情态动词用法归纳学习卷教师用.docx
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情态动词用法归纳学习卷教师用.docx
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情态动词用法归纳学习卷教师用
高三语法学习卷----情态动词
一.考点及学习目标:
考点
学习目标
1
Can,may,must,could,might,should,oughtto,haveto,will等情态动词的基本用法
掌握常见情态动词的基本用法,并能灵活运用,特别是情态动词表推测的用法更要求掌握
2
Can与beableto;shall与will;mustn’t与needn’t;need与dare的辨析
掌握意义、用法相近的情态动词的用法
3
“情态动词+havedone”用法区别
掌握各个“情态动词+havedone”的意义及用法并能区别运用
4
虚拟语气中情态动词的应用
掌握If引导的虚拟条件句,宾语从句和名词性从句中情态动词的运用
二.考查热点:
1.表示推测和可能性;2.情态动词+havedone;3.表示必要性4.表示请求、允诺、允许。
及考点热点分析
三.情态动词分类讲解:
Ⅰ情态动词表推测
情态动词must,can/could,may/might可以用来对事情进行推测。
一般有两种结构:
“情态动词+动词原形”和“情态动词+havedone”。
1.“情态动词+be”结构通常用来对现在或将来的状况进行推测。
Thelightisstillon.Hemustbeworkingintheofficenow.
Michaelcan’tbeapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
Hemaybeintheclassroom.I’llgoandmakesure.
2.“情态动词+havedone”结构用于对过去事情的推测。
Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.
Tomhasn’tcomebackyet.Hemayhavemissedthebusagain.
Jackcan’thavearrivedyet;otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.
杰克不可能来到,否则,他会给我来电话的。
【注】 mighthavedone和couldhavedone除了表对过去事情的推测外,还可表示一种责备语气,意为“(过去)本来可以(能够)做某事,但实际上没有做到”,此时不能用may或can。
Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.
练习1)You____betired-you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.
A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot
2)---Isn'tthatAnn'shusbandoverthere?
---No,it_______behim.I'msurehedoesn'twearglasses.
A.can't B.mustnot C.won't D.maynot
3)He_____havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.
A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t
33.Theteacher_______havethoughtJohnsonwasworthitorshewouldn'thavewastedtimeonhim,I
suppose.[2007安徽卷]
A.shouldB.canC.wouldD.must
34.Helen______goonthetripwithus,butsheisn’tquitesureyet.
A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can
36.It_____havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.
A.mayB.canC.mustD.should
37.—Shelooksveryhappy.She______havepassedtheexam.[2007江苏卷]
—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.
A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might
38.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.
A.canmanageB.couldhavemanageC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged
Ⅱ虚拟语气中情态动词的使用:
1.if虚拟条件句中情态动词的使用,观察例句,总结:
IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.
IfIwereyou,Tshouldseizethechancetogoabroad.
Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.
Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.
Ifitweretoraintomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetinguntilnextweek.
虚拟条件从句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
与过去事实相反的假设
与将来事实相反的假设
2.
Ⅰ.can,could
1.表示能力
Canyouliftthisheavybox?
Marycanspeakthreelanguages.
2.表示________________
-----CanIgonow?
----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.
在疑问句中还可用could代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?
----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)
3.表示________________
ItcanbeverycoldinwinterinZhengzhou.
Canthisbetrue?
Itcouldbetrue.
4.表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Canhebeintheoffice?
Hecan’tbeintheoffice.
Howcanthisbetrue?
5.练习1)Hecan’thavestolenyourbook.Herbrother______beathomenow,becausehewasseenplayingbasketballinthestadiumjustnow.
A.mustn’tB.needn’t C.can’tD.shouldn’t
2)--CouldIuseyourbike?
---Yes,surelyyou______.
A.mightB.willC.canD.should
3)Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone___getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
注:
Can和beableto的区别是前者不能表示结果,而后者可以表示结果的达成:
Threedayslater,Iwasabletopersuadehimtogowithme.
Ⅱ、may,might
1表示请求和允许。
might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。
否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t,表示”绝不可以”也可用can’t或maynot
----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?
----No,youmustn’t.
----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?
----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)
用MayI...?
征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气
2.用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
Mayyousucceed!
MayGodblessyou!
3.表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.
4.may(might)aswell还是…的好
Twoisbetterthannone.Imightaswelltakeit.
5.练习
1)--Areyoucomingfordinner?
---I’mnotquitesure.I______gotomyuncle’sinstead.
A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might
2)Don’tbelievehim.Whathesaid______betrue.
A.mustn’tB.needn’t C.shouldn’tD.maynot
3)---______Igohomenow,sir?
---No,you______.Youshouldfinishthecompositionfirst.
