英语中的主谓一致.docx
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英语中的主谓一致.docx
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英语中的主谓一致
英语中的主谓一致
英语主谓一致
一般说来,谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致,即主谓一致。
主谓一致涉及三个方面:
语法上一致,意义上一致,就近一致。
一、语法上一致
1不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时,谓语通常用单数。
Muchmilkisofferedtohim. ReadingaloudisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.
Tonodone’sheadmeansagreement. Whattheysaidistrue.
2and连接主语时,注意以下几点:
1)由and,both…and连接两个单数名词谓语用复数,但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人,同一物,同一事,同一概念时谓语用单数。
Bothbreadandbutterwereservedforbreakfastinthishotel.
Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.
2)凡是由each…andeach…,every…andevery…,no…andno…,manya…and manya…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。
Eachmanandeachwomanhasachancetoberaisedinourcompany.
Noboyandnogirldoesn’tgotoschoolattheageofseveninthisvillage.
3)由and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时,谓语用复数。
Goodandbadmeatinthemarketaresoldout.
4)不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时,谓语用单数。
BeerfromtheUSAandGermanyismuchbetterthatfromBritain.
5)凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词,谓语用复数,如果只有前一个名词带the(a或物主代词)则谓语用单数。
Theprofessorandthewriterhavepublishedafewnewbooksonradio.
Thetenthandlastchapteriswrittenbyayoungman.
6)由and连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时,谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。
Theteacher,andperhapshisstudentstoo,islikelytobepresent.
7)What从句的并列式作主语时,并列完整式常用复数,缩略式常用单数。
Whathesaysandwhathethinkshavenothingtodowithme.WhatIsayanddoismyownaffair.
8)由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时,根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。
Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.(MET1991)
Aisnotdecided Barenotdecided Chasnotdecided Dhavenotdecided
3主语+介词(短语):
with,except,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,over,besides,togetherwith,like,including,inadditionto等连接的名词时,谓语以介词(短语)前的主语为准,不受介词后的名词影响。
ThemanwithhsdaughtersandsonsiswatchingTV.
Thegirlsaswellastheteacheraredancing.
考例:
1)E-mail,aswellastelephones,______animportantroleinourdailylife(1999上海)
Aplaying Bplay Cplays Dhaveplayed
2)Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_______tothenationasagift.(MET1990)
Aisoffered Bhasoffered Careoffered Dhaveoffered
4不定代词either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,someone,somebody,anything,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither等作主语时,谓语用单数,none做主语时,谓语单复数均可。
Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.
Eitheroftheshirtsfitsmeverywell.
Noneofthefarmershas(have)beenabroad.
5manya(an)+名词和morethanone+名词做主语时谓语用单数。
Manyanappleisinthebasket.Morethanonestamphasbeencollectedbyher.
6在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。
Threeandfouris(are)seven.Twotimestenis(are)twenty.
7当kindof,pairof,typeof等做主语时,谓语与of前的kind,pair,type等保持一致。
如:
Thispairoftrousersfitsyou.Thekindoftheappletastesdelicious.
8当alotof,lotsof,plentyof等短语作主语时,谓语与of后的保持一致。
Thereareplentyofeggsinthebasket.Lotsofmeathasbeensoldout.
考例:
Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_______ofdesert______coveredtheland.(2001上海)
Anumber,has Bquantity,hasCnumber,have Dquantity,have
9当分数或百分数+名词作主语时,谓语与后面的名词保持一致。
Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.
70percentofpeoplehaveknownaboutthetruth.
考例:
_______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.(2000上海)
ATwofifth,is BTwofifth,are CTwofifth,isDTwofifths,are
10在oneof+复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词作主语引导定语从句时,谓语根据先行词来判断,若是oneof结构,定语从句用复数,若是the(only)oneof结构,定语从句用单数。
Zhouxiaisoneofthegirlswholikehiking.Tianliliistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohaspassedtheexam.
考例:
Heistheonlyofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(2002上海)
Ais Bare Chavebeen Dhasbeen
11“anumberof+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,”thenumberof+复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式。
Thenumberofbooksisnomorethan100,butanumberofthemisoflittleuse.
考例:
thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET1996)
Awere,was Bwas,was Cwas,were, Dwere,were
二、意义上一致
1当表示时间,距离,价格、度量等的名词作主语时谓语用单数。
Tenyearsisquitealongtime.
2当“the+形容词(过去分词)”指一类人作主语时,谓语用复数。
指个人或抽象概念时,谓语用单数。
Therichliveahappylife,whilethepoorliveahardlife.
Thewoundedisourcaptain.
3当maths(mathematics),politics,physics等学科名词作主语时,谓语用单数,但前有物主代词修饰指某人的某方面时,谓语用复数。
Mathsisdifficulttolearn. Hisphysicsarepoor.
4用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingbook. TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.
