浙江广播电视大学期末考试.docx
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浙江广播电视大学期末考试.docx
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浙江广播电视大学期末考试
卷号:
8331/6247B卷
浙江广播电视大学7月期末考试
英语阅读(4)
Passage1
Readpassage1carefullyandcompleteitems1-5asrequired(15points,3points)
GlobalWarmingMayNotEndupBeingWarmatAll
Mostscientistsarenowcertainthatglobalwarmingistakingplace.Gasessuchascarbondioxideproducedbyburningofcoal,oil,wood,togetherwithindustrialpollution,arecreatingawarmblanketaroundtheearth.Thisblanketistrappingheatintheatmosphere(theprocessknownas“thegreenhouseeffect”),andsoraisingthetemperatureoftheearth(globalwarming).
Theevidenceforglobalwarmingcannowbeseenintheworld’schangingclimatestatistics.InEurope,eightofthelasttenyearshaveseenrecordhightemperatures.FornorthernEurope,thishasgenerallybeenachangeforthebetter.GardenerscannowevengrowsometropicalplantsinEngland,thoughLondonmayneverseea“WhiteChristmas”again.Ontheotherhand,thecountriesaroundtheMediterraneansea,andthosesouthoftheSaharadesertarereceivingevenlessrainthanbefore.Insub-SaharanAfricathecropsaredryingoutinthefieldsandpeoplearedyingofstarvation.IntheAmericas,theclimateisbecomingmoreextreme-thesummersaregettinghotterandthestormsarebecomingmoreviolent.In1999thesouthernUnitedStateswasstruckbyaseriesofdestructivehurricanes,whiletheendof1999sawtheworstfloodseverinVenezuela.Meteorologistsexpectsuchtrendstocontinue,andindeedtoworsen,ifglobalwarmingcannotbehalted.
Inadditiontoworryingaboutrisingglobaltemperaturesandmoreextremeweatherconditions,scientistsarecloselyarecloselymonitoringsealevelsaroundtheworld.Theseareslowlyrising,asthenorthernandsouthernpolaricecapsstarttomelt.Thiswillhaveseriousconsequencesforlow-lyingcountriesnearthesea,suchasthecoralislandsinthePacific,andBangladeshwheretheRiverGangesalreadyfloodsthedeltaeveryyear.Alreadypartsoftheseplacesaredisappearingundertherisingtides.
Accordingtonewresearch,onecontradictoryfeatureofglobalwarmingisthatitwillprobablyleadintheendtoaperiodofmuchcolderweather,atleastinEurope.Scientistsbasetheirtheoryonwhathappenedthelasttimetheworldwarmedup,8,300yearsago.TheyhavediscoveredthatwhentheicemeltedfromthenorthernpolaricecapitbecametrappedinanenormouslakeinnorthernCanada.Asmoreicemeltedthislakesuddenlyburstopen,releasingmillionsoftonsoffreezingfreshwaterintotheNorthAtlantic.ThisfloodofwaterwassolargethatitpreventedthenormalflowofwaterintheAtlantic,whichtakeswarmwaterfromthetropicsnorthtoEurope.Whenthisflowofwarmwaterwascutoff,temperaturesinEuropedroppedbybetweenthreeandeightdegreesCelsiusoverthenexttwohundredyears.ScientistsbelievethatasimilarprocesscouldoccurinthenextcenturyiftheGreenlandIceSheetstartstomelt.“Ultimately,that’stheinteresthere,”saysRichardAlley,anAmericanclimateexpert.“Theclimatehasn’tvariedmuchin8,000years.Butthebigchangescouldcomeback!
”
Selecttheappropriateanswerforeachofthefollowingquestions.
1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistherelationbetweenglobalwarmingandthegreenhouseeffect?
A)Globalwarmingcausesthegreenhouseeffect.
B)Thegreenhouseeffectcausesglobalwarming.
C)Globalwarmingandthegreenhouseeffectarebothtypesofindustrialpollution.
D)Globalwarmingandthegreenhouseeffectarenotconnectedinanyway.
2.AccordingtoParagraph2,theoveralleffectofglobalwarmingonEurope’sclimateis_____________.
A)adeclineinrainfall
B)amoretropicalclimate
C)ageneralimprovementintheweather
D)betterforsomecountriesandworseforothers
3.BangladeshismentionedinParagraph3becauseitis_________________.
A)acountrymadeupofcoralislands
B)acountrywithgoodseadefences
C)acountrythreatenedbyrisingsealevels
D)adevelopingcountry
4.AccordingtoParagraph4,theclimateinEuropebecamecolder8,300yearsagobecause__________.
A)globalwarmingreversed,andsotemperaturesstartedtodroparoundtheworld
B)icemovedsouthtocoverEuropeandtheNorthAtlantic
C)enormouslakesoffreezingwatercoveredCanadaandEurope
D)meltediceintheNorthAtlanticstoppedwarmwaterfromreachingEurope
5.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievethatglobalwarming_____________________.
A)willdefinitelyproduceacolderEuropewithin200years
B)willprobablyproduceacolderEuropein8,000years
C)willdefinitelynotproduceacolderEurope
D)willprobablyproduceacolderEuropeeventually
Passage2
Readpassage2carefullyandcompleteitems6-10asrequired(15points,3points)
AcidRain
Whenfossilfuelssuchascoal,gasoline,andfueloilsareburned,theyemitoxidesofsulfur,carbon,andnitrogenintotheair.Theseoxidescombinewithmoistureintheairtoformsulfuricacid,carbonicacid,andnitricacid.Whenitrainsorsnows,theseacidsfallontheearthinwhatiscalledacidrain.
