学年高三英语一模汇编summary.docx
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学年高三英语一模汇编summary.docx
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学年高三英语一模汇编summary
2019--2020学年高三英语一模概要写作汇编
One【虹口区】
TheZeigarnikEffect
Haveyoueverfoundyourselfthinkingaboutapartiallyfinishedprojectforschoolorworkwhenyouweretryingtofocusonotherthings?
OrperhapsyouwonderedwhatwouldhappennextinyourfavoriteTVshoworfilmseries.Ifyouhave,you’veexperiencedtheZeigarnikeffect.Youtendtorememberunfinishedtasksbetterthanfinishedtasks.KnowledgeoftheZeigarnikeffectcanbeputintouseineverydaylife.
Theeffectisespeciallywellsuitedforhelpingovercomeprocrastinationordelayinganactiontoalatertime.Weoftenputoffbigtasksthatseemoverwhelming.However,theZeigarnikeffectsuggeststhatthekeytoovercomingprocrastinationistojustgetstarted.Thefirststepcouldbesomethingsmallandseeminglyinsignificant.Infact,it’sprobablybestifit’ssomethingfairlyeasy.
TheZeigarnikeffectcanbeusefulforstudentswhoarestudyingforanexam.Theeffecttellsusthatbreakingupstudyperiodscanactuallyimproverecall.Soinsteadofcrammingforanexamallinonesitting,breaksshouldbescheduledinwhichthestudentfocusesonsomethingelse.Thiswillcauseintrusive(侵入的)thoughts,enablingstudentstorehearseandconsolidatetheinformationthatmustberemembered,leadingtobetterrecallwhentheytaketheexam.
TheZeigarnikeffectalsopointstoreasonswhypeoplemayexperiencementalhealthproblems.Ifanindividualleavesimportanttasksincomplete,theintrusivethoughtsthatresultcanleadtostress,anxiety,difficultysleeping,andemotionaldistress.Conversely,completingataskcangiveanindividualasenseofaccomplishmentandleadtoafeelingofclosurethatcanimprovepsychologicalwell-being.
TheZeigarnikeffectcanactuallybeusedtopositivelyimpactyourworkproductivity.
【答案】
TheZeiguvnikEffectisthatyoualwaysrememberunfinishedmatter,whichcanbewellused.Theeffecthelpsyouovercomeprocrastinationandhaveagoodstart.Theeffectiseffectiveforstudentstoimproverecallandrememberthingsbetter.Italsoencouragepeopletofinishworkandimprovepsychologicalwell-being.Itcaninfluenceuspositivelyinallaspect.
【解析】
要点中需要包括:
1.TheZeigarnikEffect的定义2.三个好处
容易出现的问题:
主旨句不清晰;语言不够精炼。
Two【黄浦区】
Online“friends”―athreattodevelopment
Theimpactoftechnologyonthenatureofourfriendshipshasbeenamuch-debatedtopicsincethedramaticriseofsocialnetworks.Advancesinmobiletechnologyandsocialnetworkingwebsitesmeanwespendmoretimeonlinethaneverbefore.Itisthereforenotsurprisingthatsomanypsychologists,sociologists,andothersareeagertogivetheirthoughtsonhowthisisimpactingnegativelyonoursociety.
Thereisoneelementofsocialnetworkingthatisdeeplyworrying.Wefindourselvesinahyper-connectedworldwherepeopleaccesssocialmediadayandnight,excitedtomakeannouncementsaboutthetiniestdetailsoftheirlives.Researchisstartingtoshowthatthiscultureisnegativelyaffectingnotourfriendshipsbutourcharacter.ProfessorLarryD.Rosensaysthatyoungpeoplewhooverusesocialnetworkingsitescanbecomeineffective,aggressive,anddisplayanti-socialbehaviorintheirofflinelives.Butperhapsanevenmoredisturbingeffectisthatoneofourmostbasicemotionsseemstobedisappearing—empathy.Thisistheemotionthatallowsustoseetheworldfromourfriends’pointsofview.Withoutit,wearefarlessabletoconnectandformmeaningfuladultrelationships.
ProfessorSherryTurklesuggeststhatpeoplearenolongercomfortablebeingalone.Thisissomethingconfirmedbyastudywhere200universitystudentswereaskedtogowithoutsocialmediafor24hours.Manyadmittedanaddictiontotheironlinesocialnetwork;mostcomplainedthattheyfeltcutofffromfamilyandfriends.Andyetbeingaloneisatimewhenweself-reflectandgetintouchwithwhowereallyare.Itisonlywhenwedothisthatwecanmakemeaningfulfriendshipswithothers.
Thesepotentialchangesinourcharactersareratheralarming,soitisclearthatwecan’tneglectthosenegativeimpactsofsocialnetworks.
【答案】
Manypeoplethinkadvancesintechnologyandsocialmediahaveanegativeimpactonourfriendships.Itnegativelyaffectsyoungpeople’scharacter.Butevenworse,itmakesourempathydisappear,whichpreventsusfromforminggoodrelationships.Onlywhenwearealonecanwehavemeaningfulfriendships.Soweshouldemphasizeonit.
【解析】
第一段:
许多人认为技术的先进和社交媒体对我们的友谊有一个负面的影响。
第二段:
社交网络的发达会对人们的性格有不好的影响,甚至还会使得我们移情能力变差。
第三段:
只有当我们独处的时候才会寻找到真正有意义的友谊。
第四段:
我们需要重视社交网络对我们的影响。
Three【浦东新区】
HowSupermarketsAreChangingBritain
TheBritishlovetheirsupermarkets.Andtherearemoreandmoreofthemeveryyear.Butisthisagoodthing?
