高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第五周星期五天气与自然灾害类I.docx
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高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第五周星期五天气与自然灾害类I.docx
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高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第五周星期五天气与自然灾害类I
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第五周星期五天气与自然灾害类(I)
单词识记:
cause dangerous death storm
terribleblowclimateterrify
floodfreezedisasterforecast
shakeshelterstrikecloudy
panicpourwarmthshower
短语扫描:
be/getcaughtin陷入;被困住
be/getstuckin卡住;陷入
burn...totheground全部焚毁;烧为平地
clearup(天气)转晴;清理;解决
weatherforecast天气预报
set...onfire/setfireto使……燃烧;放火烧……
blowdown吹倒
dryup(河流、湖泊等)干涸
inruins成为废墟;严重受损
beeavictimto成为……的牺牲品
[跟踪训练]
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Ikeptmyfriendbackfromthe(danger)animal.
2.Hesuffered(terrible)allthroughhisillness.
3.Thetidalwaveformeda(terrify)wallofwater.
4.Fourofthemwalkedundera(cloud)skyandallendedupwalkingincircles.
5.Theoldladyreceivedhimwithunusual(warm).
Ⅱ.单项填空
6.Ipreferatablethatcanbewhennotusedsothatitmaysavealotofspace.
A.clearedupB.foldedup
C.fixedupD.takenup
7.Thesharpfallofthestockmarketcauseda.
A.panicB.surprise
C.delightD.hit
8.Thefailurewasabigtohim,buthewasn’tdiscouragedandsoongotasenthusiasticasever.(xx·福建,24)
A.blowB.issue
C.excuseD.factor
9.ShewantedtoaskifhehadnewsofWilliams,butwordsinherthroat.
A.burstB.stuck
C.brokeD.settled
10.Theplanwasinjustbecausepeoplewereunwillingtocooperate.
A.ruinsB.pieces
C.dangerD.trouble
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Likemanynewgraduates,IleftuniversityfullofhopeforthefuturebutwithnorealideaofwhatIwantedtodo.Mydegree,withhonours,inEnglishliteraturehadnotreallypreparedmeforanythingpractical.IknewIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworldsomehow,butIhadnoideahowtodothat.That’swhenIlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject.
IstartedmyjourneyasaLighthouseProjectvolunteerbyreadingasmuchasIcouldabouttheexperiencesofpreviousvolunteers.Iknewitwouldbealotofhardwork,andthatIwouldbeawayfrommyfamilyandfriendsforaverylongtime.Inshort,IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.Neitherdidmyfamily.
Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportfortheduty.IwouldbegoingtoasmallvillagenearAbuja,Nigeria.Where?
What?
Nigeria?
Ihadnoidea.ButIwasabouttofindout.
Afterpletingmytraining,Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmallanddesperatelyinneedofproperacmodation.Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor,theyofferedtheirhomes,hearts,andfoodasifIweretheirownfamily.Iwasaskedtoleadasmallteamoflocalpeopleinbuildinganewschoolhouse.Forthenextyearorso,Itaughtinthatsameschoolhouse.ButIsometimesthinkIlearnedmorefrommystudentsthantheydidfromme.
Sometimeduringthatperiod,Irealizedthatallthosethingsthathadseemedsostrangeorunusualtomenolongerdid,thoughIdidnotgetanywherewiththelocallanguage,andIreturnedtotheUnitedStatesadifferentman.TheLighthouseProjecthadchangedmylifeforever.
1.AccordingtoParagraph2,itismostlikelythattheauthor.
A.discussedhisdecisionwithhisfamily
B.askedpreviousvolunteersaboutvoluntarywork
C.attendedspecialtrainingtoperformdifficulttasks
D.feltsadabouthavingtoleavehisfamilyandfriends
2.Inhisapplicationforthevolunteerjob,theauthor.
A.participatedinmanydiscussions
B.wentthroughchallengingsurvivaltests
C.wrotequiteafewpapersonvoluntarywork
D.facedstrongpetitionfromothercandidates
3.Onarrivalatthevillage,theauthorwas.
