本科毕业设计她会永存于世《飘》.docx
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本科毕业设计她会永存于世《飘》.docx
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本科毕业设计她会永存于世《飘》
Abstract
GonewiththewindisafamousworkthatcreatedwiththehistorybackgroundofCivilWarbyMargaretMitchell.Itisnotonlyaromanticnovel,butalsoagreatworkofdiscussingthechangesin1860s’America.Itreflectspreferablygreathistoricalprojectssuchasthesouthernsituation,socialproblem,disintegrationofthesouthernplantation,feminism,etc.Ithasadeepliteraryvalue.
Thetopicfocusesonthetimesthatwomenwereinaverylowpositionandinthestory,thewomen’swisdomandcouragewerenolessthanmen,andevenbeyondthemen.BasedonthetheoreticalfoundationandthroughtheexplorationofGonewiththeWindindetail,theauthorattemptstostudythecloserelationshipbetweenfeminismandsociety.
Thisthesisconsistsoftwochapterswithoneintroductionandaconclusion.Theintroductionscansthehistoricalbackgroundandthewomen’scharacteristicsandpositioninthatsociety.ChapterOnemainlyanalyzesthepre-warsocialsystemandslaveryinthesouthAmerica,andScarlett,Melanieandotherwomen’schangingcharacteristicsandstruggleinthewar.AndthenitleadsoutChapterTwowhichexplorestheprocessofFeminineconsciousnesswakeningandwomen’smovements.
TheconclusionsummarizestheviewsofthisthesisandsuggeststhatGonewiththeWindshouldbetakenasapotentialtargetoffeministstudies.
Keywords:
Scarlett;Melanie;feminism;self-wakening
中文摘要
《飘》是玛格丽特·米切尔以美国内战时期的南方为历史背景创作的一部名著,它既是一部浪漫的爱情小说,也是一部探讨19世纪60年代美国南方所经历的种种变化的著作,它着实反映了较多当时的南方局势、社会问题、南方种植园经济的瓦解、女权主义等,具有重大历史意义的课题,具有深远的文学价值。
本选题着重在《飘》中所描写的在妇女地位十分低下的时代,故事中的女人所表现出的智慧和勇气丝毫不亚于男人,甚至超越男人。
由此,本论文试图从具体文本出发,试图展现和探讨女性主义与社会的关系。
本论文由两个章节和一个引言和结语组成。
引言部分主要是对《飘》的历史背景以及里面主要女性人物性格以及她们所处的社会地位概述。
第一章主要分析战前的美国南方以男性为主体的社会以及其奴隶制度,还有斯嘉丽、梅兰妮等角色在战争中挣扎求存以及她们性格的转变。
由此引出第二章具体探讨有关女性的觉醒及女性主义运动的发展过程。
论文的结语部分总结了本论文的主要观点并提出了《飘》中关于妇女觉醒的重要意义以及美国妇女的女性意识不断觉醒,她们不断地积累经验,努力争取自由和平等对社会起到的积极作用。
关键词:
斯嘉丽;梅兰妮;女性意识;觉醒
1.Introduction
1.1TheCriticalReviewsonGonewiththeWindatHomeandAbroad
EventhoughGonewiththeWindbrokethesalesrecordandwasawardedthePulitzerPrizein1937,ithadbeenneglectedbycriticsduetosomecontroversialquestions.Anddespitethelackofcriticalattentionfortheverybeginningperiodofitspublication,GonewiththeWind,hasneverlackedtheattentionofthereaders’,ithassold28millioncopiessinceitspublicationin1936andhasbeentranslatedintoatleast30languagesworldwide.Moreover,sincethe1960s,GonewiththeWindhasbecomeafocusofstudiesworldwide.
ThelateststudiesofMargaretabroadareenormousandfruitful.Thesestudiesmainlyfocusonthefollowingaspects:
firstly,thebooksontherelationshipbetweenMargaretMitchellandherworkshavebecomemorefruitful,especiallyintheUnitedStates,JulianGranberrycompiledallthelettersofMargaretandpublishedthemunderthetitleofLettersfromMargaret(2006).AlltheseletterswillpresentreaderswiththereallanguageandtherealthoughtsofMargaret,whichwillhelpustodeconstructthefalselegendsaboutMargaretMitchell.PatrickAllen’sMargaretMitchell,Reporter(2000),throughcompilingdiversecolumns,exposestousthelively,knowledgeable,keenly-observedMargaretbeforeGonewiththeWindwonherfame.ThebooksonMargaretMitchell’slifealsoincludeAnneEdward’sRoadtoTara:
TheLifeofMargaretMitchell(1983)andFinisFarr’sMargaretMitchellofAtlanta:
TheAuthorofGonewiththeWind(1965).
GonewiththeWindisoneofthemostpopularAmericannovelsinChina.From1940whenitsfirsteditionoftheChineseversionwaspublished,GonewiththeWindhasgainedanenthusiasticreceptionandhasbeenthefocusofstudyofmanyscholars.InChina,inthepastdecade,thestudiesofthenovelhavebecomeevenmoreprosperousandcoveredevenwiderscopes.Thesestudiesareconcernedwithvarioustopics,suchastheglamourofthenovel,itsthemes,characterization,imagesandarchetypes.Thesestudiesareconductedfromdifferentperspectivessuchasfeministicperspectiveandarchetypalviewsaregoingtobediscussedinthecomingsection.
