高考英语二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意题靶向训练.docx

高考英语二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意题靶向训练.docx

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高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题靶向训练

专题一阅读理解

第3讲主旨大意题

[真题演练]

A

（2016·全国卷Ⅲ，阅读理解D）（导学号58210008）

Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds，itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews，andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored（监控）indifferentways，researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'se－mailsandonlineposts，scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.

“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia，”saysJonahBerger，ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends，youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”

Researchersanalyzingword－of－mouthcommunication—e－mails，Webpostsandreviews，face－to－faceconversations—foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative（消极的），butthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?

Totestforthatpossibility，Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories：

thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes'website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste－mailed”listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmo

relikelytomakethelistthannon－sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.

Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny，orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety，butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused（激发）onewayortheother，andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle，themorelikelyitwastobeshared，asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook，“Contagious：

WhyThingsCatchOn.”

【语篇解读】　人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。

在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。

32．Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?

A．Newsreports.

B．Researchpapers.

C．Privatee－mails.

D．Dailyconversations.

解析：

细节理解题。

根据第二段“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia”可知，像“ifitbleeds”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体，故选A。

答案：

A

33．WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?

A．They'resociallyinactive.

B．They'regoodattellingstories.

C．They'reinconsiderateofothers.

D．They'recarefulwiththeirwords.

解析：

推理判断题。

根据第二段“...Youcarealotmorehowtheyreact”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据本段“Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”可知，你不想被当作一个“DebbieDowner”，说明指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选C。

答案：

C

34．Whichtendedtobethemoste－mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger'sresearch?

A．Sportsnews.

B．Sciencearticles.

C．Personalaccounts.

D．Financialreviews.

解析：

细节理解题。

根据第三段“...articlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon－sciencearticles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。

答案：

B

★35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．SadStoriesTravelFarandWide

B．OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople

C．ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes

D．GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks

解析：

标题归纳题。

根据第一段“Bytrackingpeople'se－mailsandonlineposts，scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。

答案：

D

B

（2016·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解D）

Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful，ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable；thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap（间隙）withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.

ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople，justassometraditionalChineseandThai

personsdo.Therefore，whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops，whatmaybeimplied（暗示）isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures，silenceisacallforreflection.

Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways，particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample，Russian，French，andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However，Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse，personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasign

ofrespect，particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.

Nursesandothercare－giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing（治愈）valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。

32．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?

A．Itimpliesanger.

B．Itpromotesfriendship.

C．Itisculture－specific.

D．Itiscontent－based.

解析：

推理判断题。

根据文章首段首句“Themeaningofsilencevariseamongculturalgroups”和下文给出的例子可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。

答案：

C

33．Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?

A．

TheChinese.

B．TheFrench.

C．TheMexicans.

D．TheRussians.

解析：

细节理解题。

根据第二段可知许多美国本土人，一些传统的中国人以及泰国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。

答案：

A

34．Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?

A．Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.

B．Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.

C．Evaluateitsharmtopatients.

D．Makeuseofitshealingeffects.

解析：

细节理解题。

根据末段末句“Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatients...”可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。

故选D。

答案：

D

★35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext

?

A．SoundandSilence

B．WhatItMeanstoBeSilent

C．SilencetoNativeAmericans

D．SpeechIsSilver；SilenceIsGold

解析：

标题归纳题。

文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。

故选B。

答案：

B

C

（2015·广东卷，阅读理解C）（导学号58210009）

DanielAnderson，afamouspsychologist，believesit'simportanttodistinguishtelevision'sinfluencesonc

hildrenfromthoseofthefamily.Wetendto

blameTV，hesays，forproblemsitdoesn'treallycause，overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren'sminds.

Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild'sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTV，childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages（影像）．Instead，theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually，childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore，asmanyteachersagree，childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem，explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet，mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.

Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson，theamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn'ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren；ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation，suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents'educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild'sreading.“Achild'sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads，”Andersonsays.

Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision－watchinglowersIQ（智商）scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere，too，Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact，reasearchsuggeststhatit'stheotherwayaround.“Ifyou'resmartyoung，you'llwatchlessTVwhenyou'reolder，”Andersonsays.Yet，peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevisionviewers.

Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However，byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved，Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.

【语篇解读】　本文为议论文，题材为社会生活类。

传统观念认为，看电视会对孩子思维能力的培养产生负面的影响，还会让孩子远离阅读。

而著名心理学家安德森对此提出了不同的看法。

36．BywatchingTV，childrenlearn________.

A．imagesthroughwords

B．morethanexplicitmeanings

C．moreaboutimagesthanwords

D．littleaboutpeople'spsychology

解析：

事实细节题。

根据第二段第三句“Instead，theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.”可知答案为B项。

答案：

B

37．Aneducationalprogramisbestwatchedbyachild________.

A．onhisown　　　　B．withotherkids

C．withhisparentsD．withhisteachers

解析：

推理判断题。

根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Furthermore，asmanyteachersagree，childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem，explainingnewwordsandideas.可以推断出答案为C项。

答案：

C

38．Whichofthef

ollowingismostrelatedtochildren'sreadingability?

A．Radio－listening.

B．Television－watching.

C．Parents'readinglist.

D．Parents'educationalbackground.

解析：

事实细节题。

根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Thingslikeparents'educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild'sreading.”可知答案为D项。

答案：

D

39．Andersonbelievesthat________.

A．themoreachildwatchesTV，thesmarterheis

B．theyoungerachildis，themorehewatchesTV

C．thesmarterachildis，thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtoTV

D．thelessachildwatchesTV，thebetterheperformsatschool

解析：

推理判断题。

根据文章第四段第四句安德森所说“Ifyou'resmartyoung，you'llwatchlessTVwhenyou'reolder，”可以推断出答案为C项。

答案：

C

★40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A．Toadviseontheeducat