英国文学史知识梳理知识讲解.docx
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英国文学史知识梳理知识讲解.docx
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英国文学史知识梳理知识讲解
英国文学史知识梳理
1、TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(449-1066)
Theliterature:
Twodivisions:
paganandChristian
TheSongofBeowulf:
theeventswhichtookplaceontheContinentatthebeginningofthe6thCentury,Thepoemtellsofahero,aScandinavianprincenamedBeowulf,whoridstheDanesofthemonsterGrendel,halfmanandhalffiend,andGrendel'smother,whocomesthateveningtoavengeGrendel'sdeath.FiftyyearslaterBeowulf,nowkingofhisnativeland,fightsadragonwhohasdevastatedhispeople.BothBeowulfandthedragonaremortallywoundedinthefight.ThepoemendswithBeowulf'sfuneral.
Theme:
theprimitivepeople’sstruggleagainsthostileforcesofthenaturalworldunderawiseandmightyleader.
2、TheAnglo-NormanPeriod(1066-1350)
TheLiterature:
TheliteraturewhichtheybroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesofloveandadventure(Romance),inmarkedcontrastwiththestrengthandsomberness(朴实无华)ofAnglo-Saxonpoetry(Epic).
ExplanationofSirGawainandGreenKnight:
Twomotifs(主题)1.Thetestoffaith,courage,purity2.Thetestofhumanweaknessforself-preservation
3、GeoffreyChaucer(1340?
-1400)
Characteristics①Hisallegoriesandsymbolsarealreadytingedwithrealisticimages②Chaucer’spoemisdistinguishedforitsprofounddelineationofcharacterandtruthfuldescriptionofhumanrelations.
TheCanterburyTales:
TheHost(HarryBaily)proposesastorytellingcontesttopassthetime;eachofthe30pilgrims(includingthepoet)istotellfourtalesontheroundtrip.
MajorWork:
1.TheLegendofGoodWomen好女人的故事2.TheHouseofFame声誉殿堂
3.TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集4.TroilusandCressida特洛伊勒斯和克莱西
5.TheParliamentofFowls百鸟会议
4、TheRenaissance(16thCentury)
Twofeatures:
1.Athirstingcuriosityforclassicalliterature.2.Thekeeninterestinlifeandhumanactivities.
1.WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)
ThreePeriodsofhisDramaticCareeranditscharacteristics
(1)theyearsfrom1590to1600,arecharacterizedfromadegreebyformalandratherobviousconstructionandbystylizedversetohighlyindividualized.
Comedies:
1)TheMerchantofVince,威尼斯商人2)AMidsummerNight’sDream,仲夏夜之梦TwelfthNight,第十二夜3)AsYouLikeIt.(皆大欢喜)4)TheComedyofErrors,5)TheMerryWivesofWindow,theyearsfrom1601to1608,themostprofoundofhisworks.
Tragedies:
1)Hamlet哈姆雷特2)KingLear李尔王3)Macbeth麦克白4)Othello奥赛罗5)RomeoandJuliet罗密欧与朱丽叶6)TimonofAthens.(雅典的泰门)theperiodfrom1609-1612,principalromantictragicomedies.
TheThemesofHamlet:
newthemes:
1.theimpossibilityofcertainty;2.thecomplexityofaction;3themysteryofdeath;4.itsexplorationintoman’sinnerworld,intohumanpsychologythroughaseriesofsoliloquy(自言自语,独白).
TraditionalaspectsofThemes:
1.Hesitation:
2.InheritedSinandCorruption(人生而有罪和堕落):
3.SonsSeekingRevenge4.Deception:
DeceptionmakesupamajormotifinHamlet.5.Ambition6.Loyalty:
7.Madness8.EmptyExistence
FeaturesofShakespeare’sDrama:
1).oneofthefoundersofrealisminworldlit.2)Skilledinmanypoeticforms.3).AgreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage
Petrarchansonnet:
Theoctaveiseightlineslong,andtypicallyfollowsarhymeschemeofABBAABBA,orABBACDDC.Thesestetoccupiestheremainingsixlinesofthepoem,andtypicallyfollowsarhymeschemeofCDCDCD,orCDECDE.
