbytheFAOandtheWHO)aremet,itislikelythatothernutritionalneedswillalsobesatisfied.
Malnutririonaffectsoldandyoung,maleandfemale,urbanandruraldwellers;particularlyprevalentamongchildrenunderfive,itreducestheirresistancetodiseasesandisamajorcauseoftheirdeath.Inmanysocieties,girlssuffermorethanboys.
Malnutritionislargelyareflectionofpoverty;peopledonothaveenoughincomeforfood.Giventheslowincomegrowththatislikelyforpoverty-strickenpeopleintheforseeablefuture,largenumberswillremainmalnourishedfordecadestocome.
Poornutritionalpracticesandtheinequitabledistributionoffoodwithinfamiliesarealsocausesofmalnutrition.
Themosteffectivelong-termpoliciesarethosethatraisetheincomesofthepoor,andthosethatraisefoodproductionperperson.Otherrelevantpoliciesincludefoodsubsidies,nutritioneducation,addingmineralsorvitaminstosaltandotherprocessedfoods,andincreasingemphasisonproducingfoodstypicallyconsumedbythepoor.Thesepointswillbeamplifiedinthefollowingdiscussion.
Questions6to10arebasedonthepassage2
6.Duringthepast10yearsdevelopingcountries----------.
A.havemadeconsiderableattemptstoplanaboutnutritiononanation-widescale
B.havestartednutritionprogramsthataimatprovidinghigh-proteinfood…to
childreninschool
C.havetakeneffectivemeasurestoreducemalnutritioneverywhere
D.havereachedanagreementtofightmalnutritionbycombiningefforts
7.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseofmalnutrition?
A.Poverty
B.Poornutritionalpractice
C.Inequitabledistributionoffood
D.Inadequatenutritioneducation
8.Withregardtothefuture,theauthortendstobelievethat----------.
A.malnutritionwillbelargelyeliminatedinsomedevelopingcountriesinthenext
fewyears
B.thedevelopedcountriesareplanningtooffersomehelptoreducemalnutrition
C.manypeoplestillhavetosufferfrommalnutritioninthenearfuture
D.people’sincomeindevelopingcountrieswillgrowrapidlyintheforeseeable
future
9.“Nutritioneducation”ismentionedinthepassageas----------
A.oneofthemosteffectivepoliciestoreducemalnutritioninthelongterm
B.oneofthesecondarymeasuresofreducingmalnutrition
C.oneofthewaystoimproveeducationindevelopingcountries
D.oneoftheeffortsthathasbeenmadeduringthepast10years
10.Itcanbepredictedfromthelastsentenceofthepassagethattheauthorisgoingtotalkindetailabout----------.
A.policiesforreducingmalnutrition
B.thecausesformalnutrition
C.howtoraisetheincomesofthepoor
D.producingfoodstypicallyconsumedbythepoor
Passage3
Thechiefpurposeofworkisnottoproducethingsbuttobuildtheman.Itisnotsoimportantwhatshapeorformourworkmaytake;whatisvitallyimportantisourattitudetowardthatwork.
Eveniftheparticulardutyisonewhichdoesn’tseemworthdoing,ifyoumustdoit,itisimportanttodoitright.Evenifnooneelsewilleverknowwhetheryoudiditrightornot,youwillknow.Bymakingacommitmenttoqualitywork,youmakeacommitmenttoyourselftodevelopyourabilitiesandself-respect,todothebestyoucandoandbethebestyoucanbe.Whenyoudoaslittleaspossibleorjustenoughtogetby,youarenotmerelycheatingyouremployer,yourcustomers,yourclientsandyourco-workers,butmostimportantly,youcheatyourself.Tocheatyourselfoutofanopportunitytodevelopprideandself-worth.Youcheatyourselfoutofanopportunitytomeetachallengeanddevelopyourowninnerpowersandabilities.Youmaybeabletogetawaywithcheatingothers,butyounevergetawaywithcheatingyourself.
Thus,thekeyisacommitmenttoyourselftouseeverypossibleopportunityforself-developmentandtreateveryworkassignment,nomatterhowsmallorboring,asachallengethatcanbeusedinyourdevelopment.
Workisaprojectionofself.Consciousnesscanregardanyjobasapotentialopportunityforself-expression,forplay,forcreativity,forthefurtheranceofsocialobjectives,anditcanarrangethefactorsinthejobsothattheyformamea
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 广东 海洋大学 考博真题 英语
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)