英语高考不规则动词过去式和过去分词.docx
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英语高考不规则动词过去式和过去分词.docx
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英语高考不规则动词过去式和过去分词
英语高考不规则动词变化集中识记2017/1/20
一、A—A—A型.即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。
(共9个)
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit
hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let—let
put—put—put
read—read—read
set—set—set
shut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型.即过去式、过去分词相同。
(共41个)
1过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。
(3个)
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
2词尾有-ild.-end时.只需把d变为t。
(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent—lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent—spent
3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。
(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4.把-eep变为-ept。
(3个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep—swept—swept
5把-ell变为-old。
(2个)
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。
(4个)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt—felt
spill—spilt—spilt
7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。
(3个)
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8.过去式、过去分词词尾是d。
(4个)
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
9.改变元音字母。
(11个)
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig—dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
10.改变辅音字母。
(1个)
make—made—made
11改变元、辅音字母。
(4个)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have(has)—had—had
understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型.即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。
(共35个)
1i—a—u变化。
(6个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink—sank—sunk
2词尾为-ow.-aw时.过去式将其变为-ew.过去分词在其原形后加n。
(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow—grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”.过去式将i变为o.过去分词多在原形后加n.若那个辅音字母为d或t.须双写d或t后加n。
(4个)(give.hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。
(5个)
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke—woken
5过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。
(1个)
forget—forgot—forgotten
6过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。
(6个)
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7词尾为-ake时.过去式将其变为-ook.过去分词在原形词后加-n。
(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。
(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型.即过去式和原形相同。
(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型.即过去分词和原形相同。
(3个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
run—ran—run
六、情态动词型.只有原形和过去式.没有过去分词。
(4个)
can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词.还有一种规则变化形式。
——————————————————————————————————
不规则动词相对于规则动词来说.难记得多.是最难对付的一
类词。
学生难学.老师难教。
幸好它们不是杂乱无章的.可根据其中
的一些内部规律来记忆。
下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法.以期大家
在攻克这一难关时.能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut(细心的你一定会发现.这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。
)
二、原形、过去式相同.过去分词不同:
beat/beat/beaten
三、原形、过去分词相同.过去式不同:
come/came/come become/became/become
run/ran/run
come.become.属不规则变化.但welcome属规则动词.其过去式、过去分词为:
welcomed.welcomed
四、过去式.过去分词相同:
(1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/met feed/fed/fed
(2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/kept sweep/swept/swept
(3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t
spell/spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smelt
spill/spilt/spilt
(4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
catch/caught/caught teach/taught/taught
bring/brought/brought buy/bought/bought
think/thought/thought
(5)将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood
(6)将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid pay/paid/paid
say/said/said
(7)将d改为t
lend/lent/lent send/sent/sent
spend/spent/spent
build/built/built
(8)将i改为a,o,u等
sit/sat/sat spit/spat/spat
win/won/won
dig/dug/dug
(9)将ell改为old
tell/told/told sell/sold/sold
(10)词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt mean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamt spoil/spoilt/spoilt
(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的
learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shone shine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hung hang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smelt smell/smelled/smelled
(12)其它
have(has)/had/had hear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shot lose/lost/lost
hold/held/held get/got/got(AmEgotten)
find/found/found make/made/made
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同:
(1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed draw/drew/drawn
(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rung sing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swum sink/sank/sunk
(3)改i为o变成过去式.过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven write/wrote/written
rise/rose/risen ride/rode/ridden
(4)原形后加n变成过去分词
drive/drove/driven rise/rose/risen
eat/ate/eaten fall/fell/fallen
give/gave/given
(5)过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken choose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozen mistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolen speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken wake/woke/woken(或woke)
