浅谈混凝土的施工过程中温度与裂缝控制毕业论文外文文献翻译.docx
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浅谈混凝土的施工过程中温度与裂缝控制毕业论文外文文献翻译.docx
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浅谈混凝土的施工过程中温度与裂缝控制毕业论文外文文献翻译
外文翻译
Discusstheconstructiontemperatureandcrackoftheconcretelightly
Thesummary:
Inordertopreventtheownersoftheconcreteworkofclaims,wemustdoagoodjobintheconstructionprocessinthetemperatureandcrackcontrol,thr-oughobservationliveformanyyears,throughconsultingthemono-graphaboutstresswithintheconcrete,explaintoconcretetemperaturereason,on-the-spotconcretecontrolandmeasure,preventionofcrackoftemperaturethatcrackproduce.
Keyword:
ConcreteTemperaturestressCrackControl
1.Theconcreteoccupiestheimportantpositioninmodernengineeringconstr-uction.Buttoday,thecrackoftheconcreteiscomparativelygeneral,thecracksarenearlyomnipre-sentinthescienceofbridgebuilding.Thoughwetakevariouskindsofmeasuresincons-tructing,careful,butthecrackstilloccursnowandthen.Tracingittoitscause,itisoneofthemincompletelythatourchangetoconcretetemperaturestresspaysattentionto.Inthelargevolumeconcrete,temperaturestressandtemperaturecontrolaresignificant.Thisismainlybecauseoftherea-sonoftworespects.Firstofall,concreteoftenappearthetemperaturecrackinnotconstructing,influencetheglobalityanddurabilityofthestru-cture.Secondly,inthecourseofoperating,thetemperaturechangehasremarkableinfl-uencethatcan'tbeignoredonthestressstateofthestructure.Wemeettoconstructtem-peraturecrackinmainly,soonlytoorigincauseofformationandtreatmentmea-sure,concreteofcrackmakeadiscussioninconstructingthistext.
1.1Reasonofacrack
Havemanykindsofreasonstoproducethecrackintheconcrete,itismainlythe
changesoftemperatureandhumidity,fragilityanddisparityoftheconcrete,andthest-ructureisunreasonable,therawmaterialsisnotuptostandard(ifthealkaliaggregatereact),thetemplateisoutofshape,thefoundationdoesnotsubsideetc.evenly.Thece-mentemitsalargeamountofheatofhydrationwhenthecon-creteishardened,insidete-mperatureisrisingconstantly,causethestressofdr-awingonthesurface.Inthecourseofloweringthetemperature,isitcongealfo-undationpayrestraintomixalwayslaterst-age,willpresentthestressofdrawingwithintheconcrete.Reducingoftemperaturecansurfacecauseheavystressofdrawingveryinconcretetoo.Whenthesedrawthestressandgobeyondresis-tingtheabilityofsplittingofconcrete,namelywillpresentthecrack.
Alotofinsidehumidityofconcretechangeverylightorchangerelativelyslow,sur-facehumiditymightchangeheavytheviolentchangetakesplacing.Suchasmaintainingthoroughly,whengettingwetterwhennotdoing,contractsurfaceth-erearen'tdeforma-tiondoing,oftencausethecracktoo.Theconcreteisakindoffragilitymaterial,tensilestrengthisabout1/10ofthecompressionstrength,isitcarryonone'sshoulderorbackli-mitwhendrawoutofshapetohave*104only,isitcarryonone'sshoulderorbacklimitlocationwhenstretchoutofshapetothereis*104toaddforalongtimetoaddashorttime.Becauserawmaterialseven,waterdustthanunstable,transportandbuildphenol-menonofemanatingofcourse,itstensilestrengthisnoteveninthesameconcrete,alotofresisttheab-ilityofdrawingverylow,itisapttopresenttheweakpositionofthecr-ack.Amongarmoredconcrete,drawstresstoundertakebyreinforcingbarmainly,Con-cretebearstressofkeepingjust.Orreinforcingbarmixifedgepositiongonetotocon-gealpresentthestressofdrawinginthestructureinplainconcrete,mustrelyonthecon-creteoneselftobear.Requiretoavoidthestressofdrawingoronlyverysmallstressofdrawingappearsofthethegeneraldesign.Butthecon-creteiscooledfrommaximumte-mperaturetothesteadytemperatureofoperatingperiodinconstructing,oftencausesiza-bletodrawthestresswithintheconcr-ete.Thetemperaturestresscanexceedotherouts-idesandloadthestressesca-usedso-metimes,knowchangelaw,temperatureofstressf-orcarryonreasonablestruc-turaldesignandconstructextremelyimportant.
1.2Analysisoftemperaturestresses
Canbedividedintofollowingthreestagesaccordingtotheformingprocessofthe
temperaturestress:
(1)Itisearly:
Buildconcreteisitisitoverbasicallytosendoutheattocementtobegin,generallyoneonedaybyoneself.Twocharacteristicsatthisstage,first,thecementemitsalargeamountofheatofhydration,second,mixandcongealthechangingsharplyofel-asticmodelquantity.Becauseofthechangeofelasticmodelquantity,formtheremain-ingstressintheconcreteinthisperiod.
