阅读课学案语言知识.docx
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阅读课学案语言知识.docx
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阅读课学案语言知识
Unit3Scienceandnature
Reading
Thesecondperiod
Languagepoints
1.Ontheonehand,somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo,youcan…
__________________,manypeople,________somescientists,disagreeandfearthatifmankind_____________natureinthisway,theymaybe_________________________________areal-lifeFrankenstein’smonster.(Lines2-7)另一方面,包括一些科学家在内的许多人则持不同意见,他们担心如果人类用这种方式干涉自然,那就可能离制造一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物不远了。
①on(the)onehand…ontheother(hand)…一方面…另一方面…
Ononehand,rapiddevelopmentoftheeconomywillimprovethelivingconditionsofthepeople.Ontheotherhand,itwillspeedupenvironmentaldestruction.
(短语)athand在手边,在附近
byhand亲手,手工
inhand手头现有的,正在进行,在处理
handinhand手拉手
Handsup!
举起手来!
Handsoff!
请勿动手!
不许干涉
②pointout指出
Hepointedoutmymistake.他指出我的错误。
pointat/pointto指着,指向某人或某物(两个词组可互换使用)
Hepointedat/toapicture.
pointat对准,瞄准(某人用枪对准某人某物等)
Theypointedatherheadbutshewasnotafraid.
pointto表明,指向(主语为证据、时针以及宾语为某一方向时)
Theevidencepointstohimasthecriminal.
Thehandsoftheclockpointedtohalfpastthree.
Thecompassneedlepointstothenorth.
toywith戏弄;摆弄,轻率地对待
Shetoyedwithherpencilwhileshelistenedonthephone.
Youshouldn’ttoywithgreatissues.
Hetoyedwiththeideaofwritingaplay.
onone’s(the)waytodoingsth.“正在做某事的过程中;即将,快要”.to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词短语
onone’s/thewaytosomething/doingsomething快要,将(closetodoingsomething)
1)I’mwellonthewaytocompletingthereport.我就快把报告写好了。
3)Heisonthewaytobecomingadoctor.他就要成为医生了。
2)Morechangesareontheway.更多的变化就要发生了。
(短语)onone’s(the)wayto在去…的途中
bytheway顺便问问,顺便说说
bywayof途经
inaway在某种意义上,在某种程度上
inone’s(the)way挡路
inthisway用这种方式
inanyway无论怎样
(练习)
I’vejustheardawarning______theradiothatastormmaybe______itsway.
A.on,onB.over,inC.on,aboveD.from,on
2.However,ingeneralthescientistswerepraisedfortheirwonderfulscientificadvance.(Line12-13)然而,总体来说,这些科学家还是因为其杰出的科学进展获得人们的赞誉。
①ingeneral一般说来,从总体上看,大体上
Ingeneral,redisthemostpopularcolorthisseason.
(短语)inageneralway一般,通常
asageneralrule在一般情况下
generallyspeaking一般来说
②praise(vi.&vt.&n.)表扬,赞扬,表彰
(短语)winhighpraise受到高度赞扬
inpraiseof赞扬(某人)
beyondallpraises赞美不尽的,赞不绝口的
beloudinsb.’spraise对某人极力称赞
praisesb.forsth.因某事而赞美/称赞某人
(练习)他因在数学考试中得了满分而受到表扬。
(bepraisedfor)
HewaspraisedforgettingfullmarksintheMathsexam.
他做了一个赞美学校生活的演讲。
Hegaveaspeechinpraiseofschoollife.
他的基因研究受到了高度赞扬。
Hewashighly/greatlypraisedforhisresearchongenes.
3.However,somepeoplebelievethatcloninghumanembryoswiththeintentionofdestroyingthemshowsnorespectforhumanlife.(Line18-20)但是,有些人认为怀着摧毁人类胚胎的意图来克隆人类胚胎是对人类生命的不尊重。
withtheintentionof为了,以…为目的或意图
HehasdecidedtogoabroadtostudywiththeintentionofimprovinghisEnglishandfindingabetterjobwhenhereturns.
intentionn.意图,目的,打算,企图
Whatdoyouthinkwastheauthor’sintentioninthispassage?