Duringthe20thcentury,theacidityoftheairandacidrainhavecometoberecognizedasleadingthreatstothestabilityandqualityofEarth’senvironment.MostofthisacidityisproducedintheindustrializednationsoftheNorthernHemisphere-theUnitedStates,Canada,Japan,andmanycountriesofEurope.
Theeffectsofacidraincanbeverydestructivetomanyformsoflife,includinghumanlife.Itseffectscanbemostvividlyseen,however,inlakes,rivers,andstreams.Acidityinwaterkillsvirtuallyalllifeforms.Bytheearly1990s,tensofthousandsoflakeshadbeendestroyedbyacidrain.TheproblemhasbeenmostsevereinNorway,Sweden,andCanada.
ScientistsusewhatiscalledthePHfactortomeasuretheacidityoralkalinityofliquidsolutions.Onascalefrom0to14,thenumber0representsthehighestlevelofacid.14representsthemostbasicoralkaline.RainfallsintheeasternUnitedStatesandinWesternEuropeoftenhaveaPHfactorrangingfrom4.5to4.0.
Thethreatposedbyacidrainisnotlimitedbygeographicboundaries.Windscarrythepollutantsaroundtheglobe.Forexample,muchresearchsupportstheconclusionthatpollutionfromcoal-poweredelectricgeneratingstationsinthemidwesternUnitedStatesistheultimatecauseofthesevereacid-rainproblemineasternCanadaandthenortheasternUnitedStates.Norarethedestructiveeffectsofacidrainlimitedtothenaturalenvironment.Structuresmadeofstone,metal,andcementhavealsobeendamagedordestroyed.Someoftheworld’sgreatmonumentshaveshownsignsofdamage.Thisdamageisprobablycausedbyacidrain.
Thecostofantipollutionequipmentsuchasburners,filters,andchemicalandwashingdevicesisgreat.However,thecostindamagetotheenvironmentandhumanlifeisestimatedtobemuchgreaterbecausethedamagecausedbyacidrainmaybeirreversible.Althoughpreventivemeasuresarebeingtaken,upto5000,000lakesinNorthAmericamaybedestroyedbeforethe20thcentury.
Selecttheappropriateanswerforeachofthefollowingquestions.
6.Itcanbeconcludedfromthearticlethatacidrain_______________.
A)isaproblemthatcannotbesolvedbyonecountryalone
B)isathreatthatcannotbeeliminated
C)isthemostimportantproblemfacingtheworld
D)iscausingsevereproblemsinAfrica
7.Thearticletellsusthatthedestructionoflakesbyacidrainhasbeenmostseverewhere_______________.
A)thereisthemostindustry
B)theacidleveloftherainfall
C)windisthestrongest
D)rainfallsatefrequent
8Welearnfromthearticlethatlakesaredestroyedbyacidrainbecause_________________.
A)lakescannotexistwithoutlifeformsinwater
B)aciditykillsallformsoflifewhetheronlandorinthewater
C)thesurroundingvegetationiskilled
D)thereisnooxygeninthewater
9Theonlywaytoreversetheeffectsofacidrainisthrough_________________.
A)education
B)antipollutionequipment
C)measuringwateracidity
D)barringtheuseoffossilfuels
10Themostdamagingeffectsofacidrainmayeventuallybe________________.
A)lossofallrivers,lakes,andstreams
B)completedestructionofhistoricalmonuments
C)somelossofhumanlife
D)theeventualdestructionofcivilization
Passage3
Readpassage3carefullyandcompleteitems11-15asrequired(15points,3points)
ConversationalBallGames
AfterIwasmarriedandhadlivedinJapanforawhile,myJapanesegraduallyimprovedandIcouldtakepartinsimpleconversationswithmyhusbandandhisfriendsandfamily.Ibegantonoticethatoften,whenIjoinedin,theotherswouldlooksurprised,andtheconversationaltopicwouldcometoahalt.Afterthishappenedseveraltimes,itbecamecleartomethatIwasdoingsomethingwrong.Butforalongtime,Ididn’tknowwhatitwas.
Finally,afterlisteningcarefullytomanyJapaneseconversations,Idiscoveredwhatmyproblemwas.EventhoughIwasspeakingJapanese,IwashandingtheconversationinaWesternway.
Japanese-styleconversationsdevelopquitedifferentlyfromWestern-styleconversation.Andthedifferenceisn’tonlyinthelanguages.IrealizedthatjustasIkepttryingtoholdWestern-styleconversationsevenwhenIwasspeakingJapanese,somyEnglishstudentskepttryingtodoholdJapanese-styleconversationsevenwhentheywerespeakingEnglish.Wewereunconsciouslyplayingentirelydifferentconversationalballgames.
AWestern-styleconversationbetweentwopeopleislikeagameoftennis.IfIintroduceatopic,aconversationalball,Iexpectyoutohititback,ifyouagreewithme,Idon’texpectyousimplytoagreeanddonotingmore.Iexpectyoutoaddsomething–areasonforagreeing,anotherexample,oranelaborationtocarrytheideafurther.ButIdon’texpectyoualwaystoagre
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