(2)Middleperiod:
Uptilltheconcreteiscooleduntilstabilitytemperaturefromcementsendoutheatfunctionbasicallywhenexpiring,inthisperiod,thetemp-eraturestressismainlybecausethecoolingoftheconcreteandexternaltemp-eraturechangecause,thesestressesandremnantsstressesthatisformedinearlydaysaresuperposed,mixandcong-ealtheelasticmouldamountthatgoestoanddoesnotchangemuchduringthisperiod.
(3)Laterperiod:
Operationperiodafterthecompletecoolingofconcrete.
Temperaturestresswhetherexternaltemperaturechangecausemainly,thesestressesandfirsttwokindsofremnantsstressesarechangedandaddedcanbedividedintotwokindsaccordingtothereasonwhythetemperaturestresscauses:
(1)Spontaneousstress:
Therearenotanyrestraintortotallystaticstructureatt-heborder,ifinsidetemperatureisnon-lineardistribution,temperaturestressap-pearingbecausestr-ucturerestrainsfromeachother.Forexample,thebodyofmoundofthebridge,thephy-sicaldimensionisrelativelylarge,surfacetempera-tureislowwhentheconcreteiscool-ed,insidetemperatureishigh,presentthestressofdrawingonthesurface,presentthest-ressofpressinginthemiddle.
(2)Restrainthestress:
Allofthestructureonesoritrestrainexternalonesomeborde-r,can'toutofshapeandstressnotcausenotfree.Suchascaseroofbeamroofconc-reteandguardrailconcrete.Thistwokindsoftemperaturestressesdrawbackstressescausedtoactonwiththedoingofconcretetogetherfrequently.Itisamorecomplicatedjobtowanttoanalysethedistribution,sizeofthetempe-raturestressaccuratelyaccordingtoknowntemperature.Incaseofgreatmaj-ority,needtorelyonthemodeltestorthenum-bervaluetocalculate.Toitmaketemperaturestresshavesizablelimptocreepconcrete,atthestressaccountingtemperature,mustconsidertheinfluencethatcreep,calculateco-ncretlythatnolongerstatesthinlyhere.
1.3Controlandpreventingthemeasureofthecrackoftemperature
Forpreventcrack,lightentemperaturestresscanfromcontroltemperatureandisitseta-bouttorestraintermsfromtwotoimprove.Themeasureofcontrollingtemperatureisasfollows:
(1)Isitimproveaggregategrademix,isitdorigidconcretetospend,mixmixturetoad-opt,isitguideangrypharmaceuticalorplastificationpharmacy-eutical,etc.measureino-rdertoreducecementconsumptionofconcretetoadd;
(2)Addwaterorthewatertocoolthebrokenstoneinordertoreducetempera-tureofb-uildingoftheconcretewhilemixingandshuttingtheconcrete;
(3)Reducethethicknessofbuildingwhilebuildingtheconcreteonhotday,utilizeandbuildtheaspecttodispeltheheat;
(4)Burythewaterpipeundergroundintheconcrete,enterthecoldwatertolowerthete-mperatureopenly;
(5)Stipulaterationalformremovaltime,thetemperaturekeepswarmthesurfacewhilel-oweringsuddenly,incasethattherapidtemperaturegradienttakesplaceintheconcretesurface;
(6)Theconcretewithmediumandlong-termandexposedconstructionbuildsapieceofsurfaceorthinwallstructure,takethemeasureofkeepingwarmincoldseason;Theme-asureofimprovingconditionofrestrainingis:
(1)Divideandsewanddivideonerationally;
(2)Preventthefoundationfromrisingandfallingtoobig;
(3)Rationalarrangementconstructionprocess,preventthetoobigdiscrepancyinelev-ationandsidefromexposingforalongtime;Inaddition,improvetheper-formanceoftheconcreteandimproveandresisttheabilityofsplitting,strengthenmaintenance,pre-ventthesurfacefrombeingdoneandcontracted,especiallyguaranteethequalityoftheconcreteisveryimportanttopreventingthecrack,shouldpayspecialattentiontoavoi-dingproducingandrunningthroughthecrack,theglobalityresumeditsstructureafterappearingisverydifficult,soshouldrelymainlyonpreventingtheemergenceoftherun-ningthroughcrackwhileconstru-cting.Inconstructionofconcrete,forraiseturnoverra-teoftemplate,demandconcreteformremovalassoonaspossiblethatbuildnewlyoften.Shouldcons-iderformremovaltimeproperlywhenconcretetemperatureishigherthanthetemperature,soasnottocausethesuperficialearlycrackofconcrete.Buildingtheearlyformremovalnewly,causeverylargestressofdrawingonthesurface,thephenol-menonthat"temperatureisassaulted"appears.Buildinitialstageinconcrete,becauseheatofhydrationissentout,thesurfacecausessizabletodr-awthestress,surfacetempe-ratureisalsohigherthantemperatureatthismome-nt,removethetemplateatthismom-ent,surfacetemperatureisloweredsudde-nly,mustcausetemperaturegradient,thusad-danddrawthestressonthesur-face,changeandaddwiththeheatofhydrationstress,inaddition,theconcretedriesandcontracts,thesuperficialstressofdrawingreachesverygreatnumbervalue,havedangerofcausingthecrack,butcoveralight-dutyheatinsul-atorwithonthesurfaceintimeafterremovingthetemplate,forinstancefo
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