《无名的裘德》中裘德悲剧的原因.docx
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《无名的裘德》中裘德悲剧的原因.docx
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《无名的裘德》中裘德悲剧的原因
本科生毕业论文
(申请学士学位)
论文题目
《无名的裘德》中裘德悲剧的原因
作者姓名
XXX
所学专业名称
XXX
指导教师
XXX
2015年3月10日
《无名的裘德》中裘德悲剧的原因
XXX
滁州学院外国语学院
二〇一五年三月十日
AnalysisoftheReasonsforJude’sTragedyinJudetheObscure
By
XXx
Underthesupervisionof
AssociateProfessorXXx
AThesis
SubmittedtotheSchoolofForeignLanguages
InPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirement
FortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsinEnglish
AtChuzhouUniversity
March10,2015
Acknowledgements
Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoallthesewhohelpedmeinonewayoranotherinthecompletionofthisthesis.
Firstofall,Iowegreatindebtednesstomysupervisor,AssociateProfessorXXxwhosestrictdemandsandinsightfulsuggestionsareindispensablethroughallthestagesofdevelopmentandrevisionofthethesis.He/Shehasmadelotsofcorrectionsandsuggestionswhilereadingmydraftsofthethesis.Withouthis/herpatienceandwisdomthepresentthesiswouldbeunthinkable.
SpecialthanksshouldalsobeextendedtoalloftheteacherswhotaughtmeduringmyfouryearsofstudyinChuzhouUniversity,inparticular,associateprofessorsXXx,XXxandXXxandlecturersXXx,XXxandXXxfortheirenlighteninginstructions.
Atlast,Iwouldliketoextendmysinceregratitudetomyfamilyanddearfriends.Withtheirconsistentsupportandencouragement,Iwouldbeabletocarryonmystudyandcompletethisthesis.
Abstract
JudetheObscureisthemostcontroversialnovelofThomasHardy’swork.ThroughJude’sdoublemisfortuneinloveandcourse,itcomplainstheunreasonableeducationsystem,thesub-humaninstitutionofmarriageaswellastheentirecapitalistsysteminthelateVictoriantime.Thedeepanalysisabouttheweaknessofpettybourgeoispointoutthatthisisaunderlyingcauseofthesocialtragedy.JudetheObscureprimarilyreflectstheliving,strivingandspiritualpursuitofpeopleinrootgrass.Itdiscussesmanyconflictsinhumanactivities,suchasloveandmarriageandsexualrelations,careerandlove,Christianityandhuman’sdevelopeddemand.ThethesisfocusesonanalyzingthereasonsofJude’sfailureandsuicidefromtheunreasonableeducationandmarriage,andtheinfluenceofsurroundingandpersonality.
Keywords:
novel;marriage;education;religion;personality
摘要
《无名的裘德》是英国作家托马斯哈代(1840-1928)最受争议的一部作品。
通过主人公裘德的事业与爱情的双重不幸,控诉了维多利亚中后期资产阶级教育制度的不合理,婚姻制度的不合人性,进而对整个资本主义制度及道德做了否定。
同时也对小资产阶级自身的软弱做了深入剖析,指出这是造成这种社会悲剧的内在原因。
《无名的裘德》主要反映中下层社会人的生存奋斗和精神追求,探讨在重要的人类活动中,恋爱、婚姻以及两性关系的追求。
事业与爱情的矛盾,基督教与人发展了的需求之间的矛盾。
本论文主要从不合理的教育及婚姻制度,周围环境的影响以及人的自身原因来分析主人公裘德未能实现自身理想,以自杀形式结束自身生命的原因。
关键词:
小说;婚姻;教育;宗教;个性
TableofContents
Acknowledgements………………………………………………....…I
Abstract............................................................................................II
摘要………………..……………………………………………………III
Tableofcontents…...…………………………………………………IV
1.Introduction………..…….….…………………………………1
1.1Thegoalsofthethesis……………………………………………..1
1.2Outlineofthethesis………………………………………………..2
2.SocialreasonsofJude’stragedy…………….…………………….3
2.1Unreasonableeducationalsystem………………………………….3
2.2Unreasonablemarriagesystem……………………………………4
2.3Religionreasons……………………………………………...……5
3.Fourdifferentpeople’sandanotherperson’sinfluenceson
Jude’stragedyinJudetheObscure……………………….……...5
3.1ByAraballa………………………………………………….….…6
3.1.1Araballa’sviewoftragedy………………….…………………..…………7
3.1.2Araballa’sanalysisoftragedy…………………………………….…7
3.2BySue.……………………………………………………………8
3.3ByPhillotson……………………………………………………...8
3.4Byoldfathertime……………………………………………...….8
4.UnhealthypersonalityinJude’stragedy………………...………8
5.Conclusion……………………….……………..…………………9
Bibliography…………………………………….…………………….10
AppendixA….………………………………………………...……….11
AppendixB…………………...…………………...…………………..12
AnalysisoftheReasonsforJude’sTragedyinJudetheObscure
1.Introduction
TheauthorThomasHardywasawell-knownBritishwriter.Hewenttovillageschoolwhenheis8yearsoldandapprenticedhimselftoanarchitectat16.Hedreamedtobeapriest,sohewenttoLondontostudyarchitect,literature,theologyandphilosophyandself-studyGreekandmanytheologicalworks.Backingtohometownathis27,specializedinwritingafterafewyearsofanarchitect.Asaliberatorwholivedattheturnofthecentury,hewitnessedthedarknessofthesociety,soallhisnovelsweresetagainstthebleakandforbiddingsociety.JudeTheObscurewasoneoftherepresentativenovels.
