历年考研英语真题及答案.docx
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历年考研英语真题及答案.docx
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历年考研英语真题及答案
1991年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案
Ⅰ.Ineachsentence,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillsuitably
completethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthe
ANSWERSHEET(15point)
l.Theylosttheirwayintheforest,and_mademattersworsewasthatnight
beganto
fall.
A.thatB.itC.whatD.which
2._myretum,IlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumand
wouldnotbe
backforseveralhours.'
A.AtB.OnC.WithD.During
3.Anyonewhohasspenttimewithchildrenisawareofthedifferenceintheway
boysandgirls
respondto_situations.
A.similarB.alikeC.sameD.likely
4.Thereisnotmuchtimeleft;soI'lltellyouaboutit_.
A.indetailB.inbriefC.inshortD.inall
5.Inthisfactory,suggestionOftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully
_.
A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered
6.Thereisarealposibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_asudden
loud
noise.
A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen
7.Bytheyear2000,scientistsprobably_acureforcancer.
A.'willbediscoveringB.arediscovering
C.willhavediscoveredD.havediscovered
8.Jimisn't_,buthedidbadlyinthefinalexamslastsmester.
A.gloomyB.dullC.awkwardD.tedious
9.Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithout
hisparents'_
A.commandB.convictionC.consentD.compromise
IO.Hehad_onthesubject.
A.aratherstrongopinionB.ratherstrongopinion
C.ratherthestrongopinionD.theratherstrongopinion.
Il.WhenJanefelloffthebike,theotherchildren_
A.werenotabletohelplaughterB.couldnothelpbutlaughing
C.couldnothelplaughingD.couldnothelptolaugh
12.Itisbettertodieonone'sfeetthan_.
A.livingonone'skneesB.liveonone'sknees
C.onone'skneesD.toliveonone'sknees
13.Themostimportant__ofhisspeechwasthatweshouldallwork
wholeheartedlyfor
thepeople.
A.elementB.spotC.senseD.point
14.Thiswatchis__toalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.
A.superiorB.advantageousC.superD.beneficial
15.Inatyphoon,winds_aspeedgreaterthan120kilometersperhour.
A.assumeB.accomplishC.attainD.assemble
16.__theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor
17.Mary_myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.
A.hasreceivedB.oughttohavereceived
C.couldn'thavereceivedD.shouldn'thavereceived
18._tospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.
A.HardlyhadhebegunB.Nosoonerhadhebegun
C.NotuntilhebeganD.Scarcelydidhebegin
19.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_totheoutside
world.
A.beinglostB.havinglostC.losingD.lost
20.Thepolicemenwentintoaction_theyheardthealarm.
A.promptlyB.presentlyC.quicklyD.directly
21.ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound_inthewoodsoffthehighway.
A.vanishedB.abandonedC.scatteredD.rejected
22.Dresswarmly,__you'llcatchcold.
A.onthecontraryB.orratherC.orelseD.innoway
23.Ourresearchhasfocusedonadrugwhichisso_astobeabletochange
brainchemistry
.
A.powerfulB.influentialC.monstrousD.vigorous
24.Bobwascompletely_bytherobber'sdisguise.
A.takenawayB.takendownC.takentoD.takenin
25.Difficultiesandhardshipshave__thebestqualitiesoftheyounggeologist.
A.broughtoutB.broughtaboutC.broughtforthD.broughtup
26.Ourmodemcivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas_inashortperiodoftime.
A.beingcreatedB.tohavebeencreated
C.havingbeencreatedD.tobecreated
27.Eveniftheyareonsale,theserefrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnotmore
expensivethan,
__attheotherstore.
A.anyoneB.theothersC.thatD.theones
28.Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimto__the
investment
planwithinaweek.
A.workoutB.putoutC.makeoutD.setout
29.Heknowslittleofmathematics,and_ofchemistry.
A.evenmoreB.stilllessC.nolessD.stillmore
30.Thestudentsexpectedthere__morereviewingclassesbeforethefanil
exam.
A.isB.beingC.havebeenD.tobe
Ⅱ.Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Forachquestion
fouranswers
aregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchnosethebestanswertoeachof
thequestions.
PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(30poinb)
l
Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisfor
goodmento
donothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogood
people.
DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.
Somethinghasgone
terriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedinthe
areaofvalues.A
keyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:
accountability.
Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsiblefor
hisorher
actionsandliablefortheirconsequences.
Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether--honesty,kindness,andso
on--accountability
maybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,no
trust,nolaw--
and,ultimately,nosociety.
Myjobasapolioeofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,or
haveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypoliceman
knows,externalcontrolsonpeople'sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternal
restraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.
Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities--smallertowns,usually--whereschools
maintain
disciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:
"Inthisfamily
certainthingsarenot
tolerated--theysimplyarenotdone!
"
Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitisandsuburbs,theseinner
restraintsare
loosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhis
property;hetakeswhat
hewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.
Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,
ifacrime
wascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,
it'sthecriminal
whoisconsideredvictimized:
byhisunderpriviledgedupbringing,bytheschool
thatdidn'tteach
himtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bythe
parentswho
didn'tprovideastablehome.
Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoose
nottoengage
incriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountabiliy,we
becomeasociety
ofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.
WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwho
commitsa
crimeistheoneresponsibleforit.
31.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat__.
A.it'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil
B.it'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit
C.it'sonlynaturalforvinuetodefeatevil
D.it'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil
32.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,__.
A.societyistobeheldresponsible
B.moderncivilizationisrnponsibleforit
C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame
D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved
33.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave__.
A.lessself-disciplineB.bettersenseofdiscipline
C.moremutualrespect.D.lesseffectivegovernment
34.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat__.
A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals
B.peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards
C.today'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty
D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities
35.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat__.
A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies
B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow
C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople'sbehavior
D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability
2
Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,thepersonbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,
maybelong
orshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety'sdefinitionasto
whatconstitutesmaturity
andadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelatively
shortperiodof
time,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpattemsofprolongededucationcoupled
withlawsagainst
childlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostof
theseconddecadeof
one'slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinition
ofadulthoodstatus
maychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.
Examplesofthistypeof
changearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenth
centuryintheUnited
States,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagricultural
society.
Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformal
recognitionandsymbolicsignificance
andtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiation
ceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadto
increasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,
highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,and
whileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,the
significanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducational
ambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplaced
bylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,right,privilegesandresponsibilitis.Itis
duringthenineyearsfromthetwelft
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