英语二 资料.docx
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英语二 资料.docx
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英语二资料
英语二资料
Part1将下列短文译成汉语
(1)
Passage1
Howmenfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwehavereallyknowisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actions,andthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbecombinedtopresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thesesounds,whetherspokenorwritteninletters,arecalledwords.
Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirociations—thethingstheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthemeansomethingincrease.
Passage2
AcharacteristicofAmercianculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheselfmademan—themanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisownefforts,usuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.Whiletheleaderinbusinessorindustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommandsgreaterrespectinthecommunitythanthecommonlaboreroreventheskilledfactoryworker,hemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaasafarmerorlaborerofsomesort.
Passage3
Formostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travellingtoandfromwork.Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesourstandardoflivingandtoconsiderableextentthestatusweareaccorded(给予)byourfellowcitizensaswell.Itissometimessaidthatbecauseleisurehasbecomemoreimportant,theindignitiesandinjusticesofworkcanbepushedintoacorner,thatbecausemostworkisprettyintolerable,thepeoplewhodoitshouldcompensateforitsboredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsbyconcentratingtheirhopesontheotherpartsoftheirlives.
Passage4
Therearemanyaspectsthewomen’sliberationmovement.Somewomenagreewithallofthegoalsofwomen’sliberation.Theywantfullequalitywithmenineveryaspectoflife.Inmarriage,theywanthusbandandwivestosharealloftheworkandresponsibilitiesofahomeandfamily.Inwork,theywantwomenandmentohavethesamejobsandthesamechancetosucceed.Theywantwomentobepaidjustasmuchasmenforthesamework.Otherwomenagreewithonlysomeoftheideasofwomen’sliberation.Theywantthesamepayiftheyholdthesamejobasmen.Athome,however,theydonotexpecttheirhusbandstoshareinthecleaning,cooking,andotherhousholdjobs.
Part2阅读理解
(1)
Passageone
Untilthe1980s,theAmericanhomelesspopulationcomprisedmainlyoldermales.Today,homelessnessstrikesmuchyoungerpartofsociety.Infact,a25-citysurveybytheU.S.ConferenceofMayorsin1987foundthatfamilieswithchildrenmakeupthefastestgrowingpartofthehomelesspopulation.Manyhomelesschildrengatherininnercities;thistransient(变化无常的)andfrequentlyfrightenedstudentpopulationcreatesadditionalproblems—bothlegalandeduational—foralreadyoverburdenedurbanschooladministratorsandteachers.
EstimatesofthenumberofhomelessAmericansrangefrom350,000tothreemillion.Likewise,estimatesofthenumberofhomelessschoolchildrenvaryradically.AU.S.DepartmentofEducationreport,basedonstateestimates,statesthatthereare220000homelessschool-agechildren,aboutathirdofwhomdonotattendschoolonaregularbasis.ButtheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessestimatesthatthereareatleasttwotimesasmanyhomelesschildren,andthatlessthanhalfofthemattendschoolregularly.
Onepartofthehomelesspupulationthatisparticularlydifficulttocountconsistsofthe“throwaway”youthswhohavebeencastoftheirhomes.TheElementarySchoolCenterinNewYorkCityestimatesthatthereare1.5millionofthem,manyofwhomarenotcountedaschildrenbecausetheydonotstayinfamilysheltersandtendtolivebythemselvesonthestreets.
Federallaw,theStewartB.McKinneyHomelessAssistanceActof1987,includesasectionthataddressestheeducationalneedsofhomelesschildren.TheeducationalprovisionsoftheMcKinneyActarebasedonthebeliefthatallhomelesschildrenhavetherighttoafree,appropriateeducation.
