最新英语语言学树型图详细讲解.docx
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最新英语语言学树型图详细讲解.docx
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最新英语语言学树型图详细讲解
树形图详细讲解
1.Indicatethecategoryofeachwordinthefollowingsentences.
a)Theoldladysuddenlyleft.
DetANQualV
b)Thecarstoppedattheendoftheroad.
DetNVPDetNPDetN
c)Thesnowmighthaveblockedtheroad.
DetNAuxAuxVDetN
d)Heneverappearsquitemature.
NQualVDegA
2.Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,acomplement,andaspecifier.Drawtheappropriatetreestructureforeach.
a)fullofpeople
AP
APN
fullofpeople
b)astoryaboutasentimentalgirl
NP
NPPP
DetNPNP
DetAN
astoryaboutasentimentalgirl
c)oftenreaddetectivestories
VP
QualVNP
AN
oftenreaddetectivestories
d)theargumentagainsttheproposals
NP
NPPP
DetNPNP
DetN
theargumentagainsttheproposals
e)movetowardsthewindow
VP
VPP
PDetN
movetowardsthewindow
3.Drawphrasestructuretreesforeachofthefollowingsentences.
a)Thejetlanded.
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
DetNPstV
Thejetlanded
b)Marybecameveryill.
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
NPstVAP
DegA
Marybecameveryill
c)Whatwillyoutalkabout?
CP
NPCS
NInflNPInflVP
VPNP
VPN
Whatwillyouetalkaboute
d)Theapplemighthittheman.
S
NPVP
DetNAuxVNP
DetN
Theapplemighthittheman
OR
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
DetNVNP
DetN
Theapplemighthittheman
e)Heoftenreadsdetectivestories.
S
NPVP
NQualVNP
AN
Heoftenreadsetectivestories
OR
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
Pres
NQualVNP
AN
Heoftenreadsetectivestories
4.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier(s),thendrawthetreestructures.
a)Afrightenedpassengerlandedthecrippledairplane.
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
DetANPstVNP
DetAN
Afrightenedpassengerlandedthecrippledairplane
b)Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
DetANPstVPP
PNP
DetAN
Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky
c)Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeeting.
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
DetANPstVPP
PNP
DetN
Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeeting
d)Aquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill.
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
DetANPPstVPP
ANPNP
DetAN
Aquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill
5.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.
a)Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.
InflP(=S)
NPVP
NAuxVNP
DetANP
NCONN
Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants
OR
InflP(=S)
NPVP
NInflVNP
DetANP
NCONN
Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants
b)Helenputonherclothesandwentout.
S
NPVP
NVPCONVP
VPNPVAdv
VPDetN
Helenputonherclothesandwentout
OR
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
NPstVPCONVP
VPNPVAdv
VPDetN
Helenputonherclothesandwentout
c)Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.
S
NPVP
NVPCONVP
VPNPVPNP
VAPNVAPN
Maryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatistics
OR
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
NPresVPCONVP
VPNPVPNP
VAPNVAPN
Maryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatistics
d)Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousmancamein.
S
SCONS
NPVPNPVP
DetNVAdvDetANVAdv
Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousmancamein
e)Crusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt.
S
NPVP
CP
NVCS
SCONS
NPVPNPVP
NAuxVDetNAuxV
Crusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt
6.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.
a)YouknowthatIhatewar.
S
NPVP
CP
NVCS
NPVP
NVNP
N
YouknowthatIhatewar
ORCP
CInflP(=S)
NPInflVP
CP
NPresVCS
NPVP
NVNP
N
YouknowthatIhatewar
b)HesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover.
S
NPVP
CP
NVCS
NPVP
CP
NVCS
NPVP
DetNVLA
HesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover
c)Gerrycan’tbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.
S
NPVP
NVPNP
CP
AuxNegVNPCS
DetNNPVP
NVNP
DetAN
GerrycannotbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam
d)ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.
S
NPVP
CP
NVLACS
NPVP
DetNVNPNP
NDetN
ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce
e)Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.
S
NPVP
CP
DetNVPCS
VPNPVP
NVNP
N
Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings
7.Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Drawthedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesentences.
a)Theessaythathewrotewastoolong.
