考研必备1999年考研英语真题及解析.docx

考研必备1999年考研英语真题及解析.docx

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考研必备1999年考研英语真题及解析

1999年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

PartⅠClozeTest

Directions：

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and

D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterin

［

thebracketswithapencil.（10points）

Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companies

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lowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,work

andactive.Whentheworkiswelldone,aof

timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.

greatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Some

rulesorregulations.7

hardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem

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3

accidentfreeoperationsisestablished

Successfulsafetyprogramsmay

4

5

placegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby

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othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker.But,therearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedinevery

programifmaximumresultsaretobeobtained.

Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpointalone,safety

Thefewertheinjury,thebettertheworkman’sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetween

operatingat10orataloss.

8

.

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

.［A］at

［B］in

［C］on

［D］with

.［A］alive

.［A］regulation

.［A］where

.［A］alter

［B］vivid

［B］climate

［B］how

［B］differ

［C］mobile

［C］circumstance

［C］what

［D］diverse

［D］requirement

［D］unless

［C］shift

［D］distinguish

［D］justifying

［D］Still

.［A］constituting［B］aggravating［C］observing

.［A］Some

［B］Many

［B］turnsup

［B］reports

［C］Even

.［A］comesoff

.［A］claims

［C］paysoff

［C］declarations

［D］holdsup

［D］proclamations

［D］aprofit

0.［A］anadvantage［B］abenefit［C］aninterest

PartⅡReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked

［

A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.

ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswitha

pencil.（40points）

Passage1

It’saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthe

stoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster,a

successfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,when

juriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.

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Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingeverlongerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateevery

possibleaccident.Today,stepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthatwarn,amongotherthings,thatyoumight

—surprise!

—falloff.Thelabelonachild’sBatmancapecautionsthatthetoy“doesnotenableusertofly”.

Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample—and

manyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn’tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersand

sellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstake

themtocourt.

Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningto

sidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldn’thavechangedanything.InMay,

JulieNimmons,presidentofSchuttSportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwho

wasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet.“We’rereallysorryhehasbecomeparalyzed,buthelmets

aren’tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,”saysNimmons.Thejuryagreedthatthenatureofthegame,not

thehelmet,wasthereasonfortheathlete’sinjury.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudges,

lawyers,andacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight—issuednewguidelinesfortortlaw

statingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossible

ones.“Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities,”saysalawprofessoratCornellLawSchool

whohelpeddraftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationon

productsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.

11.Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidentshappened?

［

［

［

［

A］Customersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthroughlawsuits.

B］Injuredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegalsystem.

C］Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnewwarnings.

D］Juriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniespromised.

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2.Manufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetendto.

［

［

［

［

A］satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningsonproducts

B］becomehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheirproducts

C］makethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegalliability

D］feelobligedtoviewcustomers’safetyastheirfirstconcern

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3.ThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthat.

［

［

［

［

A］someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylaw

B］helmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuries

C］productlabelswouldeventuallybediscarded

D］somesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes

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4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheissueseemstobe.

［A］biased

［B］indifferent

［C］puzzling

［D］objective

Passage2

InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumer

market.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsell

productsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusinesstobusinesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeople

typicallyknowwhatproductthey’relookingfor.

Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.“Businesses

needtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesupplier,”sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinof

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ForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablished

businesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’sprivateintranet.

AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.

Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto“pull”customersintosites.Inthepast

year,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto“push”informationdirectlyoutto

consumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointcastNetwork

usesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers’computer

monitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany’sWeb

site.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagesto

customersaboutspecialsales,productofferings,orotherevents.Butpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptof

manyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomes

therebyspecificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetween

theWebandtelevisionfades.That’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.

ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.The

examplesofVirtualVineyards,Amazon.com,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindof

productswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostof

computingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.People

lookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.

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5.WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWebbusiness.

［

［

［

［

A］hasbeenstrivingtoexpanditsmarket

B］intendedtofollowafancifulfashion

C］triedbutinvaintocontrolthemarket

D］hasbeenboomingforoneyearorso

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6.Speakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimpliesthat.

［

［

［

［

A］thetechnologyispopularwithmanyWebusers

B］businesseshavefaithinthereliabilityofonlinetransactions

C］thereisaradicalchangeinstrategy

D］itisaccessiblelimitedlytoestablishedpartners

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7.IntheviewofNetpurists,.

［

［

［

［

A］thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonlineculture

B］moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoontheWeb

C］theWebshouldbeabletofunctionasthetelevisionset

D］thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutrequests

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8.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat.

［

［

［

［

A］pushinginformationontheWebisessentialtoInternetcommerce

B］interactivity,hospitalityandsecurityareimportanttoonlinecustomers

C］leadingcompaniesbegantotaketheonlineplungedecadesago

D］settingupshopsinsiliconisindependentofthecostofcomputingpower

Passage3

Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’career

prospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Very

fewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction—indeed,contradiction—whichgoestotheheartofwhatis

3

wrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom.

Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducation,justifiedforreasons

radicallydiff