1.Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat.()
A.thewriterhimselfishomeless,eveninhiseighties
B.manyolderonselessresidentsaregoingonstrikein25cities
C.thereisaseriousshortageofacademicfacilities
D.homelesschildrenaredeniedtheopportunityofreceivingfreeeducation
2.TheNationalCoalitionforthehomelessbelievesthatthenumberofhomelesschildrenis.()
A.350000B.1500000C.440000D.110000
3.Onepartofthehomelesspopulationisdifficulttoestimate.Thereasonmightwellbe.()
A.thehomelesschildrenaretooyoungtobecountedaschildren
B.thehomelesspopulationisgrowingrapidly
C.thehomelesschildrenusuallystayoutsideschool
D.somehomelesschildrenaredesertedbytheirfamilies
4.TheMcKinneyActismentionedinthispassageinordertoshowthat.()
A.theeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildrenarebeingrecognized
B.theestimatesonhomelesschildrenarehardtodetermine
C.theaddressofgrade-schoolchildrenshouldbelocated
D.allhomelesspeopleareentitledtofreeeducation
5.Thepassagemainlydealswith.()
A.thelegalproblemsofthehomelesschildren
B.theeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildren
C.thesocialstatusofoldermales
D.estimatesonthehomelesspopulation
Passagetwo
ProfessorSmithrecentlypersuaded35people,23ofthemwomen,tokeepupadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactionsforafortnight.Whenhecametoanalyzetheirembarrassinglapses(差错)inascientificreport,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroupings.Nordidthelapsesappeartobeentirelyrandom(随机的).
Oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherdogherearringsandtriedtofixadogbiscuitonherear.“Theexplanationforthisisthatthebrainislikeacomputer,”explainstheprofessor.“Peopleprogrammethemselvestodocertainactivitiesregularly.Itwasthewoman’scustomeverymorningtothrowherdogtwobiscuitsandthenputonherearring.Butsomehowtheactiongotreversedintheprogramme.”Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese“programmeassemblyfailures”.
Altogetherthevolunteerlogged433unintentionalactionsthattheyfoundthemselvesdoing—anaverageoftwelveeach.Thereappeartobepeakperiodsinthedaywhenweareatourzaniest(荒谬可笑的).Therearetwohourssometimbetweeneighta.m.andnoon,betweenfourandsixp.n.withasmallerpeakbetweeneightandtenp.m.“Amongmenthepeakseemstobewhenachangeoverinbrain‘programmes’occurs,asforinstancebetweengoingtoandfromwork.”Womenonaveragereportedslightlymorelapses—12.5comparedwith10.9formen—probablybecausetheyweremorereliablereporters.
Astartlingfindingoftheresearchisthattheabsent-mindedactivityisahazardofdoingthingsinwhichweareskilled.Normally,youwouldexpectthatskillreducesthenumberoferrorswemake.Buttryingtoavoidsillyslipsbyconcentratingmorecouldmakethingsalotworse—evendangerous.
6.InhisstudyProfessorSmithaskedthesubjects.()
A.tokeeptrackofpeoplewhotendtoforgetthings
B.toreporttheirembarrassinglapsesatrandom
C.toanalyzetheirawkwardexperiencesscientifically
D.tokeeparecordofwhattheydidunintentionally
7.ProfessorSmithdiscoveredthat.()
A.certainpatternscanbeidentifiedintherecordedincidents
B.manypeopleweretooembarrassedtoadmittheirabsent-mindedness
C.mentendtobemoreabsent-mindedthanwomen
D.absent-mindednessisanexcusablehumanweakness
8.“Programmeassemblyfailures”(Line6,Para.2)referstothephenomenonthatpeople.()
A.oftenfailtoprogrammetheirroutinesbeforehand
B.tendtomakemistakeswhentheyareinahurry
C.unconsciouslychangethesequenceofdoingthings
D.arelikelytomessthingsupiftheyaretootired
9.Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat.()
A.absent-mindednesstendstooccurduringcertainhoursoftheday
B.womenareverycarefultoperformactionsduringpeakperiods
C.womenexperiencemorepeakperiodsofabsent-mindedness
D.men’sabsent-mindednessoftenresultsinfunnysituations
10.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.()
A.peopleshouldavoideddoingimportantthingsduringpeakperiodsoflapses
B.hazardscanbeavoidedwhenpeopledothingstheyaregoodat
C.peopleshouldbecarefulwhenprogrammingtheiractions
D.lapsescannotalwaysbeattributedtolackofconcentration
Passagethree
Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Now,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivitywhichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.
Iwouldconsiderbungeejumping(蹦极)tobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace200metersabovethegroundwithanelastic(弹性的)ropetiedtoyourfeet.Youfallatupto150kilometersanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheravtivitieswhichmostpeop
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