高考英语七选五阅读.docx
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高考英语七选五阅读.docx
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高考英语七选五阅读
(Ⅰ)
【2016·新课标全国卷I】
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate.Bank,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodeindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.
Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags(落后)behindcodemaking.Thescienceofdecodingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.
Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersare“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”
38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample,let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“13520135”.
Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me”.Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme”.40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.
A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutacodebook.
B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.
C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.
D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.
E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.
F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.
G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。
36.【解析】D
本题考察是逻辑关系,根据下一句“codebreakingneverlagsbehindcodemaking”可知上一句是只要出现密码,就会有人去解码,故选D。
37.【解析】E
本题考察是句子之间的例证关系,从后面文章的举例中“Forexample,thefirstlettersare‘Myelephanteatstoomanyeels’spelloutthehiddenmessage‘Meetme.’”那么前一句应该是对例子的概括,即我们可以知道是运用每个单词的首字母来组成密码,E选项正确。
38.【解析】G
本题考察是文章的篇章结构,前一段是讲到了第一种方法,根据篇章结构,下一段应该是讲述第二种设置密码的方法,而根据该段的例子,即字母表中字母排列顺序转化成为数字信息,所以这里关键词是anotherway还有alphabet,故选G。
39.【解析】F
本题考察的是逻辑关系,从上一句“Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook”你需要借用解码书来找出密码单词所对应真正意思,F选项表示你应该找出解码书中密码所代表的词语,故F正确。
40.【解析】A
本题考察的是关键词以及转折关系,根据下一句出现“itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong,”这里出现了alsohard,所以上一句关键词为hard;另外however表示转折关系,证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反,即上一句应该没有解密书,是很难去完成解密工作,故A正确。
(Ⅱ)
【2015·新课标全国卷I】
BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgain
Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.__36__.
Trustisarisk.Butyoucan'tbesuccessfulwhenthere'salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.
Unfortunately,we'veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe'vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore.__37__.It'sunderstandable,butifyou'rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.
●__38__havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwellbeing.
●__39__Ifyou'vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere'sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we'llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.
●Youdidn'tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?
Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.__40__instead,it'sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.
A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.
B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.
C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.
D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.
E.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.
F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.
G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.
【分析】文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任,如何再次建立信任。
36.解析:
根据前一句Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences信任是我们从以往经历中获得的学习行为。
选项B中的it代指上文刚出现的trust。
故选B。
答案:
B
37.解析:
根据前句Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore.可知他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生。
可知选E。
答案:
E
38.解析:
根据后句havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwellbeing.可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。
可知选A。
答案:
A
39.解析:
根据后句Ifyou'vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.可知此段主要讲述不要认为自己是受害者。
故选C。
答案:
C
40.解析:
根据前一句Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife和后一句instead,it'sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.可知既要看到事情的积极面,也不要忽视所发生的事情。
故选G。
答案:
G
(Ⅲ)
【2014·新课标Ⅰ卷】
Thejobsofthefuturehavenotbeeninvented,__36__Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.
1.Curiosity
Yourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.__37__Askkids,“Whatingredients(配料)canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime”andthentrythemout.Didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter?
Whatcouldwetrynexttime?
2.Creativity
Truecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit.__38__Thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.ExperimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheirCreativity.
3.InterpersonalSkills
Understandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids.Weknowwhatisgoingoninsideourownhead,butwhataboutothers?
Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.__39__“Whydoyouthinksheiscrying?
”“Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface?
”“Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou,howwouldyoufeel?
”
4.SelfExpression
__40__Therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas—music,acting,drawing,building,photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.
A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.
B.Andwecan'tforgetscienceeducation.
C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.
D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon'tyetexist?
E.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.
F.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.
G.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.
【分析】 本文介绍了培养孩子技能的方法,其中包括好奇心、创造性、交际能力和自我表达等。
36.解析:
细节过渡题。
根据空后的“Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethem...”可知,这里叙述的是帮助他们发展一些技能。
由此推断,上句应为“应该怎样帮助孩子为未来的工作而作准备”,故选D。
答案:
D
37.解析:
细节过渡题。
根据下面的内容可知,此处是鼓励孩子们和你一起做饭。
答案:
A
38.解析:
细节过渡题。
根据上文中的createsomethingnew等可知,要给孩子们思考的机会。
答案:
C
39.解析:
主旨大意题。
联系下面的几个问题可知F项正确。
答案:
F
40.解析:
主旨大意题。
根据该段小标题及空格后toexpressthoughts可知,此处所填内容与交流有关,故选G项。
答案:
G
(Ⅳ)
【2013·新课标全国卷I】
Businessistheorganizedapproachtoprovidingcustomerswiththegoodsandservicestheywant.Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesthesegoodsandservices.Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit(利润)—thataimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthebusiness.__1__Commonlycallednonprofits,theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders__2__.
Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning,direction,andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness.__3__Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.__4__Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofwordinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision(监管)andguidancebythemanagementinauthority__5__.
A.Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.
B.Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.
C.Examplesofnonprofitbusinessincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals.
D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts
E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.
F.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.
G.Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.
【分析】本文是说明文。
生意是给顾客提供商品和服务的有效手段,其目的有两种:
一个是营利,另一个是非营利。
文章介绍了businessmanagement的含义。
1.解析:
细节过渡题。
上文谈到有利润的生意,下文则出现了转折,是无利润的生意;还有,下文中的nonprofits和D项的意思一致。
答案:
D
2.解析:
解释说明题。
根据上文中的“Commonlycallednonprofits,theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders.”可知,此处是给出的有关nonprofits的具体例子,故C项是正确答案。
答案:
C
3.解析:
细节过渡题。
根据下文中提到的三个方面的介绍可知,此处是总述,下文是分述,故选G。
答案:
G
4.解析:
文章结构题。
上文提到第一个方面,下文提到第三个方面,很显然此处是第二个方面。
答案:
E
5.解析:
文章结构题。
该段提到planning和direction,所以最后作者开始解释control。
答案:
A
(Ⅵ)
【2012·全国卷】
Kids'health:
Fourstepsforfightingstress
Everybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime.__1__Somewaysofdealingwithstress—likescreamingorhittingsomeone—don'tsolve(解决)much.Butotherways,liketalkingtosomeoneyoutrust,canleadyoutosolvingyourproblemoratleastfeelingbetter.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:
(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoatrustedadult,suchasaparentorotherrelatives.__2__Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.
(2)Don'ttakeitoutonyourself.Sometimeswhenkidsarestressedandupsettheytakeitoutonthemselves.Oh,dear,that'snotagoodidea.Re
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