中考完型填空专题复习.docx
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中考完型填空专题复习.docx
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中考完型填空专题复习
完形填空答题技巧(上下文+逻辑+固定搭配+语法+背景知识)
完形填空题篇幅一般150~250个词, 以故事性题材居多, 体裁以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主。
多数完形填空设10空或15空, 考点主要涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。
近几年中考完形填空的命题有以下趋势:
1. 在命题角度上体现“突出语篇”的命题原则, 即“突出语意填空, 削减语法填空, 以考查理解能力为主”; 2. 在题材上将更加贴近学生、贴近生活、内容新颖, 富有时代气息。
一.完型填空试题主要特点:
1. 文章中设空15个.首句不挖空;
从历年的试题可以看出,完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题,且首句往往不设空,通常是个完整的句子。
这个句子往往是全文的关键句,它是了解全文的窗口,常常包含对解题有用的信息,因此要注重细读首句,并据此来判断文章的体裁,题材,推测全文的主旨和大意,推断故事发生的人物、地点、时间、气氛等多方面的特征,争取开局顺利。
2.干扰项设计严密.一般情况下,选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴,干扰项填入后在语法上一般不存在错误,对考生有很大的迷惑作用;
3.突出语篇(语境),强调应用,注重交际;
4.大多富有积极的教育意义,给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣;
二.完型填空考查内容
1、context(上下文、语境)
2、logic(逻辑)
3、regularcollocation(固定搭配)
4、grammaranalysis(语法分析)
5、backgroundknowledge(背景知识)
三.完形填空的解题总则-------把握整体具体分析
四.完形填空的解题步骤
(1)利用首句提示
(2)在掌握文章大意、弄清作者意图的基础上,根据标志性词汇或句子,推断该语境的未知信息(3)应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语,尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。
(4)最后,全面复核检查,合理修正答案。
借助补全的空缺,再次细读全文,反复斟酌。
两忌讳:
忌把完形填空当单项选择(答案不仅要在原句中合理,也要在全文中合理,要有全局观。
);忌忽略语境。
跳过空格,通读全文,掌握大意=2min
瞻前顾后,先易后难,个个击破=10min
再读全文,反复检查,验证答案=2min
五.完型填空解题口诀:
把握全文明主线,固定搭配记心间,原词再现莫错过,上下求索是关键。
6.完形填空的解题方法
1.充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。
这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。
注意上下文语境
2.注意固定的搭配,包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。
掌握习惯搭配
3.注意同义词的辨义运用词义辨析
4.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词
5.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项运用逻辑分析
6.根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项了解常识背景
7.根据作者的态度,观点,情绪来确定相关选项
+运用语法分析运用排除法
为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?
1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:
很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案,不认真分析通篇文章,单纯求快,忽略语篇理解,只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。
表面上解题速度挺快,但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。
切记:
一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.
2.不注意积累答题技巧:
a.忽略文章首句的提示作用;
b.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;
c.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.
3.时间安排不当:
在几个选项上过分纠缠,追求完美,导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。
切记:
正确的做法是由易到难,先做会做的,再考虑较难的。
强烈推荐:
如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格,然后快速地整句整段地默读,选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.
TipstoCloseTest:
1.注重首、尾句。
2.克服畏难、急躁情绪,耐心通读全文。
3.切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案,必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
4.动笔时先易后难,注意从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示,大胆地作出猜测。
5.如果选项从语法角度无法确定,则必须从语篇(前提示、后暗示)意义上加以鉴别。
2016真题
完形填空 (每小题1分,共10分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出一个最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Theworldneedsloveandmanypeopleneedourhelp.Severalyearsago,myteachersaskedmetotakepartinaprogramthathelpsthosewhoare31.Eachweek,Ispendanhourintheclassroomhelpingwithschoolwork,artproject,gamesandother32,includingeating.Mymotherisateacher,soIamusedtohelpingchildren;however,Ifoundthatworkingwithchildrenwithspecialneedswould33mylifeforever.
