四级写作中词汇量不足的应急措施.docx
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四级写作中词汇量不足的应急措施.docx
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四级写作中词汇量不足的应急措施
写作中词汇量不足的应急措施
在四六级作文中,词汇量不足是影响成绩的一个重要因素。
一个意思往往因为一个单词不会而表达不清,一个好的句子也会因为一个词汇想不起来而不能完成。
如何应付这种情况使作文顺利进行下去?
下面是三种简便易行的应急措施可能对你会有所帮助。
1.试用笼统词
英语语言中笼统词又have,take等,笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛,搭配性强,构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。
虽然不能精确表达一个动作,却能大致表达意思。
在一些具体动词写不出来的时候,用这些笼统词取代,也能收到异曲同工的效果。
例如:
我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。
Iexperiencedaterriblehardtime.
这一句中,experience被遗忘时,用have代替,成为:
Ihadaterriblehardtime.其效果及表达的意义决不亚于第一句。
这样的例子还很多。
如:
Doyouunderstandmymeaning,sir?
=Doyoutakemymeaning,sir?
Iwillpresideoverthemeeting.=Iwilltakethemeeting.
Iwillsubscribetothelocalnewspaper.=Iwilltakethelocalnewspaper.
Theyoccupiedthecity.=Theytookthecity.
Theboyresembleshisfather.=Theboytakesafterhisfather.
从以上的例句不难看出,具体词音节较多,使用频率不高,容易遗忘,而笼统词则不然。
因此,在作文应试中,笼统词取代具体词,不失为一种应急良策。
2.联想有关词汇
当遗忘产生时,或遇到未曾学过的词时,应采取放射性思维,发挥想象力,想出一切与之有关的单词,利用语言的内在联系,多层次,多角度地运用语言。
一般情况下,联想可按下列思路进行:
1联想同义词;2联想反义词。
英语语言中众多的同义词在许多情况下是可以通用的。
利用这一规律,由于某个单词受阻而影响全篇写作的情况便不会出现。
试看下列句子:
Ihadanightmarelastnight.=Ihadabaddreamlastnight.
Nightmare使用频率不太高,因此不太好记。
而其同义词baddream却很容易记。
以后者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义。
再比如:
Idon‘tunderstandthisword.也可以说成Idon’tknowthisword.
另外:
Heisstupid.=Heisfoolish.=Heisafool.=Heissilly.
Thefoodisdelicious.=Thefoodistasty.=Thefoodisnicetoeat.
Theydiscontinuedtheworkatfive.=Theystoppedtheworkatfive.
Histemperisnasty.=Histemperisterrible.=Hehasabadtemper.
英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的,词与词之间语义的“共核”现象即所谓的同义词。
丰富的同义词给我们提供了极大的方便。
同样,用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的,请看下面的例子:
Heisstubborn.=Heisnottame.
Theknifeisblunt.=Theknifeisnotsharp.
Thisisexpensive.=Thisisnotcheap.
Sheistalkative.=Sheisneverquiet.
3.试用解释性语句
语言的功能在于表达,而表达的方式是多种多样的。
当一个词影响到?
?
以沟通。
英?
?
请看下面的句子:
Heisadumb.=Heisapersonwhocannotspeak.
Herefused.=Hesaid“no”.
I‘veneverseensuchastubbornperson.=I’veneverseensuchapersonwhoneverlistenstoother‘sadvice.
解释性语句能帮助我们巧妙地避开一些大词,难词,又能使意思表达流畅,不失为一聪明之举。
比较下面两篇文章:
(1)
Examinationisacommonheadachetostudentsallovertheworld.Theyalldetestis,butallbeingdomineeredbyit.Itrepresentsatrial;thegradeitsverdict.
Nowadays,examinationhasbecomeapopularformoftesting.Italmostcandominateone‘sfuture.Iamnotexaggerating;foryouallknowitistrue.Ifwewanttoobtainadiploma,wemustfirstpasstheexams.Ifwedonothaveadiploma,wemaynotfindajobeasily.Thatisthereasonwhyallstudentsarenervousandpalewhentheyaresittingforanimportantexaminationwhichmayconcerntheirfuture.
