考研英语一真题.docx
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考研英语一真题.docx
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考研英语一真题
2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语
(一)试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But 1 someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes 2 short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels, 3 heartrateandoxygenconsumption. Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto 4 , agoodlaughisunlikelytohave 5 benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
6 ,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe 7.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter8 muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp 9 theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceother typesof 10 feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate. 11 oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted 12 physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19th centurythathumansdonotcry 13 theyaresadbutthattheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso 14 tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow 15 muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto 16 apeneitherwiththeirteeth–therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n) 17 expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles 18 moreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown, 19 thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround. 20 ,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.
1.[A] among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
2.[A] reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D] produce
3.[A] stabilizing[B] boosting[C] impairing[D]determining
4.[A] transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe
5.[A] measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable
6.[A] Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7.[A] opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected
8.[A] hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D] relaxes
9.[A] aggravate[B]generate[C] moderate[D] enhance
10.[A] physical[B] mental[C]subconscious[D] internal
11.[A] Exceptfor[B] According to[C]Due to[D] Asfor
12.[A] with[B]on[C] in[D] at
13.[A] unless[B]until[C]if[D] because
14.[A] exhausts[B]follows[C] precedes[D] suppresses
15.[A] into[B] from[C]towards[D]beyond
16.[A] fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D] hold
17.[A] disappointed[B] excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18.[A] adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19.[A] suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlan
Gilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsome Times readersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract.
21.WelearnfromParagraph1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]arousedcuriosity.
22. TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24. Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25. RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbe poached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
“Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeago,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortop
performers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”
26. WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27. AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby
[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.
[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.
[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.
[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28. Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans
[A]approvedof.
[B]attendedto.
[C]huntedfor.
[D]guardedagainst.
29. Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.
[B]loyaltyoftopperf
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