语言学概论复习题.docx
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语言学概论复习题.docx
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语言学概论复习题
注:
我把重复的题目删掉了,选择题的答案,名词解释,问答题参考的书本页码也随这个文档一起上传了。
1.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownas()areexpectedin,say,achurchsermon,adiplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.
A.registersB.styles
C.dialectsD.accents
2.()isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.
A.PsycholinguisticsB.Sociolinguistics
C.LinguisticsD.Semantics
3.Chomskyusestheterm()torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.
A.langueB.competence
C.paroleD.performance
4.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby()in1957.
A.L.BloomfieldB.F.Saussure
C.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday
5.Naturallanguagesareviewedtovaryaccordingto()setonUGprinciplestoparticularvalues.
A.AdjacentConditionB.parameters
C.CaseConditionD.Caserequirement
6.Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich“girl”and“lass”belongiscalled()synonyms.
A.stylisticB.dialectal方言
C.emotiveD.collocation
7.()motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.
A.InstrumentalB.Functional
C.Integrative综合的D.Social
8.AccordingtoAustin,aspeaker,whilemakinganutterance,isinmostcasesperforming()actssimultaneously.同时 (A)two (B)three (C)four (D)five
9.Themajorcomponentsofatransformationalgrammarare()
(A)syntactic,phonological,andsemantic (B)base,deepstructure,andsurfacestructure
(C)deletion,copying,addition,andreordering (D)generationandtransformation
10.ThepurposeofChomsky’sdefinitionistofocusattentiononthepurely()propertiesoflanguage,andthesepropertiescanbestudiedfromamathematicallyprecisepointofview.
A.lexicalB.grammatical
C.semanticD.structural
11.Werefertothelimitedrangeofsoundsasthephonicmediumoflanguageandindividualsoundswithinthatrangeas().
A.vowelsB.consonants
C.soundsD.speechsounds
12.A(n)()referstotheexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.
A.rootB.stem
C.affixD.morpheme
13.Allsentencesinalllanguagescanberepresentedbyconstituentstructuretrees,andallhavesyntacticrulesthatdeterminethelinearorderofwordsandtheir()structure.
A.linearB.hierarchical分等级的
C.constituentD.syntactic
14Insemanticanalysisofasentence,a(n)()isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelementinasentence.
A.argumentB.subject
C.objectD.predicate
15.SpeakerA:
Canyouanswerthetelephone?
SpeakerB:
I’minthebath.
SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof().
A.quantityB.quality
C.relationD.manner
16.Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbytheremovalofasuffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword.Suchaprocessiscalled(),e.g.,caretakefromcaretaker.
A.back-formation逆构法B.clipping
C.blendingD.abbreviating
17.Itisinsulting侮辱toawomantobecalledaspinster,butitisnotinsultingtoamantobecalledabachelor.Thereisnothinginherently固有的()aboutthewordspinster.Theconnotationsreflectthesexistviewssocietyhasaboutanunmarriedwomanasopposedtoanunmarriedman.
A.importantB.unusual
C.pejorative轻蔑的D.commendatory
18.Humanlinguisticabilitydependsprimarilyonhuman().
A.brainB.vocalcords
C.tongueD.articulatoryorgans
19.Inthe()stage,childrenbegintoproducelongerutteranceswithmorecomplexgrammaticalstructures.
A.prelinguisticB.one-word
C.two-wordD.multi-word
20.Thetone,definedaspitchvariation,isanimportantsuprasegmentalfeatureoftonelanguagessuchas().
A.ChineseB.English
C.ChineseandEnglishD.EnglishandFrench
21.Voicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationof().
A.thevelumB.thevocalcords
C.theglottisD.theuvula
22.Thewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalled().
A.boundmorphemesB.affixes
C.freemorphemesD.roots
23.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalled().
A.phasestructurerulesB.syntacticrules
C.lexicalrulesD.transformationalrules
24.Thenamingtheorywasproposedby().
A.theGreekscholarPlatoB.C.K.OgdenandI.A.Richards
C.theBritishlinguistJ.FirthD.theAmericanlinguistL.Bloomfield
25.Speechacttheorywasfirstproposedby().
A.JohnAustinB.JohnSearle
C.NoamChomskyD.JohnFirth
26.()linguisticsreferstothestudyofalanguageorlanguagesatasinglepointintime,withoutreferencetoearlierorlaterstages.
A.DiachronicB.Synchronic限于一时的
C.HistoricalD.Comparative
27.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownas()areexpectedin,say,achurchsermon,adiplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.
A.registersB.styles
C.dialectsD.accents
29.Ingeneral,children’sholophrasticsentencesbegin().
A.inthelatepartofthefirstyearortheearlypartofthesecondyear
B.inthesecondhalfofthesecondyear
C.betweentwoandthreeyearsold
D.betweenfourandfiveyearsold
40.Saussureused( )torefertotheabstract抽象的linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.performanceB.parole
C.langueD.competence
41.InEnglish,aphonememayberepresentedbytwoormoreallophones.Thechoiceoftheallophoneis( )
A.randomB.rule-governed
C.haphazardD.unpredictable
42.Inword-formation,a( )isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.
A.phonemeB.word
C.compoundD.morpheme
43.A( )categoryusuallyreferstoawordorphrasethatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction,suchasthesubjectorpredicateinasentence.
A.lexicalB.phrasal
C.syntacticD.phonetic
44.Inthefollowingpairsofwords,( )areapairofrelationalopposites.
A.”“buyand“sell”B.“male”and“female”
C.“hot”and“cold”D.“alive”and“dead”
45.Theillocutionarypointof( )hasthecharacteristicthatthesuccessfulperformanceofanactofthiskindbringsaboutthecorrespondencebetweenwhatissaidandreality.
A.directivesB.declarations
C.commissivesD.representatives
46.OldEnglishhadarichcase-endingsystem,e.g.,OldEnglishnounhadfourcases,i.e.,nominative,genetive,dativeand( ).
A.possessiveB.vocative
C.accusative宾格的D.locative
47.( )dialectsarecharacteristicofaparticulartypeoflinguisticactivityandappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.
A.SocialB.Ethnic
C.RegionalD.Situational
48.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageoftenbillionnervecellscalled( ).
A.nervefibersB.nerves
C.neurons神经元D.cerebralcortex
49.Bythetimechildrenaregoingbeyondthe( )stage,theybegintoincorporatesomeoftheinflectionalmorphemes.
A.telegraphicB.multiword
C.two-wordD.one-word
1.syntax
2.componentialanalysis
3.boundmorpheme
4.morphology
5.secondlanguageacquisition
6.appliedlinguistics
7.homonymy
8.bilingualism
9.linguistics
10.culturaltransmission(asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage)
11.language
12.semantics
1.AccordingtoJohnAustin’snewmodel,pleaseillustratethethreespeechactsaspeakermightbeperformingsimultaneouslywhenspeaking.
2.Whatarethemainfeaturesofhumanlanguages?
3.Howislanguagerelatedtosociety?
4.Whatdoespragmaticsstudy?
Howdoesitdifferfromtraditionalsemantics?
5.WhatisregisterasusedbyHalliday?
Illustrateitwithanexampleofyourown.
6.WhatarethefourmaximsoftheCP?
Trytogiveyourownexamplestoshowhowfloutingthesemaximsgiverisetoparticularizedconversationalimplicature?
Maximofquantitymaximofqualitymaximofrelationmaximofmanner
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