A Brief Analysis Etiquette Differences of Western and Chinese Culture浅析中西礼仪差异.docx
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A Brief Analysis Etiquette Differences of Western and Chinese Culture浅析中西礼仪差异.docx
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ABriefAnalysisEtiquetteDifferencesofWesternandChineseCulture浅析中西礼仪差异
ABriefAnalysisEtiquetteDifferencesofWesternandChineseCulture
浅析中西礼仪差异
一、
二、课题(论文)提纲
0引言
1中国文化和西方文化存在很多的差异
1.1问候和聚会
1.2称呼
1.3道歉和回复
1.4邀请和告别
2不同的文化特征会导致文化的差异
2.1文化背景
2.2不同的价值和观点
2.3不同的信仰
2.4个人主义和集体主义
2.5西方的家庭倡导平等
2.6民族主义
3结语
二、内容摘要
中国有5000年的文明,无愧于“礼仪之邦”之称,我们为祖先的成就感到自豪的同时不能忽略西方文化的进步,在日新月异的现代社会,我们更要学习其他国家的优秀文化,在本文中我们将对礼仪,背景,信仰进行讨论。
无论是中国文化还是西方文化,随着时代进步,我们都该取其精华弃其糟粕,从而推进文化的高度。
三、参考文献
[1]克拉姆契.语言与文化[M].上海外语教育出版社,2000
[2]MaZhanxiang.TheInteractionbetweentheCooperatePrincipleandthePolitenessPrincipleinPragmatics[J].JournalofInnerMongoliaCollegeofEducation(Philosophy&SocialScience),Dec.2000,4
[3]许力生.跨文化交流入门[M].浙江大学出版社,2004:
48-50
[4]German,Kathleen.PrinciplesofSpeechCommunication[M].Addison-WesleyEducationPublishersInc,1998:
56-59
[5]曲晶.中西礼貌概念对比[J].东北师范大学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(6):
100
ABriefAnalysisEtiquetteDifferenceofWesternandChineseCulture
Abstract:
Chinahas5000year'sexcellentcivilization,anditisnotoverstateofceremonies.Weareproudofourancestors'achievement,butwecan'tignoretheimprovementofthewesternculture.Inourmodernsocienty,everythingischanging,soitisobviousthatwemustdrawlessonsfromother'sculture.Inthisthesis,wewilldisscussaboutgreetingandparting,addressing,apologiesandresponses,invitationandsayingGood-ByebetweenChineseandwestern.NomattertheChinesecultureorthewesternculture,theyareallthequintessenceofwisdom.Whenwepassonancestors'knowledgetoourgenerations,wemustdrawattentiontoimprovingnewideas.wecanadvancetheelevationofcivilization.
KeyWords:
etiquette;Culturalbackground;beliefs
0.Introduction
Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,thetimesneedimproved.Differentcultureisoneofthemainpiont.so,weshouldpaymoreattentiontodifferentculture.
WithChinaentriedtheWTOandheldtheOlympicGamesin2008,therelationshipbetweenChinaandWesterninpolitics,economy,culturewillbecomemoreandmoreclose.Itisundoubtedlythattheetiquettewillplayanimportantroleinthisprocess.Tothedefinitionofetiquette,ChinaandWesternhaveadifferentunderstanding.AsChinesethinksthattheetiquetteisthecommonbehaviorstandardsthatallthemembersmustobey,anditspurposeistokeepthenormallivingorderofthesociety.InancientChina,afamousphilosopherthinksthatetiquetteisaprincipaltodealwiththerelationshipbetweenmanandsupernaturalbeings,manandghosts,manandmen.TherearealsomanywordsaboutetiquetteinEnglish.Forexample,courtesywhichmeanscourteousbehavior,goodmanners;protocolwhichmeanssystemofrulesgoverningformaloccasion,e.g,meetings,betweengovernments,diplomats,etc.AndthesewordsareallfromthesameFrenchwordetiquette.Ofcourse,morespreadandmoreprofoundculturalcommentofthewesternetiquetteisfromtheClassicalPeriod,i.e.,oldAthensandRomaculture.Today,etiquettebecomethereflectionandmanifestationofonecountry’spolitics,economy,cultureinpeople’ssocialcontact.Anditincludetheprincipalandmoralthatpeopleshouldobeyindailylife.Etiquetteformedintheprocessofthedepositionofcultureandsocialcontact.Soeverynationhavetheirownetiquettestandardwhichcreatedwiththespiritofthistheirnation.Becauseofthisformedtheculturaldifferencebetweendifferentnations.Aslanguagesisthecarrierofthehumanculture.Thisdifferencemustreflectinthelanguageofdifferentnations.Sointhefollowing,wewilltakechina,BritishandAmericaastherepresentationofWestern,tolookatsomeculturaldifferenceinetiquette,andthenanalyzethereasons.Furthermore,wewilldiscusshowtolearnwesternculture.CulturaldifferencesonpolitenessbetweenwesternandChinesecanbefoundinmanyaspectsofdailycommunication,includinggreetingandparting,addressing,apologiesandresponses,invitationandsayingGood-Bye.
1.Chinesecultureandwesternculturehavemanydifference
1.1GreetingandParting
Whenpeoplemeetacquaintancesorfriends,peopleusuallygreeteachother.Thepurposeofgreetingistoestablishormaintainsocialcontact.Soformulaicexpressionsareoftenused,butsuchformulaicexpressionsoftencausesconflictbecauseofthegreatculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandnativeEnglishspeakers.InEnglish,peopleoftenemploythefollowingexpressionstogreeteachother“Goodmorning/evening/afternoon.“Fineday,isn’tit?
”Howiseverythinggoing?
