学年高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtection单元综合测评北师大版.docx

学年高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtection单元综合测评北师大版.docx

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学年高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtection单元综合测评北师大版

Unit22EnvironmentalProtection

Ⅰ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

Treesareusefultomaninthreeimportantways:

theygivehimwoodandotherusefulthings,theygivehimcoolplaces,andtheyhelptostopdroughtandflood.

Unluckily,inmanypartsoftheworld,manhasnotfoundthatthethirdofthesepointsisthemostimportant.Manwantstomakemoneyfromtrees,sohehascutthemdowninlargenumbers,onlytofindthatwithoutthemhehaslostthebestfriendshehad.Andalso,heisusuallytoocarelesstoplantandlookafternewtrees.Sotheforestsslowlydisappear.

Thisdoesnotonlymeanthatmanwillhavefewertrees.Theresultsareevenworse:

forwheretherearetrees,theirrootsbreakupsoil－maketherainin－andalsobind（凝固）thesoil,thusstoppingitfrombeingwashedawayeasily;butwheretherearenotrees,therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsaway,causingfloodsandcarryingawaytherichtopsoil.Whenallthetopsoilisgone,nothingisleftbutuselessdesert.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。

文章告诉我们树木对人类有三种重要的用处，人类却不合理的对待树木以至于森林慢慢减少并且给人类带来洪涝干旱等灾害，同时文章也暗示我们要保护森林使其免遭大量的砍伐。

1．Themostimportantpointsoftreestomanis________.

A．theyhelphimtomakemoney

B．theygivehimcool

C．theygivehimwoodandotherthings

D．theyhelphimtostopdroughtandfloods

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据文章第一段和第二段第一句Unluckily,inmanypartsoftheworld,manhasnotfoundthatthethirdofthesepointsisthemostimportant.可知树木对人类最重要的一点是他们能帮助人类阻止干旱和洪水。

故选D。

【答案】　D

2．Inmanyplacesforestsslowlydisappearbecause________.

A．manytreeshavebeencutdownbyman

B．newtreesarenotwelllookedafter

C．manhasnotpaidenoughattentiontoplantingtrees

D．alltheabove

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据第二段Manwantstomakemoneyfromtrees,sohehascutthemdowninlargenumbers,onlytofindthatwithoutthemhehaslostthebestfriendshehad.Andalso,heisusuallytoocarelesstoplantandlookafternewtrees.Sotheforestsslowlydisappear.描述可知选项A、B、C都是人为的造成许多地方森林慢慢消失的原因。

故选D。

【答案】　D

3．Landbecomesdesertafteralltreesarecutdownbecause________.

A．rootsoftreesbreakupthesoil

B．therearetoomanyrainfalls

C．strongwindsbringalotofsand

D．therearenolongertreestokeeptherainandprotectthetopsoil

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段描述可知当所有的树木被砍伐后陆地就会变成荒漠是因为再也没有树木保留住雨水和保护表层土壤。

故选D。

【答案】　D

4．Whichtitlebestfitsthepassage?

A．TreesandMan

B．TheFunctionofTreeWood

C．HowDoPeopleDowithTrees?

D．TheUsageofTreeRoots

【解析】　标题归纳题。

文章第一段讲树木对人类的用处，下面几段又讲人类是怎么不合理的对待树木的。

所以本文最好的题目是树木和人类。

故选A。

【答案】　A

B

Therehavealwaysbeenalotofcommonlybelievedbutfalseideasaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.Somepeoplebelievethattheycan'thelpputtingonweightastheygetolder,whileothersholdthatiftheystopexercising,theirmuscleswillturnintofat.Herearesomemoremyths：

I'llneverloseweight－Icomefromafatfamily

Wrong!

Whilewecan'tchangethebodytypewearebornwith,wecan'tblameourgenesformakingusfat.There'splentyofevidencethatfatnessrunsinfamilies,andthemainreasonisthattheysharethesamehabitsofeatingtoomuchandexercisetoolittle.

IamfatbecauseIburncaloriesslowly

Wrong!

Fatnessisnotcausedbyaslowmetabolism（新陈代谢）．Iffact,althoughfatpeopleconsumemoreenergythatslimpeople,theyalsofailtorealizehowmuchtheyeat!

