泉州市高考英语 阅读理解试题及答案.docx
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泉州市高考英语 阅读理解试题及答案.docx
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泉州市高考英语阅读理解试题及答案
泉州市高考英语阅读理解试题(及答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.(2019•全国Ⅱ)阅读理解
“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykidslacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”
I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.
Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:
Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.
Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?
(1)Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?
A. Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.
B. Sheisn'tgoodatsports.
C. Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.
D. She'sunabletomeetherschedule.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?
A. Encourageteamwork.
B. Appealtofeeling.
C. Promotegooddeeds.
D. Provideadvice.
(3)Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?
A. Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.
B. Sheisproudofherkids.
C. She'llworkforanotherseason.
D. Shebecomesagoodhelper.
(4)Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?
A. Itgivesherasenseofduty.
B. Itmakesherveryhappy.
C. Itenableshertoworkhard.
D. Itbringshermaterialrewards.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章,讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙,在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务,从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。
(1)推理判断题。
句意“你可以把我当作最后的手段,如果没有其他人自愿的话,我会去做的。
”在第二段中的demandingworkschedule和anunknownsport均是作者猜测的,所以ABD不对。
根据第二段最后的the unwilling parent 可以看出这位家长也许不想当自愿者。
故答案为C。
(2)词义猜测题。
A、鼓励团队协作;B、诉诸情感;C、促进良好行为;D、提供建议。
前一句提到Shemayjust needalittlepersuading(她也许只是需要一点儿劝说),所以“我又尝试了并……”,后一句作者“提到一个带着4个孩子的单亲妈妈”,“谈到自己的孩子不在球队里的父亲当教练”等都是从情感上打动这位家长,故答案为B。
(3)细节理解题。
根据第三段中的描述organizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,“那位不情愿的家长安排用餐时间,发邮件,并为季末礼物筹款,并最终成为了团队中一个成员”,可知这位家长成为一个得力的助手,让其他的家长有时间去准备下一个赛季的事情。
故答案为D。
(4)细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段最后的providesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood可知因为志愿工作带来快乐,故答案为B。
【点评】考查对文章的理解和词义的猜测。
在通读短文的基础上紧扣问题,利用关键词在文中定位,认真分析。
2.阅读理解
Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.Theyaredesignedtowinusovernotwiththeirsmartsbutwiththeirpersonality.Theyaresoldascompanionsthatdomorethantalktous.Timemagazinehailed(称赞)therobotsthat"couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines."Butisreshapinghowweinteractwithmachinesagoodthing,especiallyforchildren?
Someresearchersinfavoroftherobotsdon'tseeaproblemwiththis.Peoplehaverelationshipswithmanykindsofthings.Somesayrobotsarejustanotherthingwithwhichwecanhaverelationships.Tosupporttheirargument,roboticistssometimespointtohowchildrendealwithtoydolls.Childrenanimate(赋予…生命)dollsandturnthemintoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,willbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.
Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.Today'srobotstellchildrenthattheyhaveemotions,friendships,evendreamstoshare.Inreality,thewholegoaloftherobotsisemotionaltrickery.Forinstance,Cozmotherobotneedstobefed,repairedandplayedwith.BorisSofman,thechiefexecutiveofAnki,thecompanybehindCozmo,saysthattheideaistocreate"adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,youfeelthepainofthat."Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?
Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?
Thisshouldnotbeouronlyconcern.Itistroublingthattheserobotstrytoempathizewithchildren.Empathyallowsustoputourselvesintheplaceofothers,toknowwhattheyarefeeling.Robots,however,havenoemotionstoshare,andtheycannotputthemselvesinourplace.Nomatterwhatroboticcreatures"say"orsqueak,theydon'tunderstandouremotionallives.Theypresentthemselvesasempathymachines,buttheyaremissingtheessentialequipment.Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.