A.Might;wouldn’tB.May;hadbetternot C.Must;mustn’tD.Need;mustn’t
Ⅲ、must,haveto
1.表示必须、必要。
Youmustcomeintime.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t,don’thaveto(不必).
----Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?
----Yes,youmust./----No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.
2.must是说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要。
Must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式。
Theplayisn’tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.
IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.
3.表示推测、可能性(可能性很大)
You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.
Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.
4.must还表示”非做不可”:
5.练习1)Itisdark,mustyoustartnow?
---______itbeLiPingwhobroketheglass?
---No.It______beWuDongwhodidit.
A.Can;mustB.Must;needC.May;mustD.Need;can
2)Johnny,you___playwiththeknife,you____hurtyourself.
A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;wouldn't
3)Imissedthebus,soI__gohomeonfoot.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.hadto
Ⅳ、dare,need
1.dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。
HowdareyousayI’munfair?
Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?
Ifyoudarenotspeaktohim,Iwilldoitforyou.
Dareyouaskhimaboutthat?
2.need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。
Youneedn’tcomesoearly.
----NeedIfinishtheworktoday?
----Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.
Ⅴ、shall,should
1.shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
Whatshallwedothisevening?
Shallwegotothecinema?
2.shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)
Heshallbepunished.(威胁)
3.练习1)Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.
--You____havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.
A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’t
2)whatdoyoumean,thereareonly10tickets?
There______betwelve.
A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shall
Ⅵ、will,would
1.表示请求、建议或征求意见等,表请求时would更委婉。
Willyougotothecinemawithme?
Wouldyoupleasepassmethebook?
2.表示意志、愿望和决心。
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.
3.would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
would表示过去习惯时比usedto正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
4.will表示没有实现计划临时做的决定.
--Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Gotoseewhoitis.--Yes,Iwill.
练习:
---Don’tforgettovisitmewhenyoucometoBeijing. ---______.
A.Idon’tB.Iwon’t C.Ican’tD.Ihaven’t
Ⅶ、should,oughtto
1.should,oughtto表示“应该”,oughtto表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.
Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.
2.表示劝告、建议和命令。
should,oughtto可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
Youshould/oughttogotoclassrightaway.
ShouldIopenthewindow?
3.表示推测时should,oughtto经常指客观推测,而must常表主观推测。
Hemustbeathomenow.(断定他在家)
Thelightison.Heshould(oughtto)beathome.(不太肯定)
4.用于虚拟的推测:
Ifyoushouldcomeback,Iwouldgiveittoyou.
Youmightaswelltakeanumbrellawithyou,incaseitshouldrain.
5.should还可表示惊讶
Youshouldbesorude!
6.练习:
1)There____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.
A.mustn’tB.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t
2)---Amazing!
You_______wearslippersatwork!
---Don’tyouthinkitafashion?
A.mustB.shouldC.canD.may
Ⅷ.情态动词+havedone
1.can/could+havedone用于疑问句和否定句中,表示对过去情况的推测如:
IsawMr.Zhangjustnow,Hecan’t/couldn’thavegonetoNanjing.
Youcouldhavepassedtheexam,butyouwerenotcarefulenough.
2.may/might+havedone一般用于肯定句或否定句中,不用于疑问句中。
表示对过去情况的推测,意思是“也许已经”如:
Hemay/mighthaveleftschool.
Shemaynothavefinishedherwork.
Youmayhavegivenhermorehelp,thoughyouwerebusy.
3.must+havedone只用于肯定句中,表示对过去情况肯定的推测
意思是“一定做了某事”如果表示对过去情况否定的推测则用_______________
4.needn’t+havedone表示过去没必要做某事,只有否定式,没有肯定式
Youneedn’thavetoldhimthenews,forhehadknownit.
Ididn’tneedtocleantheroom,mymotherdidit.
5.should/oughtto+havedone;shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone
6.练习1)Withsomuchworkonhand,you__toseethegamelastnight.
A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone
2)Sorry,I’mlate.I___haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.
A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will
3)Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,_____?
A.didn’ttheyB.don’ttheyC.mustn’ttheyD.haven’tthey
1.You_____allthoseclothes.Wehaveawashingmachinetodothatsortofthing.
A.needn’thavewashed
B.shouldn’thavewashed
C.mustnothavewashed
D.cannothavewashed
2.John_____hisfatherabouthisfailureintheexam.
A.daresnottell B.daresnottelling
C.darenottell D.daresnottotell
3.Tom’sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he_____lastnight.
A.shouldstudy B.shouldhavestudied
C.musthavestudied D.musthavetostudy
4.Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn’t.Whose_____itbe?
A.must B.can
C.may D.might
5.Nobodyknowshowpeoplefirstcametotheseislands.They_____fromSouthAmericaonrafts.
A.musthavesailed B.cansail
C.mighthavesailed D.shouldhavesailed
6.Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,_____he?
A.mustn’t B.didn’t
C.ne
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