学术论文常用词汇.docx
- 文档编号:25293400
- 上传时间:2023-06-07
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:9
- 大小:88KB
学术论文常用词汇.docx
《学术论文常用词汇.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《学术论文常用词汇.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
学术论文常用词汇
学术论文常用词汇
学术论文常用词汇
学术论文的语言表达
一、时态
时态是个比较复杂的问题虽然有一般的规则但往往在实际文章中很难把握总体的
规则已在前边讲过需要重申的是在同一段落中要避免时态跳跃详见学术论文的写作最常见的描述一般现象的时态是一般现在时有时也用一般过去时或一般将来时
需要注意的语法
Inrecentyears作时间状语时通常要用完成时
Inrecentyears,Pleschandcoworkershaveconcludedthatmanyso-calledcationic
polymerizationsdonotproceedthroughintermediatesofanionicnature.
二、数词
数也有其复杂化特别是在学术论文里有是很难顾及数上的逻辑但一般不将逻辑上
的问题视为语法错误只须注意在一个句子中的数和谓语动词的统一即可
以下是需要注意的语法
不规则变化的单复数
anumberof复数名词复数
Ara-Cisoneofmostimportantantitumoragents,especiallyusedinthetreatmentofvariousleukaemias.
Oneofpossibilitiesforenhancingthepharmacologicalpropertiesistolinkittoacarrier.Biocompatibilityisoneofthemaincriteriafortheselectionofaparticularbiomaterial.3
Controlleddrugdeliverytechnologyrepresentsoneofmostrapidadvancingareasofscienceinwhichchemistsarecontributingtohumanhealthcare.
Severalmodelshavebeenproposedbutnoneappeartobegenerallyapplicable.
Noneofthepresentlyusedonesareappliedrigorously.
Thusfarnostudieshaveconclusivelydemonstratedlong-termvalueofanyofthecardiacgenetherapapproaches.
Thistypeofterminationisoftenreferredtoasspontaneoustermination.
Anumberofpolymerbackbonesthatarepotentiallydegradablearedetailedinthetext.ThenumberofmechanismswhichhavebeenproposedtoexplainthestereopecificityofZiegler-Nattacatalysts.
*Thenumberof复数名词:
整个做主语时谓语应为单数;但此句的动词have是从句的谓语而从句是形容mechanisms.
在其它的从句谓语中也是同样如:
Oneofthemechanismswhichhavebeen……
Aseriesoftelomersreportedintable1werethensynthesized.
Adiverserangeofmechanismshavebeendeveloped.
Polymersareapromisingclassofbiomaterialsthatcanbeengineeredtomeetspecificend-userequirements.
Themostimport
antclassofpoly(amides)forcontrolledreleasearethepoly(aminoacids).Themajorityofpoly(anhydrides)arepreparedbymelt-condensationpolymerization.
Awidevarietyofnaturalandsyntheticpolymershavebeenusedtofabricatetissue-engineeringmatrices.
后面通常要用复数名词对可数名词而言
variousdifferent
mostallmanyseveral
oneofmanyof
kindsof
anumberofthenumberof
a(wide)varietyofaclassof
aseriesofawiderangeof
Dozensofdifferenttypesofreceptorsarepresentontheaveragemammaliancell.
4
Inanumberofspecialapplications(e.g.contactlensesandskin-graftingmaterials),additionalrequirementssuchastransparencyshouldbeconsideredwhenselectingapolymer.
Manyofthesetransmembraneproteinsarereceptors.
Somepolymersarehighlycrystallineprimarilybecausetheirstructureisconductivetopacking,whileothersarecrystallineprimarilybecauseofthesecondaryforces.Forstillotherpolymers,bothfactorsmaybefavorableforcrystallization.
形容可数名词的量词
afewmanyanumberof
形容不可数名词的量词
agreat/small/certainamountofagreat/gooddealof
形容可数和不可数名词均可的量词
alotoflotsof
Althoughafewpolymersmaybecompletelyamorphousandafewcompletelycrystalline,mostpolymersarepartiallyorsemi-crystallineincharacter.
TheuseofIPNshasreceivedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsanddifferentkindsofIPNhavebeensynthesizedwithdifferentcompositions.
Themajoramountofworkonsizedistributionshasbeenonpolyestersandpolyimides.
Asizeableamountworkhasbeenpublishedonthecopolymerizationsofvariouscyclicmonomers.