InJudeTheObscureHardycriticizesthehypocrisyofreligionandcapitalism,andobjectivelyexposedthefactthattalentedbutpoorpeoplecan’tfindthewaytoprogress,andordinarywomanyearningforfreedomalwayssetbacksatthetimeofthesystem.Fromthisnovel,it’scleartoseethattheworldismoredifficult,andhappinessisoccasionalwhilesufferingisconstant.ThisembodiesHardy’sfatalism.HardybelievesinGodpiouslyinhisteenage,butwitnessthatGodisindifferenttothesufferingoftheworld,hepinesallhishopestosavemankindonfutureandmankindthemselves(Johnson,1991).Becauseheprofoundlyexposesthereality,heiscriticizedbybourgeouscritics.HismasterpieceJudeTheObscureeventouchesthesorepointofthebourgeous,viciouscriticizeandslanderevenforcehimtogivesupwritingfictionandturnstopoetry(Light&Mevarech,1992).
Inrecentyears,moreandmoreattentionhasbeenpaidtothisnovel,itisveryheateddiscussedamongresearchersespeciallyyoungpeople,becausetheproblemsitreflectsareveryrealandserious.Theresearchinterestsofscholarsfromhomeandoverseaarealsoincreased,forexample,AmericanscholarAltickRichardD,DaleKramer,ChinesescholarsChangYaoxin(2004),JiangChengyong(2006)haveanalyzeditindetail.
2.SocialreasonsofJude’stragedy
2.1Unreasonableeducationalsystem
Hardyhaseversaidthatthisnovelisadescriptionofapoormantofightforcollegeatfirst.(Ommited)
DesertedbyAraballa,JudecomestoChristminsterandputsallhiseffortstostudyagain.Heplaceshimselfinsuchpositionsaboutthecityaswouldaffordhimglimpsesofthemostdistinguishedamongtheprovosts,wardens,andotherheadsofhouses...(Omitted)
Judebeginstocriticizehimselfandwishesthattheyhadnotbeensentwhenthelettersareposted,hefindshimselfclingingtothehopeofreceivingreply.ButtheacademicdistinguishedpeopletowhomJudehaswrittenhavenoanswer.Oneday,areplycomes.Oneofthecolleges’headsadviceshimthat“Iventuretothinkthatyouwillhaveamuchbetterchanceofsuccessinlifebyremaininginyourownsphereandstickingtoyourtradethanbyadoptinganyothercourse”(WangShouren&WangWenyu,2006:
37).ThisadviceseemsreasonablebutreallymakesJudefliesintoarage.“Ihaveunderstandingaswellasyou;Iamnotinferiortoyou,whoknowsuchthingsasthese?
”Hesaysfuriously(Hardy,1995:
69).
2.2Unreasonablemarriagesystem
Victorianattitudestosocialmoralityisverystrict.ThethemeofJudeTheObscureislove,…...(Omitted).
2.3Religionreason
Victorianisatimeofprosperous,ofcontradictions,ofcontroversialandexperiencedbeliefcrisis.AttheendofVictorian,thestatueoforthodoxbeliefsandidealsfellintodecline.(Omitted)
“Well—don’tspeakofthiseverywhere.Youknowwhatauniversityis,andauniversitydegree?
Itisthenecessaryhallmarkofamanwhowantstodoanythinginteaching.Myscheme,ordream,istobeauniversitygraduate,andthentobeordained.BygoingtoliveatChristminster,ornearit,Ishallbeatheadquarters,sotospeak,andifmyschemeispracticableatall,IconsiderthatbeingonthespotwillaffordmeabetterchanceofcarryingitoutthanIshouldhaveelsewhere.”(Hardy,1995:
2)
3.Fourdifferentpeople’sandanotherpersons’influencesonJude’stragedy
InJudeTheObscuretheauthorputsallfortheffortstoshapethetragicimageofthehero,Jude.ApartfromthepassageoftheincidentstoheightenthetragicfateofJude,theauthordiscussestwootheraspects:
oneisthroughthecauseandmarriagepathwhatJudepursuestohinttheJude’stragedy,theotherisbyportrayingthefourcharactersindifferentaspectstoenhancethetragicfateofJude.(Omitted)
3.1ByAraballa
Araballa,asexanimal,isallfleshanddesirewhereasSue,attheotherendofthespectrum,isallintellect,frigidity,andessentiallybodiless.(Omitted)
3.1.1Araballa’sviewoftragedy
Judebeginstocriticizehimselfandwishesthattheyhadnotbeensentwhenthelettersareposted,hefindshimselfclingingtothehopeofreceivingreply.ButtheacademicdistinguishedpeopletowhomJudehaswrittenhavenoanswer.
4.UnhealthypersonalityinJude’stragedy
Judeisanambitiousyoungman.Influencedbytimehisuniversitydreamandmarriagefornaturallovearedoomedtofailed(However,theweakestandthemostmiserablequalitywadthathegivesuphislifewhenrealizingthathewasunsuccessfulincareerandmaritallife.ItcanbeconcludedthatJudeisatragicman,resultedinhispessimisticviewonlife.(Omitted)
5.Conclusion
ThomasHardyisamasterintragedyartisticfield.HistalentintragedynovelisgivenfullplayinJudetheObscure,whichshouldbetakenashismostrepresentativemasterpiece.EventhoughbeingfarawayfromHardy’stime,readerscouldstillsensecharmingstrengthofhisownfeelings,whichmingleoldGreektragicspiritwithmodernnewtragicmaterials.(Omitted)
Bibliography
[1]JohnsonD.1990.Verbalbehavior[M].NewYork:
NewburyHouse.(英文著作,单一作者)
[2]LightP.&MevarechZ.R.1992.Literarystudiesintheeighteenthcentury[M].Cambri
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