Shakespeareansonnet:
ABABCDCDEFEFGGThesonnet18,16
TheSpencerianSonnet:
ABABBCBCCDCDEEOnHisBlindness
2.FrancisBacon(1561-1626)
Majorworks:
1)AdvancementofLearning学术的进展2)NewInstrument新工具3)NewAtlantis新大西岛;4)Essays随笔(OfTruth;OfFriendship;OfStudies论学习;OfWisdomforaMan’sSelf)
五、ThePeriodofRevolution&Restoration(17thCentury)
Literarycharacteristics:
Confusion;Absenceofanyfixedstandardofliterarycriticism;
1.JohnDonne(1572-1631)Metaphysicalpoets
AValediction:
forbiddingmourning
Theme:
Real,completeloveunitesnotonlythebodiesofahusbandandwifebutalsotheirsouls.Suchspiritualloveistranscendent,metaphysical,keepingtheloverstogetherintellectuallyandspirituallyeventhoughthecircumstancesofeverydaylifemayseparatetheirbodies.
Imagery:
Thecircle1.Marriagering2.Pathoftheplanets3.Pathdescribedbyacompass
ThecompassPlanetarytrepidationEarthquakesThegoldValuable,noble,difficulttodestroy
Threekindsofpoets.Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人),Cavalierpoet(保皇派诗人),theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).
Literaryterm:
Metaphysicalpoetry(玄学派诗歌)
2.JohnMilton(1608-1674)AnEnglishPoet
1)ParadiseLost(masterpiece)《失乐园》2)ParadiseRegained《复乐园》3)SamsonAgonistes
《力士参孙》4)Lycidas《利西达斯》5)Areopagitica《论出版自由》6)OntheMorningofChrist’sNativity《基督诞生晨颂》7)L’Allegro《快乐的人》8)OfReformationinEngland《论英国改革》9)DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce《离婚的戒律与学说》10)Penseroso《幽思的人》11)Comus《科玛斯》
ParadiseLost:
ItisaboutSatan’srebellionagainstGodandtheexpulsion(驱逐)ofAdamandEvefromtheGardenofEden.
Theme:
ThethemeofthepoemisarevoltagainstGod’sauthority
OnHisBlindness:
theme:
GodjudgeshumansonwhethertheylaborforHimtothebestoftheirability.
六、TheAgeofEnlightenmentinEngland(The18thCentury)
1.DanielDefoe:
ThefatheroftheEnglishfiction(英国小说之父)
Majorworks:
1)TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》2)CaptainSingleton《辛格顿船长》3)MollFlanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》4)AJournalofthePlagueYear《大疫年日记》5)Roxana《罗克萨娜》
THEADVENTURESOFROBINSONCRUSOE
Theme:
thepoweroftheaveragemantopreservelifeandtoorganizeeconomyinthefaceofunpromisingenvironment.
2.JonathanSwift(1667-1745)OneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose;十八世纪杰出的政治家和讽刺小说家
MajorWorks:
1)ATaleofaTub《一个木桶的故事》2)BattleoftheBooks《书籍之战》3)JournaltoStella《给斯黛拉的信》4)TheDrapier’sLetters《布商的信》5)AModestProposal《一个温和的建议》
Gulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》:
Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛国Houyhnhnm马岛国
Swiftstyle:
simple,clear,vigorouslanguage;directandpreciseprose;amastersatirist;deadly(非常有效的)irony;powerfulsatire.
3.RobertBurns(1759-1796):
ScottishpoetandwriteroftraditionalScottishfolksongs.
1)ARedRedRose一朵红红的玫瑰2)AuldLongnSyne往昔时光3)JohnAnderson,MyJo约翰爱德生,我的爱人4)AMan’saManforAThat不管那一套5)MyHeart’sintheHighlands我的心在那高原上
七、The19thRomantic
HistoryBackground:
(1).IndustrialRevolutionandFrenchRevolutionhadastronginfluenceinBritainliterature.
(2)Fightingfor“Liberty,EqualityandFraternity”alsobecomesBritishnationalspirit.
1.WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)与SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey同被称为LakePoets(湖畔诗人)
Characteristics:
Wordsworth’spoetryisdistinguishedbypurityandsimplicityofhislanguagewhichwasspokenbythepeasantswhoconveytheirfeelingsandemotionsinsimpleandunelaborated(坦率的)expressions.