”Haveyoueatenyet?
”Whatareyougoingtodo?
”Wherehaveyoubeen?
”etc.Westernerstreatthemasrealquestion.WhileinChinese,wealwayssay“Haveyoueaten”“Whereareyougoing?
”“Whatareyougoingtodo?
”toshowourconsideration.
Partingmaybedividedintotwosteps.Beforethefinalprating,thereisusualaleave-taking.WesternandChinesecultureshavediversewaystodealwithleave-takings.Firstly,inEnglishsociety,duringtheclosingphaseofanencounter,from”I”perspective,reasonsforterminatingtheencounterarepresentedinmitigatorycomments.Typicalcommentsareassociatedwithexpressionsofapology,suchas“I”amafraidImustbeoff,Ihavetorelievethebaby-sitter”etc.Westernpeoplebelievethattobewillingtovisitandconversewithsomeoneistohaverespectforhim.;toterminatethevisitingisnotofone’sownfreewill,butbecauseofsomeotherarrangements,thereforetheyalwaystrytomaketheirleavingsoundreluctantbyfindingsomereasonsandapologizeforittomaketheleavingacceptableforbothparties.Englishspeakersoftensignalseveraltimesbeforeleaving.“Well,it’sbeennicetoseeyouagain.Idoenjoyourtalkandthelovelydinner,butImustbegoingsoon”.Thankyouverymuchforaskingmeover.Ihopewe’llbeabletogettogetheragainbeforelong…”Consolidationinawiderrangeofcommonacquaintancesalsooccurs,inexpressionssuchas“SayhellotoJackforme”or“RemembermetoJohn”.InChinesesociety,duringtheclosingphaseofandencounter,usually,froma“you”perspective,reasonsforendingtheencounteraresetforthinmitigatoryexpressions.Suchexpressionsinclude“Iwillnotdisturbyou.”“Youmustbetired,havearest.”,etc.Withthesewords,theymaystandupfromtheirseats.Chineseleave-takingisveryshortandquick.Westernpeoplethinkitsoabruptthattheyhavenotprepareforit.Whilemovingtothedoor,Chineseemployexpressionsofapologylike“I’msorryfordisturbingyou.”“I’msorryforwastingyourtime.”ItshouldbenotedthattheseexpressionsemployedbyChinesegueststoshowconcernfortheirhostscanonlybeappropriateforbusinessvisitsintheEnglishenvironment.
1.2Addressing
Itisalsoappropriatetoaskhowtheyprefertobeaddressed.Childrenshouldalwaysaddressadultsintheformalfashion,usingtheirtitleandlastname.Anotherdifferenceisabouttheformofaddressing.Fromtheviewpointofsociolinguistics,formsofaddressingcanserveasanindicationoftherelationshipofpowerandsolidarityinthesociety.Incallingtheirsuperiorsorelders,theChineseareaccustomedtothenonreciprocalorasymmetricaladdressing,inotherwords.Theyuse“title+surname”toaddresstheirsuperiororeldersratherthancallthemsurnames,whilethesuperiororelderscalltheaddresserstheirnames.TheChinesetendtoabidebythepoliteprincipleofdepreciatingoneselfandrespectingotherstoshowappropriaterespectstowardsthepersonsbeingaddressed,otherwise,theaddressermaybeconsideredasillmannered,illeducatedorrude.ButinEnglishspeakingcountries,peoplehaveatendencytofollowthereciprocalorsymmetricaladdressing.Althoughtheyaredifferentinageandstatus,theycancalltheotherdirectly,namely,theirnames,evenfirstnamesexceptwhentheycallthedoctors,notarousingoffencebetweenthem,butdemonstratingthesenseofintimacyandtheconceptionof”Everyoneiscreatedequal”.Chinesepeoplefeelunnaturaladdressingawesternerbyhisgivenname,feelingthatitindicatestooclosearelationship,andwesterners,ontheotherhand,mayfeelthatifaChineseinsistsonusinghissurname,itindicatesanunwillingnesstobefriendlyandmaintainsagapbetweenthem.Sotheuseofformslike”MissMary”or“Mr.Smith”maybeaChineseformsofcompromise.WithMissMary,theuseofthegivennameindicatesfriendliness,buttheadditionofthetitleindicatestherespecttheyfeeltheyoughttoshow.AndwithSmith,thelackofatitleindicatesfriendliness,buttheuseofthesurnamepreventsifsoundingtoointimate.However,bothaddressingusedbytheChinesesoundverystrangeanduncomfortabletothewesterner.
1.3ApologiesandResponses
Ifwrongthingsaredone,theremustbeapologies.Astohowtoofferapologies,bothwesternandChinesepeoplemay“Iamsorry….”,”Iapologizefor…”.Etc.ButChinesewouldliketoapologizeforthecrowdedstateoftheirdwellingsandforsmallnumbersofdishes,althoughtheroomisbigenoughandtherearemanydishes.Chinesestaythesetoexpressself-depreciationonlyoutofcourtesy,nothavingotherimplication.Butthewesternerswouldwonder,sincetheroomissolargeandtherearesomanydishes,whydotheysayso.Maybetheydonotwelcomeourvisit,theydon’tlikeustoeatmore.WhenChinesecontactwithwesterners,iftheydonotknowthesedifferences,ifwillleadtomisunderstanding.Thewaystorespondtoapologiesaredifferent,too.
A:
Oh,I’msorry.Iforgetit.
B1:
Itdoesn’tmatter.
B2:
That’sallright.
B2iswesterners.
B1isaChineseperson.“Itdoesn’tmatter”isatranslationof“Itdoesn’tmatter.”fromChinese,whichisacommon
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