A.askedtoleadafarmingteam
B.senttoteachinaschoolhouse
C.receivedwarmlybylocalvillagers
D.arrangedtoliveinaseparatehouse
Ⅱ.任务型阅读
ClimatechangehashadabigimpactonthetimingofriverfloodsacrossEuropeoverthepast50years,accordingtoanewstudy.Insomeregions,suchassouthernEngland,floodsarenowoccurring15daysearlierthantheydidhalfacenturyago.Butthechangesaren’tuniform,withriversaroundtheNorthSeaseeingfloodsdelayedbyaroundeightdays.
Floodscausedbyriversimpactpeoplemorethananyothernaturaldisaster,andtheestimatedglobaldamagesruntoover100billiondollarsayear.Researchershavelongpredictedthatawarmingworldwouldhavedirectimpactsontheseeventsbutuntilnowtheevidencehasbeenhardtoestablish.Floodsareaffectedbymanydifferentfactorsinadditiontorainfall,suchastheamountofmoisture(水分)alreadyinthesoilandotherfactorssuchaschangesinlandusethatcanspeedupwaterrunoff(地表径流)fromhillsides.
Thisnewstudylooksatthisissueinsomedepth,bycreatingaEuropewidedatabaseofobservationsfrom4,262hydrometricstationsin38countries,datingbackto1960.Theanalysisfindsaclearbutpleximpactofclimatechangeonriverflooding.ThemostconsistentchangesareinnortheasternEuropearoundScandinaviawhereearliersnowmeltduetowarmertemperaturesisleadingtoearlierspringfloods.Around50%ofmonitoringstationsareseeingfloodseightdaysearlierthan50yearsago.
ThebiggestchangesareseenalongthewesternedgeofEurope,fromPortugaluptosouthernEngland.Halfofthestationsrecordedfloodsatleast15daysearlierthanpreviously.Aquarterofthestationshaveseenfloodingmorethan36daysearlierthanin1960.Intheseregions,theissueisn’tsnowmelt—it’smoreaboutsoilofhighhumidity(湿度).Maximumrainfalltendstooccurintheautumnandgetsstoredinthesoils.Heavierandearlierrainmeansthatthegroundwaterreachescapacityearlier.
InsouthernEngland,ithasbeenrainingmore,longerandmoreintenselythaninthepast.Thishascreatedarisinggroundwatertableandhighersoilmoisturethanusualandbinedwithintenserainfallthatproducesearlierriverfloods.However,aroundtheNorthSea,intheNetherlands,DenmarkandScotland,thetrendistowardslaterfloods.ThescientistsbelievethisisduetochangesintheNorthAtlanticOscillation(NAO),theweatherphenomenonthatpushesstormsacrosstheoceanintoEurope.TheNAOisdrivenbydifferencesinatmosphericpressurebetweentheIcelandiclowandtheAzoreshigh.Recently,rapidchangesintemperaturesintheArcticareinfluencingthesepressurelevelsandchangingthetrackofthestormsaswell.Accordingtothisstudy,thestormsarearrivinglaterandasaresultsomeriverfloodinghappenslatertoo.Thisstudyshowsclearevidenceoftheimpactsofhumaninducedclimatechangeinmanyregions—buttherearestillsomeareasofuncertainty.Thestudyforeseessubtlebutsignificantimpactsthatcouldarisefromthechangeinfloodtiming.
ClimateChangeHas4.theTimingofEuropeanFloods
Theintroduction
AnewstudyfindsthatclimatechangehashadagreatinfluenceonthetimingofEuropeanfloodsoverthepast50years.
Thebackgroundofthestudy
★Floodswhicharecausedbyriversimpactpeoplemostparedtoothernaturaldisastersandcanleadtoagreat5.loss.
★Thereisapredictionbyresearchersthatclimatechangewould6.influencethetimingofEuropeanfloods,buttherehasbeennoevidencetoprovethat.