以下结构的谓语的数
由前一个决定
aswellas……
由较靠近谓语动词的决定
notonly……butalso……
either……or……
neither……nor……
三、冠词
冠词是最易犯错误的地方一定要注意否则编辑的负担极重因为每句话都会用到冠词最普通的规则如下
单数名词前一般要加冠您身边的论文好秘书:
您的原始资料与构思,我按您的意思整理成优秀论文论著,并安排出版发表,企鹅1550116010、766085044自信我会是您人生路上不可或缺的论文好秘书词a,the等但有些情况可不加
复数名词前一般可不加冠词也可加the,these,those.
5
Themolecularweightofapolymerisofprimeimportanceinitssynthesisandapplication.
TherateconstantcanbeexpressedbyanArrheniustyperelationship
K=Ae-E/RT
WhereAisthecollisionfrequencyfactor,EtheArrheniusactivationenergy,andTtheKelvin
temperature.AplotoflnKversus1/TallowsthedeterminationofbothEandAfromtheslope
andintercept,respectively.
Whenawater-insolubleoronlyslightlywater-solublemonomerisadded,averysmallfraction
dissolvesandgoesintosolution.Alargebutstillsmallportionofthemonomerenterstheinterior
hydrocarbonpartofthemicelles.Thelargestportionofthemonomerisdispersedasmonomer
droplets.
被修饰的名词前要加the:
Therehasbeenarapidlyincreasingeffortinthelasttentofifteenyearstowardthesynthesisof
newpolymerswithmarkedlyhighertemperatureresistancethanthosepreviouslyavailable.
Thecatalystsusuallymustbepreparedatthelowtemperaturessincemostofthembecome
heterogeneouswhenpreparedatorwarmeduptothetemperaturesaboveabout-40.四从句分词不定式
这些是写作时常用且必须用到的结构一定要掌握在学术论文中从句分词不定式通常用来作修饰
Applicationsintherelativelynewfieldoftissueengineering,wherepolymersareusedtoassist
regenerationofthree-dimensionaltissuestructures,aremoreandmoreintegratedwithbiologicaldemands.
Therearethreegeneralsyntheticapproachesthathavebeenusedtoproducepolymerswith
increasedthermalstability.
Ifcertainsymmetryrequirementsaremet,themoleculesareabletopackintoanordered,lattice
arrangementandcrystallizationoccurs.ThetemperatureatwhichthisoccursisTm.Thereareatleasttwomechanismsthroughwhichtheinfectivityofavectorcanbeblocked.
Biodegradablepolymerscontainingˋhydrolysableˊgroupsintheirchains,whicharesusceptibletobiodegradationtolowmolecularweight,nontoxicproducts,havealsobeen
consideredforcontrolleddrugdeliverysystems.
Polymerspossessinghighstrength,solventandchemicalresistance,andserviceabilityathigh
temperatureswouldfindavarietyofuses.
6
Thechallengefacingcellandmolecularbiologistsistodecipherhowcellulareventsoccur.
Ageneralproblemencounteredinmanyofthepolymerizationsystemshasbeenadifficultyin
obtainingpolymersofsufficientlyhighenoughmolecularweighttohavereasonablestrength
properties.
Anotherapproachtoobtainrigidpolymerchainsisbythesynthesisofspiropolymers.五标点
英文中一句话结束要用句号注意避免过长的句子这点与汉语中常用逗号的习惯不同请注意以下结构的标点
……suchasAandB……
……suchasA,BandC……
……,suchasA,……
……,forexample,……
……,forexample……
……,e.g.,……
……,i.e.,……
……,respectively.
四、掌握一些学术论文常用的短语结构可大大降低写作的难度
Inordertomeetallofthesecriteria,thevectormustdeliverthegeneaccurately.Toovercomethisproblem,itwouldbeadvantageoustopseudotypelentiviralvectorswith
targetedMLVenvelopes.
Besidesidentifyingsuitableproteasesfortargeting,thesuccessofthis
protease-targeting
strategyreliesontheaccessibilityofthelinkertoproteasecleavage.
Wehavefocusedourinvestigationsontheinvitroandinvivobiologicalresponseofamouse
cellline.
Onthecontrary,thehomotelomerderivative11exhibitsnosubstantiallossofcytotoxicity
comparedtofreeAra-C.
Aftermorethanthreedecadesofdevelopment,inwhichnumerouspolymershavebeenusedto
replacebodyparts,clinicalsuccessisstillrelativelyrare.
7
Insomecases,polymericmaterialsfordrugdeliverymustsatisfyadditionalrequirements,such
asenvironmentalresponsiveness(e.g.pH-ortemperaturedependentphaseorvolumetransformations.)
Owingtothenatureoftheseinteractions,surfacemodificationstrategieshavebeenusedto
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 学术论文 常用 词汇