Itwasn'tmyintentiontofoolyou.
Haveyouheardofherintentiontoresign?
Theyhavenointentionofgettingmarriedatpresent.
Ibeganreadingwiththeintentionoffinishingthebook,butIneverdid.
(词组)withoutintention无意地
byintention故意地
withgoodintention善意地,诚意地
withtheintentionof为了,以…为目的
makeone’sintentionclear说清楚自己的目的
state/announceone’sintention声明自己的意图
intendv.想要;打算
练习:
为了学法语,她去了法国。
(withtheintentionof)
ShewenttoFrancewiththeintentionoflearningFrench.
Ibeganreadingwiththe____offinishingthebook,butIneverdid.
A.interviewB.intentionC.helpD.consideration
4.Eventhoughhumancloningiscausingalotofanxiety,itisgoodnewsfor…尽管克隆人类引起了很多不安,但对于。
。
。
anxietyn.忧虑,焦急,渴望,热望
他焦虑地等待着他弟弟的归来.
Hewaswaitingforhisbrother'sreturnwithanxiety.
我急切的等着听比赛的结果。
(withanxiety)
Iwaitedwithanxietytoheartheresultsofthematch.
anxiousadj.担忧的,渴望的,盼望的
beanxioustodosth.渴望做…
beanxiousfor/aboutsth.对…担心
他很想去参加比赛。
Heisanxioustoenterforthecompetition.
他担心她的安全。
Hewasanxiousforhersafety.
5.Idon’twanttoadoptsomeoneelse’schild...
adoptv.收养,领养;采用,采纳
Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.
Weshouldadopttheconsumers'suggestion.
Theyadoptnewtechniquesinraisingsheep.
adoptionn.收养;采纳,采用
(比较)adopt/adapt
adopt收养,领养;采用,采纳(议案、意见等);
adapt使适合,使适应adapt…to…;改编adapt…for…
Shehadtoadaptherselftolocalconditions.她必须使自己适应当地的情况。
ThisEnglishnovelwasadaptedforthestage.这部小说被改编成了剧本。
练习:
他们没有亲生儿女,就收养了一个孤儿。
(1)Astheyhadnochildrenoftheirown,theyadoptedanorphan.
(2)Thecoupledecidedto_____aboybecausetheyhadthreegirls.
A.adaptB.adoptC.receiveD.keep
6.IfIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbabytomorrow.(Line24)
IfIhadthechance,IwouldcloneherimmediatelysothatIcouldbewithheragain.(Line51-52)
虚拟语气基本知识
与现在事实相反
从句动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)
主句动词用should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
从句动词用had+过去分词
主句动词用should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实可能相反
从句动词三种形式:
1用动词过去式
2Wereto+动词原形
3Should+动词原形
主句动词用should/would/could/might+动词原形
学习例句:
1)IfIhadalongenoughholiday,IwouldvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.
2)Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.
3)IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoingthere.
4)Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwehaddriveninturn,youwouldn’thavegotsotired.
如果if引导的虚拟条件句中,有should,(助动词)had或were时,可省略if,但从句中的主语和谓语要倒装。
如:
1)Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexamination.
=Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexamination.
2)Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
=Werehetoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
3)Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?
=Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?
练习:
1.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittoYangpuBridge.
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
2.Ifmylawyer___herelastSunday,he___mefromgoing.
A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldprevent
C.were;preventD.were;wouldhaveprevented
3.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.
A.IfheweretoworkB.HadheworkedC.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork
7.Whilecloninghumanembryosisnotlegalinmanycountries,somescientistsarealreadypushingaheadwithresearchinordertoproduceaclonedhumanbaby.(Line25-27)尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法,但许多科学家已经在加紧研究,以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。
①while(conj.)当…的时候,和…同时(while引导的从句要表示一段时间)
JohncameinwhileIwastypingaletter.