Atfirst,Ithoughtitwouldbe34tobewiththechildrenwhoaresodifferent,butgraduallyIfoundthere'ssomethingspecialaboutthesestudents.Sotherewasnoneedtoworryaboutit.EachThursdayIwaswelcomedbythesmilingfacesofThomas,JoeyandMissy.Thomashastositonthewheelchair.Hecommunicateswithsimplewords35yesorno.Joey,adeafgirl,alwayswelcomedmewithabigsmile.Missywasbornwithakindof36anditmakesherreallysmallforherage.Inanormalclassroom,itwouldbecommontohearateachercomfortachildwhoistappinghispencil,speaking37ormakingunnecessarynoises.However,here,shouts,cries,andothernoisesare38.They'resignsofexcitementanddifferentwaysofcommunicating.Workingwithchildrenwithspecialneedshaschangedmylife.Ithasmademe39others'needs.Oneofmyteachersbelievesthatweshouldbepartofsomethingbiggerthan40.IneverrealizedhowtruethiswasuntilIworkedwiththesechildren.Ibelieveeveryoneshouldgetoutanddosomethingthatmakesadifference.
31.A.uneducatedB.homelessC.disabled
32.A.coursesB.competitionsC.activities
33.A.changeB.wasteC.save
34.A.nervousB.relaxingC.lively
35.A.exceptB.likeC.against
36.A.abilityB.illnessC.habit
37.A.clearlyB.politelyC.loudly
38.A.mentionedB.stoppedC.encouraged
39.A.refuseB.noticeC.influence
40.A.ourselvesB.yourselvesC.themselves.
2015真题
2、完形填空
YesterdayisFather'sDay.Manythingshappeningbetweenmyfatherandmecrowdedmymind.Butonethingmadeadeepimpressiononme.
ItwasaSundaymorning,andIwasina16mood(情绪).Twoofmyfriendshadgonetothemoviesthenightbeforeandhadn'tinvitedme.Iwasinmyroom17waystomakethemsorrywhenmyfathercamein."Wanttogoforaridetoday,Beck?
It'sabeautifulday."
"No!
Leavemealone!
"Thosewerethe18wordsIsaidtohimthatmorning.
Myfriendscalledand19metogotothemallwiththemafewhourslater.Iforgottobe20withthemandthenwentwiththem.WhenIcamehome,Ifounda21onthetable.MymotherputitwhereIwouldbesuretoseeit."Dadhashadan22.PleasemeetusatHighlandParkHospital."
WhenIreachedthehospital,mymothercameoutandtoldmeacarhitmyfatherandhisinjurieswereextensive(大面积的)."Yourfathertoldthedrivertoleave23aloneandjustcall911,thankGod!
Ifhehadmoveddaddy…"
Mymothermayhavesaidmore,butIdidn'thear.Ididn'thearanything24thoseterriblewords:
Leavemealone.Mydadsaidtheminorderto25himself.Hedidn'twanttobehurtmore.HowmuchhadIhurthim26Ishoutedoutthosewordsathimearlierintheday?
Itwasseveraldayslaterthathewas27abletohaveatalk.Iheldhishandgently,afraidofhurtinghim.
"Daddy…Iamsosorry…"
"It'sokay,sweetheart.I'llbeokay."
"No,"Isaid,"Imeanabout28Isaidtoyouthatday.Youknow,thatmorning?
"
Helookedatmeandsaid,"Sweetheart,Iremember29aboutthatday,notbefore,duringoraftertheaccident.Iremembertellingyougoodnightthenightbefore,though."Hemanagedaweaksmile.
MyEnglishteacheroncetoldmethatwordshavegreatpower.Theycanhurtortheycanheal(治愈).Andweallhavethepowerto30ourwords.Iamgoingtodothatverycarefullyfromnowon.
