钢结构彩板屋面漏水质量通病的原因及防治措施 中英文.docx
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钢结构彩板屋面漏水质量通病的原因及防治措施 中英文.docx
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钢结构彩板屋面漏水质量通病的原因及防治措施中英文
钢结构彩板屋面漏水质量通病的原因及防治措施中英文
(一)钢结构彩板屋面漏水质量通病的原因及防治措施
(1)Causesandpreventionmeasuresofcommonwaterleakagequalityproblemsofsteelstructurecolorplateroof
1、屋面板的连接
1.Connectionofroofpanel
钢结构体系建筑屋面板,在屋面上有长向连接和侧向连接2种。
长向连接主要是搭接,即上坡板压下坡板,搭接处设置专用防水密封胶加固定专用压条,而侧向连接的方式,目前主要有以下3种:
Therearetwokindsofsteelstructuresystembuildingroofpanels:
longconnectionandlateralconnection.Thelongconnectionismainlylapjoint,thatis,theupperslopeplatepressesthelowerslopeplate,andthelapjointisprovidedwithspecialwaterproofsealantandfixedspecialpressurestrip.Atpresent,therearemainlythreewaysoflateralconnection:
1)搭接连接把压型钢板搭接边重叠,并用各种螺栓、铆钉或自攻螺钉等连成整体。
该连接又分为带密封胶槽与不带密封胶槽2种,屋面螺钉外露,波峰均比较低。
1)Lapconnectionoverlapsthelapedgeofprofiledsteelplateandconnectsitasawholewithvariousbolts,rivetsorselftappingscrews.Theconnectionisdividedintotwotypes:
withsealantgrooveandwithoutsealantgroove.Theroofscrewsareexposedandthewavepeaksarerelativelylow.
2)暗扣式连接固定支座利用平头自攻螺钉固定在屋面檩条上,再将压型屋面板与固定支座扣合。
屋面无螺钉外露,但由于与檩条直接用螺钉连接而无法控制热胀冷缩的变形。
2)Theconcealedconnectionfixedsupportisfixedontheroofpurlinwithflatheadselftappingscrews,andthentheprofiledroofpanelisbuckledwiththefixedsupport.Therearenoexposedscrewsontheroof,butthedeformationofthermalexpansionandcoldcontractioncannotbecontrolledduetothedirectconnectionwithpurlinwithscrews.
3)咬合暗扣式连接,屋面系统通过滑动支架来固定屋面板,既有利于屋面防水和保持屋面的整体性,又能有效地控制因热胀冷缩引起的变形,该连接形式分180°和360°两种。
3)Snapandsnapconnection.Theroofsystemfixestheroofpanelthroughslidingsupport,whichisnotonlyconducivetoroofwaterproofandmaintainingtheintegrityoftheroof,butalsocaneffectivelycontrolthedeformationcausedbythermalexpansionandcoldcontraction.Theconnectionformisdividedinto180°and360°.
2、漏水原因分析
2.Causeanalysisofwaterleakage
彩钢板维护系统本身具有一定的强度和刚度,材料一般不会漏水,维护系统漏水原因主要在节点处理不当,材料的品质,系统设计的成熟性、完备性,结构构造和安装技术等也都直接影响到围护系统的防水效果。
彩钢板由于受环境、温度的变化而收缩、变形,接口和搭接连接部位产生位移时,密封胶条或硅酮胶与彩板表面粘结处不能同步位移而产生脱离,造成彩钢板屋面漏水。
不同的采光板在相同的时间内其变形和老化的程度也不尽相同。
屋面漏水按原因归结起来主要如下。
Thecolorsteelplatemaintenancesystemitselfhascertainstrengthandstiffness,andthematerialsgenerallydonotleak.Themainreasonsfortheleakageofthemaintenancesystemareimpropertreatmentofnodes,thequalityofmaterials,thematurityandcompletenessofsystemdesign,structuralstructureandinstallationtechnology,whichalsodirectlyaffectthewaterproofeffectoftheenclosuresystem.Thecolorsteelplateshrinksanddeformsduetothechangeofenvironmentandtemperature.Whentheinterfaceandlapjointdisplacement,thesealantstriporsiliconeadhesivecannotmovesynchronouslywiththesurfaceofthecolorsteelplate,resultinginwaterleakageofthecolorsteelplateroof.Differentdaylightingpanelshavedifferentdegreesofdeformationandaginginthesametime.Themaincausesofroofwaterleakageareasfollows.