Theaspectwhichattractsthemostfocusisthestudyonthefemaleprotagonistofthenovel—ScarlettO’Hara.DuetothecomplexitiesofthecharacterofScarlett,scholarsstudyherfromdifferentaspectswithvariousfocuses.Somescholars(徐振忠,2004)dealwiththecharacterizationandtheaestheticvaluesofthisfemaleprotagonist,whileothers(孙宇,2003)trytofocusontherealisticaspectofthischaracter.Somearticles(邹晶明,2003)focusonthetraditionalconsciousnessofScarlettwhileothers(陈晓红,2004;李艳波,2006)trytoexploretherebelliousaspectofher.Throughreadingthesestudieswiththediversifiedfocuses,thereaderswillbenefitagreatdealsincetheywillbeabletomasteracomprehensiveviewofthisprotagonist.Inturn,thiswillgreatlydecreasethereader’schancesofformingbiasedopinionsagainstthisprotagonist.
1.2Themeaningandthedevelopmentoffeminism
WhenIfinishedreadingGonewiththeWind,afeelingcametomethatthefemalerolesinthenovelweresogreatandimpressive.Throughtheages,masculinityisthemainpartofthesocietydevelopmentfromthebeginningtotheend,butfemininityisjustthesecondsexofthesocietyandalwaysintheedgeofthehistory.TheBibletoldtheworld:
theGodcreatesEvebyusingAdam’srib.Fromthattimeitseemsthewomenwerefatedtobeapartofmen.Undertheimprisonmentofthepaternityculture,womenonlyhavetobeinasubsidiaryposition.Alongwiththeprogressofthesociety,womenbecameawaken,theywereeagertofightaplaceoftheirowninthepracticeofhistory.
Thedevelopmentoffeminismwasnotacontinuousprocess.IntheWest,thepositionofwomenexperiencedaserieschanges.IntheearlytimeofancientGreek,wiveswerejustlimitedtothefamilyasmanagers.Afterthat,thetimeof“managersoffamily”occupiedaverylongtimeofhistory.UntiltheFrenchRevolutioninthe18thcentury,thebourgeoiswomenheldtherevolutionaryslogan“freedom,equality,fraternity”todeclarewartothemasculinitysociety.Andallthesebegantoopenthecurtainoffeministmovement.Alongwiththedevelopmentofthefeministmovement,moreandmorewomenimageswithfeministcolorappearedintheliterature.Andthetheoryoffeminismwasinitiallyappearedinthegraduallythoroughanddevelopsprocessofthefeministmovement.Itisobviouslyaresultofthepoliticalmovementwentdeepintheliteraturearea.Since1830’s,theWestbeganafeministmovementwhichfoughtfortherightsofeducation,politics,lawsandeconomyforthewomen.
Thehistoricalimplicationof“feminism”usuallymeans“movementsforrecognitionoftheclaimsofwomenforrights(legal,political,familial,act.)areequaltothosepossessedbymen.”(邹晶明,2003:
117)Womenhaveneverceasedtofightfortheirrights,thoughthefeministmovementintheWestdidnottakeanyvisibleshapetillthe19thcenturyinthenameofwomen’sliberationmovement.Darwomosshooktheself-importanceofman/male,Marxismfurtherquestionedthelegitimacyofcapitalistman,andNietzschedenouncedthevalidityof(themale)God.Inthiscontextwomen’sliberationmovementtookadefiniteshapeandmademajorprogressinwomen’ssuffrageandpropertyrights.Womenbecamemedicaldoctors;lawyers,orjournalists,andwomenstudentswentintoHarvard,OxfordandCambridge.
2.ThebackgroundofGonewiththeWind
2.1TheSocialBackground
AswehaveseeninthefirstchapterofGonewiththeWind,beforethewar,Tarawasaffluentandwithvenerableair.Vastfieldwasfullofvigour.Thepeopleandtheirservantsweregettingalong.Therewereaffluentandlivelysceneseverywhereandtheruralitywasunconstraintandleisurely,onecluecomesfromtherichlifeintheTwelveOaks.
Inthosetimes,slavescanbeboughtandsoldfreely.InthepleadofablackcattlenamedPolk,Scarlett’sfatherGeraldboughtDiceyandPrissywith3000dollar.Gerald’swonhisfirstblackcattleeventhroughgambling.Blackcattledidn’thaveanypoliticalrights.Thewhiteracecanpunishtheirslavesatwill.
pokerandhorseracing,red-hotpoliticsandthecodeduello,States’RightsanddamnationtoallYankees,slaveryandKingCotton,contemptforwhitetrashandexaggeratedcourtesytowomen,allthesearewhatSouthernersconcernabout.Inthesouth,theconceptof“Manissuperiortowoman”inpeoplemindsisineradicable.Theythoughtwomenwerepassive,negativeandflabby;theyhavetooperateaccordingtomen'swishes,onlyinthiswaytheywouldnotbeabandonedbymenandbereviledbythesociety.TheSouthernsocietyofthenovelexpectsmenandwomentoconformtospecificgenderroles.Thenarratornotesthatthemanownsthepropertybutthewomanmanagesit;themantakecreditformanagingthepropertyandthewomenthen“praisehiscleverness.”Owningpropertygivesmenrightsandpower,buttheysharelittleoftherewardthatresultsfromthewomen’shardwork.Womenhavealltheworkandresponsibilityofrunningtheproperty,butenjoyonlythoserightsthatmendeigntograntthem.Thenarratorstressestheabsurdityofthesegenderroles,sarcasticallysaying,“themanroaredlikeabullwhenasplinterwasinhisfinger,andthewomanmuffledthemoansofchildbirth,lestshedisturbhim.”Inthissociety,menexpectwomentosuppresstheirneedsanddesiresandfocusattentiononthemen.Womenarenotevenallowedtotakecreditfortheirownintelligence,bravery,andstrength.Societypunishesthosewomenwhoputatoeoverthegenderlines.
Thewartotallydestroyedthepeaceful,calmlifeandmaterialwealthinthesouth.Tarawasransackedofallitsvaluablesanditbecameruins.InJ
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