Whatisalsotroublingisthatchildrentakerobots'behaviortoindicatefeelings.Whentherobotsinteractwiththem,childrentakethisasevidencethattherobotslikethem,andwhenrobotsdon'tworkwhenneeded,childrenalsotakeitpersonally.Theirrelationshipswiththerobotsaffecttheirself-esteem(自尊).Inonestudy,an8-year-oldboyconcludedthattherobotstoppedtalkingtohimbecausetherobotlikedhisbrothersbetter.
Forsolong,wedreamedofartificialintelligenceofferingusnotonlysimplehelpbutconversationandcare.Nowthatourdreamisbecomingreal,itistimetodealwiththeemotionaldownsideoflivingwithrobotsthat"feel."
(1)HowarethenewsocialrobotsdifferentfromSiri?
A. Theyareintendedtoteachchildrenhowtotalk.
B. Theyaredesignedtoattractpeoplewiththeirsmarts.
C. Theirmainfunctionistoevaluatechildren'spersonality.
D. Theyhaveanewwaytocommunicatewithhumanbeings.
(2)InParagraph3Cozmoisusedasanexampletoshowthatthesocialrobots______.
A. aredeeplyconnectedwithhumanbeings
B. areunabletobuildarealrelationshipwithchildren
C. aresoadvancedthattheycanfeelthepainofhumanbeings
D. arenotgoodenoughtocarryouttheinstructionsofchildren
(3)Theunderlinedphrase"essentialequipment"inParagraph4refersto______.
A. emotion
B. pain
C. fear
D. thinking
(4)Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?
I:
Introduction P:
Point Sp:
Sub-point(次要点) C:
Conclusion
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同,他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。
时代周刊称它彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。
但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“ Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore. ”可知,新的社交机器人与像苹果的Siri这样的助理有相同之处,但比它们有更多功能;再根据第一段中的“Timemagazinehailed(称赞)therobotsthat“couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines.”可知,社交机器人彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式,可以推知以一种新的方式与人们交流互动。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
Cozmo是第三段的举例,举例肯定是用来证明本段或者其前边的观点的。
本段的中心是“Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.”与洋娃娃相处与与社交机器相处是不同的;再根据第三段中的“Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?
”你觉得忽略了机器人而难受,但是机器人并不会感觉被忽略,或者你感觉机器人冷落了你而难受但是机器人根本不知道它冷落了你,这些意味着什么呢?
可知,社交机器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。
故选B。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.”可知,社交机器人不知道疼,死亡或害怕。
社交机器人的思维可能是在想,但是他们的感觉从来不是感觉,他们的爱也从来不是爱。
这句话是证明划线单词所在句子的论点的,他们是会同情的机器,但是他们缺少感情,导致他们所谓的感情是假的。
所以划线单词词意为情感。
故选A。
(4)考查篇章结构。
分析文章内容,第一段提出观点:
社交机器人改变了我们与机器互动的方式。
第二段提出一些支持这一改变的专家的想法,第三段提出一些人对这一改变的担忧,并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分别是这些人的三点担忧。
最后一段总结这一趋势面临的现状。
所以文章提出观点后,分为支持和反对两个观点,反对方面又列出了三点担忧,最后一段总结。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,词义猜测和篇章结构三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Itseemsthatelectronicdevicesjustkeepgettingsmaller.ScientistsintheUnitedStateshaveannouncedthecreationofthefirsttransistorwithonlytwodimensions(二维).
Atransistorisasmallelectronicdevicethattransfersorcarrieselectroniccurrent.Scientistshopethesenew2Dtransistorswillbeusedforbuildinghigh-resolution(高分辨率)displaysthatneedverylittleenergy.
Twogroupsofscientistscreatedthese2Dtransistors.Theyreportthatthetransistorsareonlyafewatomsthick.
Usuallytransistorsaremadewiththeelementsilicon(硅).Computerprocessors,memorychips,TVscreensandotherelectronicdevicescontainbillionsofsilicon-basedtransistors.Buttheseverysmallelectricalpartshavecertainlimitations.
D
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