(1)设计因素
(1)Designfactors
1、《刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程》(CECS102:
98)中规定:
刚架轻型房屋屋面坡度宜取1/8~1/20,屋面坡度过小,屋面雨水不能及时排入天沟,屋面积水而造成屋面渗水现象。
1.Technicalspecificationforsteelstructureofrigidframelighthouses(CECs102:
98)stipulatesthattheroofslopeofrigidframelighthousesshouldbe1/8~1/20.Theroofslopeistoosmall,andtheroofrainwatercannotbedischargedintothegutterintime,resultinginroofwaterseepage.
2、缺少节点设计,选用节点做法不当,屋脊处女儿墙高度不够,伸出屋面的管道、排气道位置不妥或高度不够,以至影响防水层施工困难。
2.Lackofnodedesign,improperselectionofnodes,insufficientparapetheightattheridge,improperorinsufficientpositionorheightofpipesandexhaustductsextendingoutoftheroof,soastoaffecttheconstructionofwaterprooflayer.
3、板型选择不当,对于暗扣式和咬合式的板型,只要现场安装得当,一般不会有太大的问题。
如果选用直接用自攻螺钉连接的板型,即使现场处理得很好,防水胶做的也很到位,但由于面板具有热胀冷缩的性能,同样也会出现漏水现象。
3.Improperselectionofplatetype.Aslongastheplatetypesofconcealedbuckleandbiteareinstalledproperlyonsite,therewillnotbemuchproblem.Iftheplatetypedirectlyconnectedwithselftappingscrewsisselected,evenifthefieldtreatmentisverygoodandthewaterproofglueisinplace,waterleakagewillalsooccurbecausethepanelhastheperformanceofthermalexpansionandcoldcontraction.
4、屋面孔洞设计时考虑不周。
不得在施工时现场随便割孔割洞,孔洞防水要做好。
4.Thedesignofroofholesisnotwellconsidered.Itisnotallowedtocutholesattheconstructionsite,andtheholewaterproofshallbedonewell.
5、围护部分彩板过薄,经过一段时间的使用,外板腐蚀或者受温度影响变形,板之间缝隙增大。
5.Thecolorplateoftheenclosureistoothin.Afteraperiodofuse,theouterplatecorrodesordeformsundertheinfluenceoftemperature,andthegapbetweentheplatesincreases.
6、屋面雨水系统未按规范设置溢流措施,暴雨强度超过雨水系统排放能力时就会超过搭接缝,甚至漫上屋面,造成事故。
6.Theroofrainwatersystemisnotprovidedwithoverflowmeasuresaccordingtothespecifications.Whentherainstormintensityexceedsthedrainagecapacityoftherainwatersystem,itwillexceedthelapjointandevenoverflowontotheroof,resultinginaccidents.
7、落水管数量不足,雨水沿天沟流动距离远,时间长,造成积水;墙面外板上部未增设L型收边件,天沟内侧存在漏水隐患。
7.Thenumberofdownpipesisinsufficient,andtherainwaterflowsalongthegutterforalongtime,resultinginponding;L-shapededgeclosingpieceisnotaddedattheupperpartoftheouterplateofthewall,andthereisahiddendangerofwaterleakageattheinnersideofthegutter.
8、彩钢泛水配件设计不合理,达不到防水效果。
8.Thedesignofcolorsteelflashingaccessoriesisunreasonableandcannotachievewaterproofeffect.
9、规范规定构件变形控制值,檩条挠度L/180,屋面梁挠度L/180(式中L为受弯构件的跨度),屋面檩条截面设计太小、间距过大,在风荷载作用下檩条和压型板变形就会过大。
9.Thespecificationspecifiesthecontrolvalueofmemberdeformation,purlindeflectionL/180,roofbeamdeflectionL/180(wherelisthespanofbendingmember).Ifthesectiondesignofroofpurlinistoosmallandthespacingistoolarge,thedeformationofpurlinandprofiledplatewillbetoolargeunderwindload.
10、未充分考虑结构变形、温差变形、干缩变形、振动等影响,设防不满足基层变形的需要。
10.Theeffectsofstructuraldeformation,temperaturedifferencedeformation,dryshrinkagedeformationandvibrationarenotfullyconsidered,andthefortificationdoesnotmeettheneedsofbasedeformation.
(2)施工因素
(2)Constructionfactors
1)施工过程中对屋面围护不注意保护,随意踩踏屋面,破坏了屋面的平整度,甚至出现裂纹,密封胶量不足,位置不正确,打拉铆钉过多,并且未进行防水处理。
)
1)Duringtheconstructionprocess,theroofenclosureisnotprotected,andtheroofistrampledatwill,whichdestroystheflatnessoftheroof,evencracks,insufficientsealant,incorrectposition,toomanypullingrivets,andnowaterprooftreatment.)