Butaslongasexaminationisonitspeakofpower,wemustbephilosophicalofit.Donotalwaysthinkoftheharmthatitbrings,butthinkofthegooditmaydotous.Ifwedonothaveexams,wemayindulgeourselvesinotherthingsinsteadofbooks.Examshavetoalwaysdriveuson.Whatiswrongforlearningmoreandthoroughly?
(2)
Examinationisacommonheadachetostudentsallovertheworld.Theyalldislikeit(hateit),butallbeingruledbyit.Itisatrial;thegradeitsdecision.
Nowadays,examinationhasbecomeapopularformoftesting.Italmostcancontrolone‘sfuture.Iamtellingthetruth,foryouallknowitistrue.Ifwewanttogetagraduationpaper,wemaynotfindajobeasily.Thatisthereasonwhyallstudentsarenervousandpalewhentheyaresittingforanimportantexaminationwhichmayhavesomethingtodowiththeirfuture.
Butaslongasexaminationisonitshighestpointofpower,wemusthaveacalmattitudetoit.Donotalwaysthinkoftheharmthatitbrings,butthinkofthegooditmaydotous.Ifwedonothaveexams,wemayspendourtimeonotherthingsinsteadofbooks.Examshavetoalwaysdriveuson.Whatiswrongforlearningmoreanddeeply?
比较两篇文章,第一篇短小精干,用词准确,不失为一篇优秀作文。
而第二篇全篇采用最普通的词汇,意思同样清楚,也不失得体,流畅。
四六级作文的评分标准一般侧重于能清楚地表达意义,段落,层次有系统性,语法正确,而并不过分强调用词的精确度。
因此作文应试的要领应该是快捷、清楚、流畅。
所以,就考试而言,碰到难词或遗忘词时,过分地把时间花在“钻牛角尖”上是不明智的,而应该采取灵活的思维方法、迂回的战术,运用简单、易记的词汇及表达方式,从而能够运用有限的词汇作出美妙的文章,轻松自如地驾驭语言,把握时机,以聪明克服缺陷,以机智灵巧克服学究式的笨拙,以少胜多,最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。
写作词汇贫乏的来看看
1解决:
Solve,dealwith,copewith,handle,resolve,address,tackle
2损害:
Damage,hurt,injure,harm,impair,undermine,jeopardize
3给与:
Give,offer,render,impart,provide,supply,afford
4培养:
:
Develop,cultivate,foster
5优势:
Advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strength
6缺陷:
Disadvantage,demerit,drawback,downside,weakness
7使迷惑:
Puzzle,bewilder,perplex,baffle
8重要的:
Key,crucial,critical,important,significant,vital,substantial,indispensable,imperative
9认为:
Think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,beconvinced,befirmlyconvinced,befullyconvinced
10保护:
Protect,conserve,preserve
11确保:
Assure,ensure,guarantee,pledge
12有害的:
Bad,banefulevil,harmful,detrimental
13要求:
Request,demand,needs,requisition
14消除:
Eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,takeaway,smoothaway
15导致:
Leadto,bringabout,resultin,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,procure,induce,generate
16因此:
So,therefore,thus,hence,consequently,asaconsequence,accordingly,asaresult,becauseofthis,asaresultofthis
17增长至:
Growto,riseto,increaseto,goupto,climbto,ascendto,jumpto,shootto
18降低至:
Dipto,fallto,declineto,decreaseto,dropto,godownto,reduceto,slumpto,descendto,sinkto,slideto
19保持稳定:
Levelout,donotchange,remainstable,remainstill,remainsteady,bestable,maintainthesamelevel,remainunchanged,bestill,remainthesamelevel,stayconstant,keepatthesamelevel,leveloff,stabilize,keepitsstability,evenout
20急剧地:
Dramatically,drastically,sharply,hugely,enormously,steeply,substantially,considerably,significantly,markedly,surprisingly,strikingly,radically,remarkably,vastly,noticeably
21平稳地:
Steadily,smoothly,slightly,slowly,marginally,gradually,moderately,mildly
22宣称:
Allege,assert,declare,claim
23发生:
Happen,occur,takeplace
24原因:
Reason,factor,cause
25发展:
Development,advance,progress
26有益的:
Useful,helpful,beneficial,profitable,rewarding,advantageous
27影响:
Influence,impact,effect
28明显的:
Clear,obvious,evident,self-evident,manifest,apparent,crystal-clear
29占:
Comprise,takeup,accountfor,constitute,consistof,makeup,occupy,hold,compose
30与…相比:
Comparedwith,comparedto,incomparisonwith,incomparisonto,bycomparisonwith,bycomparisonto
31对比而言:
Bycontrast,incontrast,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary=,conversely
32展示:
Show,reveal,illustrate,demonstrate,depict,present,represent,describe
33大约:
Approximately,almost,about,around,nearly,roughly
34波动:
Fluctuate,goupsanddowns,displayafluctuation,demonstrateafluctuation
35事实上:
Practically,inpractice,essentially,inessence,inreality,ineffect,infact,asamatteroffact,itisafactthat
36换言之:
Namely,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitlikethis,toputitdifferently,toputitfromanotherway,toputitfromanotherangle.
