专八改错真题及问题详解.docx
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专八改错真题及问题详解.docx
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专八改错真题及问题详解
2000年-2015年专八短文改错试题
2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错
WhenIwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularshow
onicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedroundatheluxuryofthe1.______
rink,myfriend’smotherremarkedonthe“plush”seatswehadbeen
given.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,andbeingproudofmy2.______
vocabulary,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.“Plush”
wasclearlyintendedasacomplimentary,apositiveevaluation;that3.______
muchIcouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI4.______
startedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainlyareplush,and
soaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren’tthey?
My
friend’smotherwasverypolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromher5.______
expressionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.
Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthecontextwhatawordroughly
means,andthatisinfactthewaywhichweusuallyacquireboth6.______
newwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinour7.______
ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhave
askedforPlush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthe8.______
aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby9.______
speakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,
butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.
Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomendthegap.10.______
2014改错
Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.
Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions
(1)______
havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:
(2)______
lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthe
samesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?
(3)______
lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave(4)______
moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?
lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?
lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe(5)______
acquisitionofadditionallanguages?
lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthe
learningofadditionallanguages?
Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall(6)______
theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhave
onethingincommon:
Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiring
ofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo(7)______
so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditional
language,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder(8)______
focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofan
individual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesare
involving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning(9)______
oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntinthe
classroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.(10)______
2013专八短文改错试题.
Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocesses
involvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,
productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith
(1)_____
listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.
Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually
(2)______
happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.(3)______
Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,(4)______
younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptional
circumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity(5)______
involved:
ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;
ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced(6)______
theirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;if(7)______
wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;or
ifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeet
anyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples(8)______
ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”
revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,(9)______
listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesses
werenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful(10)______
experimentstogetatwhatishappening.
2012年
Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst
(1)______
centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywriters
favouredcertainkindof“free”translation:
thespirit,nottheletter;the
(2)_______
sensenottheword;themessagerathertheform;thematternot(3)_______
themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho(4)_______
wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th(5)_______
century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthat
thelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage(6)_______
wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible(7)_______
gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas(8)_______
literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe(9)_______
extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.
Theargumentwastheoretical:
thepurposeofthetranslation,the
natureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too
often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwith
eachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.(10)_____
2011年专八真题改错部分
Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,Iknew
thatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout 1__________
seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidso
withtheconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat 2___________
soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks. 3___________
Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears 4__________
oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.For
thisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondeveloped
disagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy 5_____________
schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesand
holdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom 6_________
theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof 7________
beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwords
andapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated 8________
asortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure 9________
ineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriously 10________
intended—writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodand
boyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirst
poemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.
2010年专八真题改错部分
Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequally
completeandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:
thatis,
everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay 1________________
thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay. 2________________
Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive 3________________
peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notall
groupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsor
psychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe 4_____________
faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakabout
snowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin 5______________
English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthose
sometimesmiscalled'primitive')isinherentlymorepreciseand
subtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect 6______________
inEnglish,ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.Thepositionis
simplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar 7____________
environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms 8____________
fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhich
Englishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant. 9_____________
Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguage
couldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufacture
orcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'life. 10____________
2009
Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses
fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference
(1)___________
betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,
learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe
(2)___________
littlelistener hasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven (3)____________
grandchildren. Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeand
transmitting itmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.With (4)_____________
theplayground lore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassed (5)___________
onwithintheveryhour itislearnt;andinthegeneral,itpasses (6)_____________
betweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommon
forthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfive
years.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbe
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- 改错 问题 详解
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