建筑结构等词汇解释 Architectural and Structural Terms Explained.docx
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建筑结构等词汇解释 Architectural and Structural Terms Explained.docx
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建筑结构等词汇解释ArchitecturalandStructuralTermsExplained
ArchitecturalandStructuralTermsExplained
建筑结构等词汇解释
Accessory:
Asupplementarybuildingproduct,suchasadoor,window,skylight,ventilator,louver,etc.
AnchorBolts:
Boltsusedtoanchorstructuralmemberstoaconcretefloor,foundationorothersupport.Usuallyreferstotheboltsatthebottomofallcolumnsanddoorjambs.
AnchorBoltPlan:
Aplanviewofabuilding(s)foundationsshowingalldimensionsandsectionsrequiredtoproperlylocatetheanchorbolts,includingtheprojectionsoftheboltsabovetheconcretesurface,requiredrecess,etc.Columnreactions(magnitudeanddirection),andbaseplatedimensionsarealsoincluded.
Angle:
Ahotrolledmemberwithtwolegsforminga90oangle.
ApprovalDrawings:
Drawingssenttothecustomertoverifydesignanddimensionsandtoverifythesalescontractdescriptionofmaterialsandservicesthemanufacturerhasagreedtofurnish.
Assembly:
Twoormorecomponentsboltedtogether.
Astragal:
Abentplateattachedtooneleafofdoubleslidingorhingeddoorstopreventdustandlightingress.
AuxiliaryLoads:
Allspecifieddynamicliveloads,otherthanthebasicdesignloads,whichthebuildingmustsafelywithstand.Examplesareloadsimposedbycranesystems,materialhandlingsystemsandimpactloads.
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Back-upPlates:
Additionalplatesusedinconnectionstoprovidesufficientboltgrip,allowforerectiontolerances,orincreasestrength.
BaseAngle:
Acontinuousanglefixedtothefloorslabortothegradebeamtoenabletheattachmentofwallpanels.
BasePlate:
Theendplateofacolumnwhichrestsonthesupportingsubstructuresurface.
Bay:
Thespacebetweenthecenterlinesofframesorprimarysupportingmembersinthelongitudinaldirectionofthebuilding.AlsocalledBaySpacingorBayLength.
BeadMastic:
Asealantfurnishedinacontinuousroll,normallyusedforsealingendlapsofroofpanels.SeealsoEndlapMastic.
Beam:
Ahorizontalstructuralmemberdesignedprimarilytoresistmoments.
BentPlate:
Aplatebenttoformanangle.
BillofMaterials:
Alistofitemsorcomponentsusedforfabrication,shipping,receiving,andaccountingpurposes.
BirdScreen:
Wiremeshusedtopreventbirdsfromenteringthebuildingthroughventilators,louversandroofmonitors.
BlindRivet:
Asmallheadedpinwithanexpandableshankforjoininglightgaugemetal.Typicallyusedtoattachflashing,gutters,etc.AlsoreferredtoasaPopRivet.
BraceGrip:
Galvanizedsteelstrandsformedintoahelicalhairpinshapethatiswrappedtightlyonthestrandattheendofthecablebrace.
BraceRods/Cables:
Rodsorcablesplaceddiagonallyintheroofandwallsforthepurposeoftransferringwindloadstothefoundationsandlongitudinallystabilizingthebuilding.
BracedBay:
Thebaywherebracingisprovided.
Bracket:
Astructuralsupportprojectingfromacolumnorraftertowhichanotherstructuralmemberisfastened.Example:
Bracketssupportingcranerunwaybeams.
BridgeCrane:
Overheadtravelingcranesupportedbyrailswhichareinturnsupportedbycranerunwaybeams.
Builder:
Ageneralcontractororsub-contractorresponsibleforprovidinganderectingpre-engineeredbuildings.
BuildingCodes:
Regulationsdevelopedbyrecognizedagenciesestablishingminimumbuildingrequirementsforlicensing,safetyandfunctionalitypurposessuchassetbacks,fireregulations,spacingandclearances.Buildingcodesusuallyaddressacceptabledesigncodes.AnexampleofabuildingcodeistheUniformBuildingCode(UBC).
BuildingWidth:
Thelateralwidthofthebuildingmeasuredfromouttooutofsidewallsteellines.
Built-upSection:
Astructuralmember,usuallyan"I"shape,madefromindividualflatplatesweldedtogether.
ButtPlate:
Theendplateofastructuralmemberwhichusuallyrestsagainstasimilarendplateofanothermembertoformamomentresistingconnection.AlsocalledSplicePlate,EndPlate,orCapPlate.
By-passGirt:
Thegirtwhichpassescontinuouslyalongtheoutsideflangesofthecolumns.
By-passMounted:
SeeExteriorMounted.
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"C"Section:
Amemberformedintoa"C"shapedprofilebycoldroll-formingfromcoils.
CableCatchAssembly:
Theoperatinghandleusedtoopenandclosetheridgeventilator.
Cables:
Usedforcablebracing.Canalsobeusedtooperateridgeventdampersandfortemporarybracing.SeeBraceCables.
Cantilever:
Aprojectingbeamthatissupportedandrestrainedatoneendonly.
Canopy:
Anoverhangingorprojectingroofstructure,belowtheeavelevel,supportedatoneendonly.