Keepingadiarycanhelpyouworkoutyourdailyfoodintakemoreaccurately.

Exerciseisboring

Wrong!

Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.Thekeyistodevelopabalancedandvariedprogramthat'sfunaswellasprogressive.IfyouenjoyaSundaywalk,takeadifferentroute.IfyoudoYoga,tryataichiclass.Ifyoulikeswimming,setyourselfadistanceortimechallenge.

Nopain,nogain

Wrong!

Exerciseisnotmeanttohurt.Indeed,painisyourbodytellingyousomething'swrong,andcontinuingtoexercisecouldleadtoseriousinjury.Youmayexperiencemilddiscomfortasyoubegintoexerciseregularly,butthisyourbodyadaptingtothepositivechangesinyourlifestyleandtheachesshoulddisappearrelativelyquickly.Ifyoudon't,restandseekmedicaladvice.

【语篇解读】　本文旨在澄清人们关于肥胖和运动的几个认识上的误区。

作者告诉我们：

“肥胖与遗传无关；肥胖不是因为新陈代谢缓慢；运动可以是有趣的；运动不以疼痛为代价”。

5．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutbeingfat?

A．Itisthefamilygenesthatmakepeoplefat.

B．Peoplearefatbecausetheyconsumetoolittleenergy.

C．Adiaryofexercisecanpreventpeoplefrombecomingfat.

D．Itistheconsequenceofpeople'sunbalancedlifestyle.

【解析】　推理判断题。

根据第二段的句子“andthemainreasonisthattheysharethesamehabitsofeatingtoomuchandexercisetoolittle”可知，人们肥胖的主要原因是生活方式的不平衡，表现为吃得太多而运动太少。

故选D。

【答案】　D

6．Accordingtotheauthor,howcanwemakeexercisemoreinteresting?

A．Bytakingvariedexercise.

B．Bychoosingsimpleexercise.

C．Bydoingregularexercise.

D．Bystickingtooutdoorexercise.

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据第四段的句子“Thekeyistodevelopabalancedandvariedprogramthat'sfunaswellasprogressive.”可知，多样化的运动可使运动变得有趣。

故选A。

【答案】　A

7．Whatistheauthor'sopinionabout“Nopain,nogain”inexercising?

A．Keepingfitisessentiallyapainfulexperience.

B．Exerciseshouldbestoppedifcontinuouspainisfelt.

C．Paininexerciseisapreconditionforreachingyourgoal.

D．Gettingusedtopainleadstopositivechangesinyourbody.

【解析】　推理判断题。

根据最后一段的句子“Exerciseisnotmeanttohurt.Indeed,painisyourbodytellingyousomething'swrong,andcontinuingtoexercisecouldleadtoseriousinjury.”作者认为运动只会带来轻微的“不适”，“疼痛”是生病的征兆，继续运动会造成严重损伤。

故疼痛持续，应停止运动。

故选B。

【答案】　B

8．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A．Todeclaretheimportanceofkeepingfit.

B．Toclarifysomemisconceptionsaboutfatnessandexercise.

C．Toconfirmwhathaslongbeenbelievedaboutkeepingfit.

D．Toexplainsomemedicalfactsaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.

【解析】　写作意图题。

根据第一段的句子“Therehavealwaysbeenalotofcommonlybelievedbutfalseideasaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.”可知，作者写本文是为了指出人们关于肥胖和运动的认识误区。

故选B。

【答案】　B

C

WhenPaulwasaboygrowingupinUtah,hehappenedtolivenearacoppersmelter（炼铜厂）,andthechemicalsthatpouredouthadmadeawastelandoutofwhatusedtobeabeautifulforest.Onedayayoungvisitorlookedatthiswastelandandcalleditanawfularea.Paulknockedhimdown.Fromthenon,somethinghappenedinsidehim.

YearslaterPaulwasbackinthearea,andhewenttothesmelteroffice.Heaskediftheyhadanyplansoriftheywouldlethimtrytobringthetreesback.Theanswerfromthatbigindustrywas“No”．

Paulthenwenttocollegetostudythescienceofplants.Unfortunately,histeacherssaidthereweren'tanybirdsorsquirrelstospreadtheseeds.Itwouldbeawasteofhislifetotrytodoit.Everyoneknewthat,hewastold.Evenifhewasknowledgeableashehadexpected,hewouldn'tgethisideaaccepted.