16.A.goodB.terribleC.peaceful
17.A.thinkingupB.givingupC.lookingup
18.A.commonB.lastC.careless
19.A.ledB.encouragedC.invited
20.A.strictB.angryC.pleased
21.A.letterB.diaryC.note
22.A.accidentB.illnessC.examination
23.A.meB.himC.her
24.A.exceptB.amongC.towards
25.A.hideB.saveC.express
26.A.whenB.untilC.before
27.A.reallyB.finallyC.suddenly
28.A.howB.whyC.what
29.A.somethingB.everythingC.nothing
30.A.keepB.chooseC.understand
2014
Eachofusfailsfromtimetotime.Ifwearewise,havingenoughexperienceandknowledge,weregardthesefailures(失败)asanecessaryand 31 partoflearning.Butoftenasparentsandteachers,wedon't 32 thisright(权利)toourchildren.
Donniewasathirdgraderinmyclass.His 33 aboutfailurekepthimfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenenjoyed.He 34 answeredmyquestions — hewasafraidofmakingmistakes.
Itriedmy best tobuild his self-confidence.Butnothingchanged 35 midterm,whenMary,anewteacher,came.Shewasyoungandpretty,andshewaslovedbyeverystudent36 Donnie.ItwasherwhomadeabigdifferencetoDonnielater.
Onemorning,theyweredoingmathproblemsattheblackboard.Donniehadcopiedtheproblemsclearlyand 37 .Buthe'dmissedthefourthproblemsandbegantocrywithhisheadinhisarms.
Ididn'tknowwhattodo.Suddenly,asmile 38 onMary'sface.Fromthedeskshegota box 39 pencil."Look,Donnie,"shesaidgently,kneeling(蹲在)besidehim."I'vegotsomethingto 40 you."Sheremovethepencils,oneatatime,andplacedthemon his desk.
"Seethesepencils,Donnie,"shecontinued."They 41 MrsLandonandme.Seehowtheerasersareworn(磨损)?
That'sbecausewemakemistakestoo.Butweerasethemistakesandtryagain.That'swhatyou 42 learntodo,too."
Shekissedhimandstoodup,"Here,"shesaid,I'llleaveoneofthesepencilson 43desk,soyou'llrememberthateverybodymakesmistakes,eventeachers."Donnielookedupwith 44 in his eyesandasmile.
ThepencilbecameDonnie'sprize.That,togetherwithMary'sencouragement,graduallymadehimunderstand 45 themeaningofmakingmistakesis — it'sallrighttomakemistakes,aslongasyouerasethemandtryagain.
( )31.A.similar B.active C.important
( )32.A.offer B.pass C.send
( )33.A.puzzle B.worry C.complaint
( )34.A.always B.usually C.seldom
( )35.A.since B.after C.until
( )36.A.including B.except C.without
( )37.A.simply B.carefully C.casually
( )38.A.Appeared B.froze C.disappeared
( )39.A.madeof B.coveredby C.filledwith
( )40.A.tell B.show C.ask
( )41.A.cometo B.referto C.belongto
( )42.A.might B.could C.must
( )43.A.your B.his C.her
( )44.A.hate B.love C.fear
( )45.A.how B.why C.what
2013
When I was a young child, my parents often told me that it was time that taught a man everything. I didn’t understand and wondered why _31_ had such a big influence _32_ a person. I thought I could grow up quickly to find it out as an adult. But now, _33_ I come to knock at the door of adulthood, I feel _34_ to express my own opinion on this saying. I know that I am just a high school student with very few experiences. There are still many things waiting for me in the future, yet I would like to express myself in a childish voice.
I once read this sentence, “To make this world a happy place in which to live, you had better _35_ yourself and your heart, instead of the whole world.” I was shocked. It made me think about _36_ itself. There are so many things around us that _37_ our will. We can’t force life to follow our wishes. The earth won’t stop turning no matter whether we _38_ it or not . What we can do is just to make _39_ suit the world. I think we should learn to accept _40_ life gives us, no matter whether it’s the spring sunlight or the winter snowfall, and try to be happy.
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