CapPlate:
Aplatelocatedatthetopofacolumnorendofabeam.AlsoreferredtoasEndPlate.
CapillaryAction:
Theactionofwaterrisingtoahigherlevel.
Catwalk:
Anarrowwalkwayusedtoprovideaccesstomechanicalequipmentnormallysupportedonroofplatforms.
Caulking:
Asealantusedinmakingwatertightjoints.
Channel(HotRolled):
Amemberformed,whileinasemi-moltenstateatthesteelmill,intoa"C"shapedprofilehavingstandarddimensionsandpropertiesspecifiedbyarelevantstandardspecification.
CheckeredPlate:
Flathotrolledplatewithraisedcheckereddesigntopreventslipping;usedforindustrialequipmentplatforms,catwalks,stairtreads,etc.
ClearHeight:
Theverticaldimensionfromthefinishedfloorleveltothelowestundersidepointoftherafter.
ClearSpan:
Abuildingwithoutinternalcolumns.
Clip:
Aplateorangleusedtofastentwoormorememberstogether.
Closer:
Mechanicaldevice,usuallyattachedtoahingeddoor,whichautomaticallyclosesthedoor.
ClosureStrip:
Purpose-madefoamfillerstofitinsideandoutsideprofilesofroofandwallpanelsprovidingaweather-tightseal.AlsoknownasFoamClosure.
Coil:
Arollofsteelsheetorwire.
Cold-FormedMember:
Alightgaugestructuralmemberproducedfromcoiledsteelstockrunningthroughaseriesofrollsatnormalroomtemperatures.
CollateralLoad:
Thestaticloadotherthanthebasicdesignloadssuchassprinklers,mechanicalandelectricalsystems,ceilings,etc.
Column:
Averticalstructuralmemberusedinabuildingtotransferloadsfromthemainroofbeams,trussesorrafterstothefoundation.
Component:
Anindependentpartofanassembly.
ConcreteNotch:
Arebateornotchformedalongtheedgeoftheconcretefloorslaborgradebeam,allowingwallpanelstoendbelowthefloorlevelthuspreventingingressofdustorwater.
ContinuousBeam:
Abeamwhichhasmorethantwopointsofsupport.
ContinuousRidgeVent:
Twoormoreridgeventilatorsmountedonthebuildingridgethatallowaircirculation.SeealsoRidgeVentilator.
CornerColumn:
Acolumnatanycornerofabuilding.Cornercolumnsmaybeprimaryrigidframecolumnsorpost-and-beamcolumns.
CounterFlashing:
Trimusedtoconnectthesidewallsheetingofamainbuildingtotheroofsheetingofalowerbuilding.
Crane:
Amachinedesignedtoliftand/ormovematerialbymeansofahoist.
CraneBeam:
Abeamthatsupportsanoverheadtravelingbridgecrane.Onunderhungbridgecranes,italsoactsasacranerail.AlsoknownasaCraneRunwayBeam.
CraneBracket:
Structuralsupportweldedtotheprimarybuildingframetopermitattachmentofacranerunwaybeam.SeealsoBracket.
CraneBridge:
Oneortwogirdersorboxsectionssupportedonendcarriages.SeealsoBridgeCrane.
CraneCapacity:
Themaximumweightacranecansafelylift.Cranecapacitydependsonthestandarddesignofthecranecomponentsandtheirsupports.
CraneRail:
Railweldedorboltedtoacranebeamformingthetrackonwhichthebridgecranewheelstravel.
CraneStopper:
Asmallverticalmemberweldedtothetopofthecranebeamtostopthecranebridgeattheendofthecranerunarea.
CrossSection:
Aviewformedbyaplanecuttingthroughanobjectusuallyatrightanglestoitsaxes.
Curb:
Raisedflashingaroundroofopeningstoformwaterproofopenings.SeealsoRoofCurb.
CurvedEave:
Curvedpanelsprovidedattheeave.
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Damper:
Baffleplateinaridgeventilatorthatcanbeopenedorclosedusingthecablecatchassembly.
DeadLoad:
Theselfweightofthepre-engineeredbuildingstructureincludingallitscomponentssuchasframes,floors,secondarymembers,sheeting,bolts,etc.
DesignCodes:
Regulationsdevelopedbyrecognizedagenciesestablishingdesignloads,procedures,andconstructiondetailsforstructures.Examplesare:
MBMA,AISC,AISI,AWS,etc.
DiagonalBracing:
SeeBraceRods/Cables.
DoorGuide:
Anangle,channel,orproprietaryproductusedtorestrainadoorleaforcurtainduringitsopeningandclosing.
DoorStopper:
Aclipboltedtotheverticaldoormembertopreventopeningbeyondthedoorlimit.
DoubleChannel:
Doubleorback-to-back"C"sectionsstitch-boltedtogether.
DoubleFacedTape:
Usedasanaidtofixfiberglassinsulation.
DoubleSlidingDoor:
Slidingdoorwithtwodoorleaves.
Downspout:
Cold-formedsheetmetalsectionusedtocarrywaterfromthegutterofabuildingtothegroundorstormdrainagesystem.
DownspoutElbow/Shoe:
Cold-formedsheetmetalsection,matchingthedownspoutprofile,attachedtothelowerendofadownspoutandcurvedinsuchawayastodirectwate
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