MajorWork:
LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey“丁登寺杂咏”
WanderedLonelyasaCloud“我独自漫游像一朵浮云”ThePrelude序曲
TheExcursion远足LyricalBalas抒情歌谣集TheSolitaryReaper”“孤独的收割者”
2.GeorgeGordonByron(1788-1824))heisoneofthemostexcellentrepresentativesofEnglishRomanticismandoneofthemostinfluentialpoetsofthetime.
Majorworks:
1)HoursofIdleness(1807)《闲暇时刻》
2)TheEnglishBardsandScottReviewers(1809)《英国诗人和苏格兰评论家》
3)ChildHaroldPilgrimage(1sttwocantos1812,thelatercantos1816-1818)《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》writteninSpenserianstanza.4)TheGiaour《异教徒》5)Lara(1814)《莱拉》
6)TheCorsair(1814)《海盗》7)DonJuan(1819-1824)《唐璜》masterpiece8)TheVisionofJudgment《审判的幻景》9)Cain该隐10)ShewalksinBeauty她走在美的光影里
Thecharacteristicofhispoems:
Byron’spoemsshowenergyandvigor,romanticdaring(bold,brave)andpowerfulpassion.
3.PersyByssheShelly:
oneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoets.
Majorworks:
1)Zastrozzi,《柴斯特罗齐》2)TheNecessityofAtheism,《无神论的必要性》
3)QueenMab,《仙后麦布》4)PrometheusUnbound,《解放了的普罗米修斯》
5)“TheOdestotheWestWind”,“西风颂6)TheMasqueofAnarchy,《暴政的行列》
7)ADefenceofPoetry,《诗之辩护》8)TheTriumphofLife,《革命的胜利行列》
4.JohnKeats“Beautyistruth,truthbeauty”.
Majorworks:
1)“OSolitude”,“孤寂”2)“OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”,“初读查普曼译荷马史诗”3)Poems,《诗集》,hisfirstbook.4)Endymion,《恩底弥翁》hisfirstlongpoem.5)Isabella,《伊莎贝拉》6)Hyperion,《许佩里翁》7)Lamia,《莱米亚》.
Thegreatodes:
(1)OnaGrecianUrn,“希腊古瓮颂”.
(2)ToPsyche,“心灵颂”.(3)OnMelancholy,“哀感”.(4)ToAutumn,“秋颂”.
Thecharacteristicofhispoetry,characterizedbyexactandclosely-knitconstruction,sensualdescriptions,andbyforceofimagination,givestranscendentalvaluestothephysicalbeautyoftheworld.
5.JaneAustin:
oneoftherealisticnovelists.
Majorworks:
NorthangerAbbey《诺桑觉寺》SenseandSensibility《理智与情感》
PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》MansfieldPark《曼斯菲尔德花园》
.Emma《爱玛》Persuasion《劝告》
Thecharacteristicofhernovel:
1)Shedrewvividandrealisticpicturesofeverydaylifeofthecountrysociety2)mainconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelations,humanbeingswiththeirfamiliesandneighbors3)Storiesofloveandmarriage
PrideandPrejudice:
Mainidea:
Thebookmainlytellsthelovestorybetweenarich,proudyoungmanDarcyandthebeautifulandintelligentElizabethBennet.Noneofthedaughtersofthewealthyfamilycaninherittheestate(property)ofthefamilyforithasbeenentailed(把遗产留给)uponthenearestmaleheir,WilliamCollins.CollinsintendstomarryandhedecidestochooseElizabeth.ButElizabethrejectshisproposal.WhenanotheryoungmancalledDarcyproposestoElizabeth,shehasprejudiceagainsthimbecauseshethinksthathehasnothingbutpride.Aftermanytwistsandturns,misunderstandingdisappearsandtheyarehappilyunited.
Theme:
1)prideandprejudice2)loveandmarriage
八、TheVictorianAge
TheMainlythreekindsofliteratureanditscharacteristics
1)theChartistliterature2)EnglishCriticalRealism3)Victorianpoetry
1.CharlesDickens
Majorworks:
1)OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》2)ThePickwickPapers«匹克威克外传»
3)
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