考研英语阅读真题及答案.docx
- 文档编号:25402621
- 上传时间:2023-06-08
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:18
- 大小:26.30KB
考研英语阅读真题及答案.docx
《考研英语阅读真题及答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研英语阅读真题及答案.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
考研英语阅读真题及答案
考研英语阅读真题及答案
SectionIIReadingComprehension
Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyour
choiceintheANSWERSHEET.30points
Text1
Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.
DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.A
keyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:
accountability.
Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.
Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether--honesty,kindness,andsoon--accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw--
and,ultimately,nosociety.
Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’s
behaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.
Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities--smallertowns,usually--whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:
“Inthisfamilycertainthingsare
nottolerated--theysimplyarenotdone!
”
Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathe
wants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.
Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthe
criminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:
byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparents
whodidn’tprovideastablehome.
Idon’tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomea
societyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.
WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.
31.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat________.
[A]it’sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil
[B]it’scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit
[C]it’sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil
[D]it’sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil
32.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,________.
[A]societyistobeheldresponsible
[B]moderncivilizationisresponsibleforit
[C]thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame
[D]thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved
33.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave________.
[A]lessself-discipline
[B]bettersenseofdiscipline
[C]moremutualrespect
[D]lesseffectivegovernment
34.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat________.
[A]peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals
[B]peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards
[C]today’ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty
[D]peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities
35.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat________.
[A]stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies
[B]moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow
[C]morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople’sbehavior
[D]morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability
Text2
Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturity
andadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainst
childlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthood
statusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury
intheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.
Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.
Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduation
constitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducational
ambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,rights,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfrom
thetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.The
twelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithout
gainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henow
canobtainadriver’slicense;hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageofeighteenthelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswell
asrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcan
vote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatus
hasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.
36.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause________.
[A]thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged
[B]theindustrializedsocietyismoredeveloped
[C]moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade
[D]ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance
37.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto________.
[A]graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges
[B]socialrecognition
[C]socio-economicstatus
[D]certainbehavioralchanges
38.Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis________.
[A]elevenyearsold
[B]sixteenyearsold
[C]twenty-oneyearsold
[D]betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold
39.Startingfrom22,________.
[A]onewillobtainmorebasicrights
[B]theolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhave
[C]onewon’tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21
[D]onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysociety
40.Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat________.
[A]inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexisted
[B]noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one
[C]oneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver’slicense
[D]oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmy
Text3
Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Barneshassuggestedthatitisaspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposed
mainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainitisthatallessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmust
bedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantandarebuiltintoessentialplantmaterialswhileinadissolved
state.ThecarbondioxideCO2fromtheairmayentertheleafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitiscombinedwithapartofthewatertoformsimplesugars--thebase
materialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainlybuilt.Activelygrowingplantpartsaregenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralpartsofplants,suchaswoodystemsnolongeractively
growing,mayhavemuchlesswaterthangrowingtissues.
Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetime,however,isonlyaverysmallpartofwhatpassesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesofphotosynthesis,bywhichcarbon
dioxideandwaterarecombined--inthepresenceofchlorophyll叶绿素andwithenergyderivedfromlight--toformsugars,requirethatcarbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.This
occursmainlyintheleaves.Theleafsurfaceisnotsoli
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 英语 阅读 答案