写作常用替换词(有词性分类)
★形容词:
1.贫穷的:
poor=needy=impoverished=poverty-stricken
2.富裕的:
rich=wealthy=affluent=well-to-do=well-off
3.优秀的:
excellent=eminent=top=outstanding
4.积极的,好的:
good=conducive=beneficial=advantageous
5.消极的,不良的:
bad=detrimental=baneful=undesirable
6.明显的:
obvious=apparent=evident=manifest
7.健康的:
healthy=robust=sound=wholesome
8.惊人的:
surprising=amazing=extraordinary=miraculous
9.美丽的:
beautiful=attractive=gorgeous=eye-catching
10.有活力的:
energetic=dynamic=vigorous=animated
11.流行的:
popular=prevailing=prevalent=pervasive
★动词:
1.提高,加强:
improve=enhance=promote=strengthen=optimize
2.引起:
cause=trigger=endanger
3.解决:
solve=resolve=address=tackle=copewith=dealwith
4.拆除:
destroy=teardown=knockdown=eradicate
5.培养:
develop=cultivate=foster=nurture
6.激发,鼓励:
encourage=motivate=stimulate=spur
7.认为:
think=assert=hold=claim=argue
8.完成:
complete=fulfill=accomplish=achieve
9.保留:
keep=preserve=retain=hold
10.有害于:
destroy=impair=undermine=jeopardize
11.减轻:
ease=alleviate=relieve=lighten
★名词:
1.影响:
influence=impact
2.危险:
dangerous=perils=hazardous
3.污染:
pollution=contamination
4.人类:
humanbeings=mankind=humanerace
5.老人:
oldpeople=theold=theelderly=theaged=seniorcitizens
6.幸福:
happiness=cheerfulness=well-being
7.老师:
teachers=instructors=educators=lecturers
8.教育:
education=schooling=familyparenting=upbringing
9.青少年:
youngpeople=youngsters=youths=adolescents
10.优点:
advantage=merits=superiority=virtue
11.责任:
responsibility=obligation=duty=liability
12.能力:
ability=capacity=power=skill
13.职业:
job=career=employment=profession
14.娱乐:
enjoyment=pastimes=recreation=entertainment
15.孩子:
children=offspring=descendant=kid
★短语:
1.充满了:
befilledwith=beawashwith=beinundatewith=besaturatedwith
2.努力:
strugglefor=aspireafter=strivefor=sparenoeffortsfor
3.从事:
embarkon=takeup=setabout=goinfor
4.在当代:
incontemporarysociety=inpresent-daysociety=inthisdayandage
5.大量的:
ahostof=amultitudeof=avastnumberof=avastamountof
1.people=individuals人们(Thosewho)
2.manypeople=amajorityofpeople大多数人
3.alotof=agreatdealof=plentyof很多(修饰不可数名词)
4.agreatnumberof=alargequantityof=considerableamountof很多(可数名词)
5.plentiful-abundant丰富的,大量的
6.expensive=pricy贵的
7.thing=item东西,物品
8.humans=humanbeings=humanrace人类
9.benefit=conduceto=help=contributeto有助于(动词)
10.harm=damage=endanger=undermine危害(动词)
11.beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)有好处的(形容词)
12.harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的(形容词)
13.education=schooling教育
14.think=believe=hold认为
15.oppose=objectto=beagainst反对
16.support=beinfavorof=befor支持
17.asfo
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