最新定语从句辅导专题1.docx
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最新定语从句辅导专题1.docx
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最新定语从句辅导专题1
定语从句精品学案
一.定语从句的定义:
定语从句就是用一个句子做定语,即:
用一个句子去修饰限定一个名词或代词,这样的句子就是定语从句。
二.定语从句的构成:
先行词+(引导词+从句部分)
解读:
1:
先行词:
被定语从句所修饰的词(名词或代词)叫先行词。
定语从句放在先行词的后边。
解读:
2:
定语从句由于关系代词和关系副词引导,关系代词或关系副词放在定语从句句首,起联系作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。
经典例句:
1.窗户朝南的那间房间是我的。
Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.
2.那些被困在废墟里的人已经得救了。
Thosewhoweretrappedundertheruinsfinallygotrescued.
3.这就是你们上个礼拜参观过的学校吗?
IsthistheschoolthatyouvisitedlastSunday?
4.我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。
Thebuildingwhichwearelookingatusedtobeahospital.
三.引导词的选择办法:
常见引导词:
关系代词:
which、that、who、whom、whose、as(单讲)
关系副词:
why、when、where、介词+which、whom
引导词判断原则:
有先行词的性质与关系词所做的成分确定。
即:
先行词性质+关系词所做的的成分=引导词
1)成分的判断方法:
①在定语从句中一般只判断四种成分:
主、宾、定、状,表(表语只放在系动词之后,较好判断,本判断过程不再讲述)。
②从句中缺少什么成分,说明就是什么成分。
判断方法:
1主语,方法是找出从句的谓语动词,然后看其前是否有名词或代词:
2定语,方法是判断“__________”后是名词,该名词与先行词是所有格关系.
3宾语,从句中的及物动词和介词:
4不是以上三种成分则是状语
2)先行词的性质:
两类
人
非人:
普通物质名词,时间名词,地点名词,reason
对应关系:
1.关系代词:
主语+人=that、who;
宾语+人=that、who、whom、省略;
主语+普通物质名词=which、that;
宾语+普通物质名词=which、that、省略;
经典例句:
1)Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.
2)Heistheman(that/who/whom/)Itoldyouabout.
3)Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.
4)Thisrecorder(which/that)heisusingismadeinJapan.
经典例题:
1.(2011上海卷)39.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
2.2011山东卷)32.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
2.关系副词:
+主语/宾语=that/which(当为宾语时还可省略)高考重点:
★★★★★
1)地点名词
+状语=where
经典例句:
Heshowedmethebuildingwherehisfatherworked.
Heshowedmethebuildingwhich/thatwasbeingbuiltinhisschool.
ThisistheplacewhereIlived5yearsago.
Thisistheplacewhich/thatwevisitedyesterday.
典型例题:
1.Thevillagehasdevelopedalotwelearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.(2007福建卷)
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where
2.(2009上海卷)Mozart’sbirthplaceandthehouse______hecomposed“TheMagicFlute”arebothmuseumsnow.
A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which
3.(2009重庆卷)Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.
A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where
4.(2010天津卷8).—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.
A.asB.whichC.whereD.that
+主语/宾语=that/which(当为宾语时还可省略)
2)时间名词
+状语=when
经典例句:
Thisisthereasonwhywemustgoearlier.
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwemetforthefirsttime.
I’llneverforgetthedaythat/whichwespenttogetherinBeijing.
经典例题:
1.(09江苏)Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone____local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.
A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since
2.(2011江苏卷)24.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
3.【2012全国卷II】⒏Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
4.【2012浙江】9.Weliveinanage______moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.
A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich
+主语/宾语=that/which(当为宾语时还可省略)
3)reason
+状语=why
经典例句:
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyheisalwayslateforschool.
Idon’tknowthereasonthat/which/省略hegavewasnottrue.
典型例题:
Thisisthereason________hewaskilled.
A.thatB.whyC.whenD.who
3.关系代词:
whose
人/物+定语=whose
经典例句:
Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisafamousdoctor.
ThecompanywhosenamewasNotcowasinAustralia.
典型例题:
1.(2009湖南卷)IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity______namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.
A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose
2.(2010陕西卷11).Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.
A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose
3.(2010山东卷24).That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
4.(2011全国卷I)31.Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
四.定语从句中几个必须注意的问题
1.必须记住的及物动词与不及物动词
及物动词:
spend、visit、learn、reach、do、see、find、treat
不及物动词:
stay、work、live、matter、
提醒:
必须明确知道及物动词与不及物动词的意义
2.从句谓语动词是被动语态说明的问题:
从句谓语动词是被动语态说明从句中不缺宾语(能够接双宾语的动词除外)。
3.在定语从句中,以下抽象名词作先行词时看做地点:
stage、situation、business、case、activity、point,job,family等。
另:
occasion看做时间。
这些词并不是真正的做地点概念,但是在定语从句中当做地点概念来理解,因此如果这些词在从句中做的是状语的时候,引导词用where或in+which.
典型例题:
1).Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.(07陕西)
A.whichB.asC.whyD.where
2).Salesdirectorisaposition______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.【2012重庆】
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
3).It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation_______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.
(2009福建卷)
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
4.在限定性定语从句中,当引导词在从句中做主语、宾语时,只用that不用which的情况:
1)当先行词为all,much,little,none及由any,every,some,no所构成的复合不定代词时。
如:
Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.
2)当先行词被theonly,both,thevery,all,no,little/few,much,any,every等词修饰时。
(重要系数★★★★★)
如:
Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.
3)当先行词为序数词或被序数词和相当于序数词概念的thelast等所修饰时。
(重要系数★★★★★)
如:
WhenpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofChina,thefirstthatcomestomymindisBeijing.
4)当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
(重要系数★★★★★,难度系数★★)
如:
ThebestthatIcoulddowastoapologize.
5)当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
(重要系数★★★,难度系数★★)
如:
Theyaretalkingoftheheroinesandtheirdeedsthatinterestthem.
6)当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。
(重要系数★,难度系数★★★★)
如:
Whothathaseverworkedtogetherwithhimdoesn’tadmirehim?
7)当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
(重要系数★,难度系数★★★★)
如:
That’sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.
Ourschoolisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.
经典例题:
1.Who_____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?
A.whichB.who C.whomD.that
2.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.
A.thatB.those C.which D.what
3.Yesterdayeveningwetalkedaboutthepersonsandthethingsintheschool______wecanremember.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.aboutwhich
5.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。
1)形式上的区别:
主句与从句之间是否有“,”有是非限制性定语从句;无则是限制性定语从句。
2)引导词方面的区别:
非限制性定语从句①不可以用that/why/介词+which引导;②引导词在从句中做宾语时不可以省略
综合训练:
1.(2008山东卷)26.Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.
A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
2.(2011天津卷)10.Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which
3.【2012江西】28.By16:
30,____wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.
A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that
4.(2009安徽卷)Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.
A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom
5.(2010北京卷27).Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that
6.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheneededtodecidewhattodo.(2007江西卷)
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
7.(2008江西卷)35.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_________consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.
A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which
8.(2008重庆卷)21.TheywillflytoWashington,___theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.
A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when
9.(2009浙江卷)IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.
AwhichBwhereChowDwhy
10.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
11.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.
A.allwhich B.allwhat C.thatallD.all
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