当我正在用打字机打一封信时,约翰进来了。
(conj.)然而,虽然,尽管
Whilehewashatedbyothers,Ilikedhim.他虽受人恨,但我却喜欢他。
练习:
1.______Englishcanbedifficulttolearn,itisaveryusefultoolforcommunication.
A.BecauseB.AsC.OnceD.While
2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,______,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.
A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while
3._______Iacceptthatheisn’tperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.
A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless
②pushaheadwith推进,推行,毅然继续做某事
Itishardtopushaheadwithsuchanunpopularpolicy.
这样一个不得人心的政策很难推行下去的。
(词组)pushahead/forward/onwithsth.毅然继续做某事
pushsth.forward提出某事,迫使他人考虑或注意某事
pushsb./sth.over使某人/某物倒下;推倒某人/某物
8.InChina,scientistshavefocusedtheireffortsoncloninganimals,aswellasclonedtissuestobeusedinmedicaltreatment.
focus…on把…集中于
Wemustfocusoureffortsonimprovingeducation.
Hefocusedhiseyesonme.
focusone’sattention/thoughtsonsth.
集中注意力(思想)于某事
aswellas在这里是“既...又,(除…….之外)也”的意思
Wearerepairingtheroofaswellaspaintingthewalls.
Shecan/couldsingaswellasdance.
Hesharedinmysorrowsaswellasinmyjoys.
Heiscourageousaswellasstrong.
aswellas还可视为as…as的结构,用于副词的同等比较,可解作“和……一样好”。
HecanspeakEnglishaswellasyoucan.
aswell也,又
IwritemyownsongsandIplaytheguitaraswell.
Heiseloquentandhumorousaswell.Whathesaysneverfailstopleaseus.
9.Chinahassucceededinproducingclonesofcowsandgoats,andcontinuestoresearchwaysinwhichcloningcanbenefitmankind.(Line30-32)中国已经成功克隆出牛和山羊,并将继续研究能够造福人类的克隆方式。
①succeedindoingsth.成功地做某事
(反义词组)failtodosth.
Afterpracticingmore,hesucceededinpassingthedrivingtest.
success(n.)
successful(adj.)
successfully(adv.)
②benefit(n.)利益,好处;(pl.)救济金
(词组)beofbenefitto对…有裨益
forthebenefitof…为了…的利益
ItissaidYogaisofgreatbenefittohumanhealth.
(vt.&vi.)有益于
(词组)benefitsb./sth.有益于某人/某物
benefitfrom/by从…中获益
Suchfoolishbehaviorwillnotbenefityou.
Weallbenefitedfromhersuccess.
10.Ifwetoywithnature,wewillhavetodealwiththeconsequences.(Line34-35)如果我们戏弄自然,我们就会不得不处理后果。
dealwith在这里是“处理,对付”之意
Themeetingwilldealwiththeseproblems.
Hehaslearnttodealproperlywithallkindsofcomplicatedsituations.
do with常用义“处置、对待”,常与what连用构成特殊疑问句。
deal with意“处理、对付”,常与how连用,如:
What have you done with your watch?
=How do they deal with the waste water?
除此外,deal with还有“与…打交道、与…做生意、涉及”之意。
Sheisusedtodealingwithallkindsofpeopleinherjob.
她已经习惯于和工作中遇到的各种各样的人打交道。
Herpoemsoftendealwiththesubjectofdeath.
她的诗经常涉及死亡这一主题。
练习:
Howdoyou_____itandwhatshouldI_____it?
A.dealwith;dealwithB.dealwith;dowith
C.dowith;dealwithD.dowith;dowith
解析:
deal为不及物动词,其后需加介词with后才可跟宾语,而do为及物动词。
答案是B。
consequencen.aresultofsththathashappened结果;后果;影响,重要性
Thisdecisioncouldhaveseriousconsequencesfortheindustry.
这项决定可能对该行业造成严重后果。
Suchamistakewouldleadtodisastrousconsequence.
这样的失误将会导致灾难性的后果。
I'mquitewillingtoaccepttheconse
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