★Manydifferentfactorsshould7.forfloods,suchasrainfall,soilmoisture,changesinlanduseandsoon.
Theinformationofthestudy
ThestudylooksintoaEuropewidedatabasebasedon4,262hydrometricstationsin38countries,datingbackto1960.
★InnortheasternEurope,generally,springfloodstendtooccur8.thanbeforeduetothesnowmelt.
★AtthewesternedgeofEurope,halfofthestationsalsowitnessedfloodsearlierthanbeforedueto9.soil.
★InsouthernEngland,earlierfloodshappenformore10.hascreatedarisinggroundwatertableandhighersoilmoisture.
★InNetherlands,DenmarkandScotland,floodsalwayshappenlaterthanbefore,forthe11.arearrivinglater.
Thestudyprovesthatthereisaclear12.betweenhumaninducedclimatechangeandthetimingoffloods.However,theevidenceisn’tstrongenoughtoprovethe13.ofsomeotherareas.
答案精析
高考高频单词与短语识记排查
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.1.dangerous 2.terribly 3.terrifying 4.cloudy5.warmth
Ⅱ.6.B [句意为:
我更喜欢不用的时候能折叠的桌子,这样能节省很多空间。
clearup整理,(天气)转晴,治愈;fixup准备好,修理;takeup占据,开始从事。
foldup折叠,符合题意,故选B项。
]
7.A [causeapanic引起恐慌,符合句意。
]
8.A [考查名词辨析。
句意为:
这次失败对他来说是一次很大的打击,但他没有泄气,很快就变得和以往一样有热情了。
blow打击;issue问题,议题;excuse借口;factor因素。
]
9.B [句意为:
她想要问他有没有威廉姆斯的消息,但是话在嘴边就是说不出来。
根据语境可知,话应该是卡在喉咙口,因此选择B项,stick“卡住”,符合题意。
burst爆发,突然发出;break打破;settle解决,定居。
]
10.A [句意为:
计划毁掉了,因为人们不愿意合作。
inruins毁掉,荒废,成为废墟,符合句意。
inpieces破碎;indanger在危险中;introuble处于困境中,有麻烦。
故选A项。
]
阅读能力专练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者经过重重选拔成为灯塔计划的志愿者。
这段经历让作者学到了许多东西,从而改变了作者的人生。
1.A [推理判断题。
根据第二段最后两句“Inshort,IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.Neitherdidmyfamily.”可推知,作者与家人讨论了他申请灯塔计划的决定。
]
2.D [推理判断题。
根据第三段第二句“Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.”可知,在经过了数不清的面试之后他才被选中,也就是说,为了这份工作,他面临着非常激烈的竞争。
]
3.C [推理判断题。
根据第四段第二句“Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor,theyofferedtheirhomes,hearts,andfoodasifIweretheirownfamily.”可知,虽然村民们很穷,但是他们给作者提供了住所、真情和食物。
说明作者受到了村民的热烈欢迎。
]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了一项研究。
该研究表明欧洲的洪水来临时间和气候变化有明确的联系。
4.Changed/Shifted [信息概括题。
根据全文内容,尤其是第一段中的“ClimatechangehashadabigimpactonthetimingofriverfloodsacrossEuropeoverthepast50years”可知,本文主要讲的是气候变化已改变欧洲的洪水来临时间。
故填Changed/Shifted。
]
5.economic [信息转换题。
根据第二段中的“Floodscausedbyrivers...theestimatedglobaldamagesruntoover100billiondollarsayear.”可知,由河流引起的洪水相对于其他的自然灾害来说对人们的影响最大,每年会造成一千多亿美元的损失,即其造成的经济损失巨大。
故填economic。
]
6.directly [信息转换题。
根据第二段中的“Researchershavelongpredictedthatawarmingworldwouldhavedirectimpactsontheseevents”可知,研究者们早就预测气候变暖会直接影响欧洲的洪水来临时间。
故
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