2)天沟不进行防腐,在进行天沟防腐时,只是刷防锈漆或者沥青漆,使用一段时间后,天沟腐蚀严重。
2)Thegutterisnotsubjecttoanti-corrosion.Whenthegutterissubjecttoanti-corrosion,itisonlypaintedwithantirustpaintorasphaltpaint.Afterbeingusedforaperiodoftime,thegutterisseriouslycorroded.
3)钢结构厂房屋面板,因跨度过大,屋面板存在搭接,虽然在搭接等处采用了聚氨酯密封胶和缝合钉等处理,但安装时往往很难达到设计理论标准,导致漏雨。
3)Becauseofthelargespanofthehousepanelsinthesteelstructureplant,theroofpanelsareoverlapped.Althoughpolyurethanesealantandsuturenailsareusedattheoverlappedplaces,itisoftendifficulttomeetthedesigntheoreticalstandardsduringinstallation,resultinginrainleakage.
4)天沟横向没有坡度,制作时至少应留0.5%的坡度。
4)Thegutterhasnotransverseslope,andaslopeofatleast0.5%shallbereservedduringfabrication.
5)关键节点部位施工马虎。
女儿墙等根部阴角没有按规定作成圆弧或圆弧太小,卷材端边收头密封不严,上口白铁皮变形,固定点稀少加之密封材料封口不好,伸出屋面的管道根部堵洞不严,管道四周找平层没有高出附近找平层,防水层泛水高度不够。
保温层施工遇雨,排气槽堵塞,排气孔设置不合理,造成保温层长期浸水。
刚性屋面产生裂缝,分割缝处防水密封膏与缝侧壁粘结不牢而渗水。
5)Theconstructionofkeynodesiscareless.Theinternalcornersoftheparapetandotherrootsarenotmadeintoanarcasrequiredorthearcistoosmall,theendsealingofthecoilisnottight,thewhiteironsheetattheuppermouthisdeformed,thefixedpointsarerare,coupledwiththepoorsealingofthesealingmaterials,theholeblockingattherootofthepipeextendingoutoftheroofisnotstrict,thelevelinglayeraroundthepipeisnothigherthanthenearbylevelinglayer,andtheflashingheightofthewaterprooflayerisnotenough.Incaseofrainduringtheconstructionoftheinsulationlayer,theexhaustslotisblockedandtheexhaustholeissetunreasonably,resultinginlong-termwaterimmersionoftheinsulationlayer.Therigidroofhascracks,andthewaterproofsealantatthesplitjointisnotfirmlybondedwiththesidewallofthejoint,resultinginwaterseepage.
(3)构造因素
(3)Structuralfactors
1)房屋在使用过程当中随意增加荷载,导致屋面板变形。
特别是在屋面檩条上随意增加荷载,檩条变形,导致屋面积水。
1)Duringtheuseofthehouse,theloadisarbitrarilyincreased,resultinginthedeformationoftheroofslab.Inparticular,theloadisarbitrarilyincreasedontheroofpurlin,resultinginpurlindeformation,resultinginwaterintheroofarea.
2)防水胶、密封胶老化,使用工程中缺少必要维护。
2)Thewaterproofglueandsealantareagingandlackofnecessarymaintenanceduringuse.
3)堵头对由于风力造成的漏水是有作用的,不应忽视,须保证彩钢板与屋脊盖板堵头安装到位,采光板与屋脊盖板间堵头下部应打硅酮密封胶,屋面风机处彩钢板波峰端部设置钢堵头。
3)Theplugplaysaroleinwaterleakagecausedbywindforceandshouldnotbeignored.Itisnecessarytoensurethattheplugofcolorsteelplateandridgecoverplateisinstalledinplace.Siliconesealantshallbeappliedatthelowerpartoftheplugbetweendaylightingplateandridgecoverplate,andsteelplugshallbesetatthewavecrestendofcolorsteelplateatrooffan.
4)搭接时缝隙容易受温度影响变大,应充分留够搭接长度。
4)Whenlapping,thegapiseasilyaffectedbytemperature,andsufficientlappinglengthshallbereserved.
5)水宜疏不宜堵,一般安装时在钢板内侧打密封胶。
5)Thewatershallbedrainedratherthanblocked.Generally,sealantshallbeappliedontheinnersideofthesteelplateduringinstallation.
6)必须足够重视钢结构屋面围护系统热胀冷缩的不利影响,采取合理的构造措施。
6)Wemustpayenoughattentiontotheadverseeffectsofthermalexpansionandcoldcontractionofsteelstructureroofenclosuresystem,andtakereasonablestructuralmeasures.
(4)材料因素
(4)Materialfactors
1)雨水管材用塑料管材,强度差,钢结构厂房从安装到投产运
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