5如果名词词组的中心词是all,most,half,rest,part等词语,表示的是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式,反之用单数。
(单独all作主语,指人用复数,指物用单数)。
Alloftherubbishwasclearedaway. Alloftheclassmateshavepassedtheexamination.
6当集合名词family,class,army,group,team,enemy,government,public,couple等作主语时,如果主语看作一个整体,谓语用单数,如果看作其中的成员(个体时)谓语用复数。
Class3areunabletoagreeontheplan. HisfamilyhasjustmovedtoBeijing.
7有的名词如police,cattle,people,clothes,trousers等没有单数形式,作主语时,谓语只能用复数,而有的名词则是单数、复数相同,如sheep,deer,aircraft,mean,fish,works, species,等,作主语时,就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。
Shortlyaftertheaccident,thepoliceweresenttokeeporder.
考例:
Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear(2000上海)。
Aisused Bareused Chasbeenused Dhavebeenused
三、就近一致
1连词or,either…or,not…but,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,whether…or等连词并列作主语时,谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。
EitheryouorIamgoingtoanswerhisquestion.NotonlyhebutalsohisfriendshavebeentoNewYork.
考例:
Eitheryouortheheadmaster______theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting(1994上海)
Aishandingout Baretohandout Carehandingout Distohandout
2在therebe结构中,如果主语不只是一个,谓语通常和邻近的,即每一个主语一致。
如:
Thereisadeskandthreechairsintheroom.Therearethreechairsandadeskintheroom.
Addition:
表达祝愿的句型。
1)I/We/Letus+wish sb.+sth.
Iwishyouhappiness.Iwishyouafullrecovery.Iwishyoueverysuccessinyournewpost.Letuswishyoutheverybestofluck.
2)主语(IWeLetus)+wish+sb.+todosth.
Iwishyoutosucceedinyourperformance.Letuswishyoutowinstillgreatervictoriesinthescientificresearch.
3)主语(IWe)hope+宾语从句
Ihopeallisgoingwellwithyourfamily.
4)May+主语+动词原形+其它
Mayyoubothbealwayshappy.Mayyoureturnsafeandsound.Mayallhappinessattendyou.
5)主语(I/We/letme)+send/offer+宾语+for
Letmeoffermyheartygoodwishedforyoursuccess.
6)名词+tosb.
Successtoyouall!
Agoodjourneytoyou!
Goodlucktoeveryone!
1.Writingstoriesandarticles_______whatI’mfondof.
Ais Bwere Care Dhavebeen
2.EitheryouorI________goingtoattendthemeeting.
Ais Bare Cam Dwill
3.---Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,______togotouniversity.
----SodoI.
A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.tohope
4.Thesingerandcomposer______comingnextMonday.
Ais Bare Cwere Dwas
5.Theyoung________toberudetotheoldinsomeareasnowadays
Aseem Bseems Cseeming Dseemed
6.Lilyisoneofthestudentswho_______skating.
Alikes Blike Cliked Dliking
7.Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither______anyendtotheirinfluenceonman`slives.
A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethere
8.Bill’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,_______?
A.isn’titB,isitC.isn’theD.ishe
9.Itwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalguide_________.
A.wasthemountainclimberrescuedB.thatthemountainclimberwasrescued
C.whenthemountainclimberrescuedD.thenthemountainclimberwasrescued
10.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter______thatI’mtalkingto.
A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom
11.Seventypercentofthestudentshere______fromthecountryside.
A.isB.areC.comesD.hascome
12.Three—fourthsofthehomework______today.
A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished
13.Only_____intheschool______beenrepaired.
A.onethirdofthedesks;hasB.onethirddesks;haveC.onethirdofthedesks;have
D.onethirdofdesks;have
14.About40_____ofthepopulationofthatcountry______onfarms.
A.percent;livesB.percent;liveC.percents;liveD.percents;lives
15.Morethan60percentofworld’sradioprogrammes______inEnglish.
A.isB.wasC.areD.be
16.ThetotalnumberofthepopulationinChina_______about100milliononApril14,1989.
A.addedupB.wasC.wereD.rose
17.Alargenumberofthestudentsinourclass_______girls.
A.areB.wasC.isD.be
18.Thenumberofstudentsofthisschool______large.
A.areB.wasC.isD.be
19.Thewholeclass______theteacherattentively.
A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening
20.TheChinesepeople______hard—workingandbrave.
AareB.isC.hasbeenD.arebeing
21.Thepolice_______themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.
A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching
22.Thosewho______in_____compositions,pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.
A.hasn’thanded;hisB.haven’thanded;hisC.hashanded;theirD.havehanded;his
23.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho______bytheirteacher.
A.arepraisedB.ispraisedC.praisedD.praising
24.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______elected.
A.areB.haveC.hasD.is
25.Thesubjectofphysics_______alwaysinterestedhim.
A.hasB.haveC.isD.are
26.There______plentyofraininthesummer.
Ais Bare C
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