Notnecessarily.Forastart,manysmallshopscan’tcompeteonpricewithsuperstoressuchasTesco.Andtheydon’thaveasmanyproductseither.Asaresult,36%oftheUK’ssmallshopsshutdownbetween1990and1996whilethenumberofsupermarketsincreasedfrom457to1,102.SupermarketshaveevenhadanegativeeffectontheBritishpub.Beerandwineismuchcheaperinasupermarketthaninapub.Therearenowover55,000supermarketsintheUK,butlessthan55,000pubs.Adecadeagothereweremorethan61,000.Thesedays,pubsareclosingattherateof39aweek!
Supermarketsarealsobadforanimalwelfare.TheUKhashighstandardsinthisfield,butsomesupermarketsgettheirmeatfromabroad.Andinmanycases,thismeatisproducedunderconditionsthatwouldbeillegalintheUK.Butoncethey’vegotthemeat,supermarketsputaBritishflagontheproductasthemeatispackedthere.Dishonest?
Notexactly,butitisn’tentirelytrueeither!
Supermarketshaveapoorenvironmentalrecordtoo.Manyofthemdon’tstorefoodproductsthemselvesasstoragespaceisexpensive,sotheygetfoodproducerstodoitforthem.Thismeansthatsupermarketlorrieshavetomakemoretripstocollectsupplies.Inturn,thisincreasestheamountofpetrolused,whichleadstomorepollution.Supermarketsalsousealotofplasticpackaging,whichisn’tgoodfortheenvironmenteither.
So,whatcanbedonetohelpthe“littleguys”?
Notmuchreally.Supermarketshavealotofpower.Manypoliticalpartiesreceivedonationsfromsupermarkets.Andsupermarketsoftenusetheirmoneytoinfluencedecisions.Forexample,justbeforetheyear2000,onesupermarketgavethegovernment£12milliontohelpbuildtheMillenniumDomeinLondon.Later,planstotaxsupermarketcarparksweredropped.
【答案】
SupermarketinBritainareincreasing,whichleadstotheclosingofsmallshopsandpubsbecauseoftheircheaperproducts.SupermarketsalsoprovidemeatthatmaynotmeetthestandardwithaBritishflag.Theycauseairandplasticpollutionbecausetheymakemoretripstocuttheexpenseofstorage.Theyhavemuchpowerbygivingmoneytothegovernment.(60words)(非官方答案)
【分析】
1.要点中需要包括超市的流行对英国产生影响;超市让小商店和酒吧倒闭;超市破坏了市场肉类的标准;④超市破坏了环境;⑤超市拥有更多权力更改重大事项。
2.容易出现的问题是未能抓住文章的主旨大意;缺乏逻辑,文章整体思路混乱。
Four【长宁/金山区】
Cryptocurrency(加密货币)
Makingpaymentsonlineisveryeasythesedaysifyouhaveacreditcardorabankcardthatusedapaymentnetwork.Sendingmoneyonlinetoafriend,youhavetouseapaymentservicelikeGooglePayorPayPal,ormakeabanktransfer.However,thereisusuallyasignificantdelaybeforethereceivercanusethemoney,andtransferscanhavesizeablefees.
In2008,agroupofpeoplepublishedapaperdescribingaprocessthatwouldusecrypto-graph(密码学)tocreateasecureelectroniccashsystem,knownasacryptocurrency.Person-to-personpaymentscouldbemadeonlineusingasharednetworkofcomputersinsteadofabankorotherfinancialorganization.Eachtransactioncouldhappenveryquickly.Thesharednetworkofcomputerswouldalsoserveasthemeanstoconfirmthosetransactionssafely.Gettingridoftheneedforacentralizedbankingsystemwouldopenupthepossibilityforanyonetobecomepartofthedigitaleconomy.
Today,thereareoverathousanddifferentcryptocurrencies.MostarestilltryingtobevalidglobalpaymentsystemslikeBitcoin.Theyareheldbackbyproblemsaffectingtheentirecryptocurrencyindustry.Oneissueisweaksecurityoncryptocurrencywebsiteswhereuserseitherstoretheirelectroniccash.Thewebsitesarestrugglingtoprotecttheirusersfromsuchthefts.
AnotherproblemisthelargenumberoffalsecryptocurrenciesadvertisedontheInternet.TheadvertisementsinviteInternetuserstovisitwebsitesofferingnewcryptocurrencies.Manyvisitorsarepersuadedtobuytheircryptocurrenciesusingactualmoney.Later,thewebsitesdisappearalongwiththevictims’money.Inresponsetothisproblem,companieslikeFacebookandGooglearelimitingcryptocurrencyadvertisingontheirwebsites.
【答案】
Cryptocurrency,aquick,safeandconvenientelectroniccashsystem,isasolutiontoonlinemoneytransfer.However,it'snowchallengedbyproblems.Oneistheweaknessofwebsitesecurity,whichgivescleverthievesopportunities.Theotheristhelosscausedbyfalsecryptocurrencies.Toprotectusers,websitesarefightingagainsttheftsandcompaniesarelimitingcryptocurrencyadvertisements.
【解析】
3.本文是典型的说明文,按说明文的基本框架概括就可以。
要点中需要包括加密货币的定义;网站安全的弱点和假密码造成的损失。
解决办法。
4.容易出现的问题是未能抓住文章的要点;缺乏逻辑,文章整体思路混乱。
Five【徐汇区】
TheDeclineofBiodiversity
Biodiversityistherangeoflivingthingsinanarea.Duringthelast100years,scientistshaveseenagreatdeclineinbiodiversity.Somestudiesshowthatoneineightplantspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction.Itisestimatedthat140,000speciesofplantsarelosteachyear.
Mostoftheextinctionsinthelastthousandyearsareduetohumans.Themaincauseisthechoppingdownoftropi
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