(6)其它
be/was或were/been do/did/done
forget/forgot/forgotten go/went/gone
hide/hid/hidden see/saw/seen
wear/wore/worn
六、有两种过去式和过去分词.但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shone/shone照耀 shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂 hanged/hanged绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式.又可以做动词原形的词
lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay放.下蛋laid/laid/laying
find找到、发现find/found/found
found创建.成立found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
(一)词义相对:
(1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去
(2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得
(3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉——
wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked醒来
(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——
fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉
(5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖
(6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来
(7)teach/taught/taught教——
learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned学习、学会
(8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——
find/found/found找到
win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
(9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——
get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得、收到
(二)、词义相近:
(1)beat/beat/beaten.打,打败
win/won/won赢得、获胜
(2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解
know/knew/known知道,了解,认识
(3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得
become/became/become变成,成为,变得
go/went/gone变成
turn/turned/turned变成
(4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过
pay/paid/paid支付、交纳
cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
take/took/taken花费
(5)say/said/said说、讲
speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论
①A-B-B型变化
不定式过去式过去分词基本意义
bendbentbent使变曲
bringbroughtbrought带来;引起;产生
buyboughtbought购买;采购
catchcaughtcaught接住;抓住;赶上;染上
dealdealtdealt分配;分给
digdugdug挖(土);掘地
feelfeltfelt触摸(某物);感觉到
fightfoughtfought搏斗;奋斗;斗争;
findfoundfound发现;找到;
getgotgot/gotten收到;接到;得到;成为
havehadhad有;吃;喝;进行;经受
hearheardheard听见;听说;得知
holdheldheld拿住;抓住;抱;举行
keepkeptkept留下;保留;继续
laylaidlaid放置;产(卵)
leaveleftleft离开;把……留下;剩下
learnlearnt
learnedlearnt
learned学;学习;获悉;得知
lendlentlent借出;借给
loselostlost失去;丧失;损失
makemademade做;制作;制造;使得
meetmetmet遇见;碰见;相遇
babysitbabysatbabysat照顾婴儿
paypaidpaid付钱;给……报酬
不定式过去式过去分词基本意义
saysaidsaid说.讲
sellsoldsold卖;销售
shineshoneshone发光;照耀;照射
sitsatsat坐;就座
sleepsleptslept睡.睡觉;睡着
smellsmeltsmelt闻出;嗅;发出气味
spendspentspent用(钱);花(时间);度过
standstoodstood站立;直立;位于;经受
teachtaughttaught教.教授;传授
telltoldtold告诉;讲述;吩咐
thinkthoughtthought想.思考.认为
understandunderstoodunderstood懂;理解;领会
winwonwon赢;获胜;赢得.获得
buildbuiltbuilt建筑.建造
feedfedfed喂养
hanghunghung悬挂.吊
sweepsweptswept打扫
sendsentsent送.派
shootshotshot射击
spitspatspat吐(痰)
spoilspoiltspoilt溺爱.损坏.破坏
fleefledfled逃离
leadledled引导;致便;领导
misleadmisledmisled把…引错方向;给…带错路
meanmeantmeant意思是…
②A-B-A型变化
不定式过去式过去分词基本含义
overcomeovercameovercome克服.战胜
becomebecamebecome变为.成为
comecamecome到来;出现
runranrun跑.奔跑;
③A-B-C型变化
不定式过去式过去分词基本含义
Bewas/werebeen有;存在;是;成为
beginbeganbegun开始
blowblewblown吹.刮;吹响
breakbrokebroken打破(断.碎);损坏.撕开
choosechosechosen选择.挑选.选取
dodiddone做.干
drinkdrankdrunk喝;饮
drivedrovedriven驾驶(车):
驱赶
eatateeaten吃
fallfellfallen落下;跌落;变为
flyflewflew飞;飞行;
forgetforgotforgotten忘记;遗忘;忽视
freezefrozefrozen(使)结冰;冷冻
givegavegiven送给;授予;供给;
gowentgone去;离去;行驶;通到;到达
growgrewgrown变成;生长;发育;种植
knowknewknown知道.懂得;了解;认识
lielaylain躺;平卧;(指物)平放
rideroderidden骑马、自行车等;搭乘
ringrangrung(铃等)鸣响;打电话
riseroserisen上升;上涨;起立
seesawseen看见;察觉;领会
showshowedshown/showed给……看;展出;表明
shakeshookshaken颤抖
singsangsung唱.唱歌
speakspokespoken说话;会说(某语言);发言
stealstolestolen偷;窃取
swimswamswum游水;游泳
taketooktaken拿;服用;乘坐;花费
throwthrewthrown投.抛.扔.掷
wakewokewoken醒.醒来.叫醒
wearworeworn穿.戴
writewrotewritten写.书写;写作.著述
forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅
hidehidhidden/hid躲.藏
divedovedived跳水
sinksanksunk/sunken下沉
④A-A-A型变化
不定式过去式过去分词基本含义
costcostcost价值为.花费;使付出
cutcutcut切;割;剪;砍;削
hurthurthurt使受伤痛;刺痛;伤害
letletlet允许.让
putputput放.摆;装入
readreadread阅读.朗诵
shutshutshut关上.封闭;紧闭;合拢
upsetupsetupset使人不舒服
betbetbet确信.打赌
hithithit击中
setsetset放置
1、A—A—A型.即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。
(共9个)
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit
hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let—let
put—put—put
read—read—read
set—set—set
shut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型.即过去式、过去分词相同。
(共41个)
1过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。
(3个)
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
2词尾有-ild.-end时.只需把d变为t。
(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent—lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent—spent
3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。
(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4.把-eep变为-ept。
(3个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep—swept—swept
5把-ell变为-old。
(2个)
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。
(4个)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt—felt
spill—spilt—
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