Deepstructure
CP
CS
NPVP
DetNCPVAP
CSDegP
NPInflVP
NVNP
N
Theessayhewrotethatwastoolong
SurfaceStructure
CP
CS
NPVP
DetNCPVAP
CSDegP
NPNPInflVP
NNPstVNP
N
Theessaythathewroteewastoolong
b)Thedogthathekeepsbites.
Deepstructure
CP
CS
NPVP
DetNCPV
CInflS
PresNPVP
NVNP
N
Thedoghekeepsthatbites
SurfaceStructure
CP
CS
NPVP
DetNCPV
CS
NPNPInflVP
NNPresVNP
N
Thedogthathekeepsebites
c)Herbertfoundthemansheloved.
Deepstructure
CP
CS
NPVP
NInflVNP
CP
DetNCS
NPInflVP
NP
NV
N
Herbertfoundthemanshelovedwho
SurfaceStructure
CP
CS
NPVP
NInflVNP
CP
DetNS
C
NPInflVP
NPNP
NV
NN
Herbertfoundtheman(whom)shelovede
d)Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithmajorsinlinguistics.
Deepstructure
CP
CS
NPVP
DetNCPVPP
PNP
CInflS
N
NPVP
PP
NQualVPNP
VPN
Thegirlheoftenquarrelswithwhommajorsinlinguistics
SurfaceStructure
CP
CS
NPVP
DetNCPVPP
PNP
CS
N
NPNPInflVP
PP
NNQualVPNP
VPN
Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithemajorsinlinguistics
8.Thederivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.
a)Wouldyoucometomorrow?
Deepstructure
CP
CS
VP
NPAdvP
NInflVAdv
youwouldcometomorrow
Surfacestructure
CP
CS
VP
NPAdvP
Infl
NInflVAdv
wouldyouecometomorrow
b)Canyoupassmethenewspaper?
Deepstructure
CP
CS
VP
NPNPNP
NInflVNDetN
youcanpassmethenewspaper
Surfacestructure
CP
CS
VP
InflNPNPNP
NInflVNDetN
Canyouepassmethenewspaper
c)Shouldthestudentsreporttheincident?
Deepstructure
CP
CS
VP
NPNP
DetNInflVDetN
thestudentsshouldreporttheincident
Surfacestructure
CP
CS
VP
InflNPNP
DetNInflVDetN
shouldthestudentsereporttheincident
d)Whatdidyoueatforlunch?
Deepstructure
CP
CS
VP
NPPP
NPNP
NInflVP
NN
youdideatwhatforlunch
Surfacestructure
CP
NPCS
VP
InflNPPP
NPNP
NNInflVP
NN
whatdidyoueeateforlunch
e)Whoshouldthisbereportedto?
Deepstructure
CP
CS
VP
NPPP
VPNP
NInflVVP
N
thisshouldbereportedtowhom
Surfacestructure
CP
NPCS
VP
NInflNPPP
VPNP
NInflVVP
N
whomshouldthisebereportedtoe
f)WhatwasHelenbringingtotheparty?
Deepstructure
CP
CS
VP
NPPP
NPNP
夏日的街头,吊带装、露背装、一步裙、迷你裙五彩缤纷、争妍斗艳。
爱美的女孩们不仅在服饰搭配上费尽心机,饰品的选择也十分讲究。
可惜在商店里买的项链、手链、手机挂坠等往往样式平淡无奇,还容易出现雷同现象。
NInflVP
目前,上海市创业培训中心已开办大学生创业培训班,共招收上海交通大学、上海商业职业技术学院等应届毕业生62人。
NDetN
价格便宜些□服务热情周到□店面装饰有个性□商品新颖多样□
Helenwasbringingwhattotheparty
5、就业机会和问题分析
体现市民生活质量状况的指标---恩格尔系数,上海也从1995年的53.4%下降到了2003年的37.2%,虽然与恩格尔系数多在20%以下的发达国家相比仍有差距,但按照联合国粮农组织的划分,表明上海消费已开始进入富裕状态(联合国粮农组织曾依据恩格尔系数,将恩格尔系数在40%-50%定为小康水平的消费,20%-40%定为富裕状态的消费)。
Surfacestructure
CP
NPCS
4.WWW。
google。
com。
cn。
大学生政策2004年3月23日VP
NInflNPPP
成功秘诀:
好市口+个性经营NPNP
NInflVP
NDetN
whatwasHelenebringingetotheparty
图1-2大学生购买手工艺品可接受价位分布
3、你是否购买过DIY手工艺制品?
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