Paullatergotmarriedbuthisdreamwouldnotdie.Andthenonenighthedidwhathecouldwithwhathehad.AsSamuelJohnsonwrote,“Itiscommontooverlookwhatisnearbykeepingtheeyefixedonsomethingremote.Attainablegoodisoftenignoredbymindsbusiedinwideranges.”Underthecoverofdarkness,hewentsecretlyintothewastelandandstartedplanting.

Andeveryweek,hemadehissecretjourneyintothewastelandandplantedtreesandgrass.Forfifteenyearshedidthisagainstthe_plain_common_sense.Slowlyrabbitsappeared.Later,astherewaslegalpressuretocleanuptheenvironment,thecompanyactuallyhiredPaultodowhathewasalreadydoing.

Nowtheplaceisfourteenthousandacresoftreesandgrassandbushes,andPaulhasreceivedalmosteveryenvironmentalawardUtahhas.Ittookhimuntilhishairturnedwhite,buthemanagedtokeepthatimpossiblevow（誓言）hemadetohimselfasachild.

【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述的就是Paul用自己的毅力实现了自己的理想，让一块污染之地成为了绿洲。

9．WhenPaulwasaboy,________.

A．hehaddecidednevertoleavehishometown

B．theeconomyofUtahdependedwhollyonthecoppersmelter

C．hehitayoungvisitorbecauseofhiscommentsonthewasteland

D．hestoppedthecoppersmelterpollutingthearea

【解析】　综合判断题。

根据第一、二段可知，Paul小时候住在炼铜厂附近，深受其害（动物没了，树木少了），从小就立志改变这种状况，所以他几年后就到工厂去，询问工厂是否制定计划植树或让他植树，但工厂拒绝了。

这就说明当时还没有环境保护法。

D选项的时态错误。

【答案】　C

10．Paulwenttocollegetostudythescienceofplants,because________.

A．hewantedtofindoutthebestwaytosavetheareahimself

B．hewasinterestedinplantingtreessincehewasyoung

C．hewantedtogetmoreknowledgeablepeopletohelphim

D．hethoughthisknowledgewouldmakehisadvicemoreconvincing

【解析】　推理判断题。

从第二段中Paul没有说服工厂植树，树立环保意识可知，他认为知识会使他的建议更有说服力，故选D项。

【答案】　D

11．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theplaincommonsense”probablymean?

A．Itwasimpossiblefortreestogrowonthewasteland.

B．Hisnormalworkandlifewouldbegreatlyaffected.

C．Noonewouldliketojoinhimintheefforts.

D．Hehadtokeepeverythinghedidsecret.

【解析】　词义猜测题。

从短语的上下文可知Paul每天秘密地去那片荒地植树。

这么做是明知道荒地上种不了树，还这么做。

【答案】　A

12．ThecompanyhiredPaultoplanttreesandgrassbecause________.

A．theyrealizedtheimportanceofenvironmental

protection

B．whatPaulwasdoingmovedthem

C．Paulpersuadedthemtohelphim

D．theyhadlegalpressure

【解析】　细节推断题。

根据倒数第二段最后一句Later,astherewaslegalpressuretocleanuptheenvironment,thecompanyactuallyhiredPaultodowhathewasalreadydoing.可知由于法律上的压力，故选D项。

【答案】　D

D

AChineseactor'sdivorcefromhiswife,overherallegedextramaritalaffair,hassocialmediabuzzing,withpostsaboutthesubjectgainingoverfivebillionviews.

WangBaoqiangannouncedonlineonSundaythathewasdivorcinghiswife,MaRong,andsackinghisagent,SongZhe.Heallegedthathismarriagebrokedownafterhiswifehadanaffairwithhisagent,andthatshehadalsotransferredthecouple'sjointassets.MahashitbackatWang,accusinghimofabandoningtheirfamily.

Thetopichassparkedadebateaboutrelationshipsanddivorce.ItseemsWang'ssituati