精选考研英语强化班新题型讲义资料.docx
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精选考研英语强化班新题型讲义资料.docx
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精选考研英语强化班新题型讲义资料
主讲:
张销民
欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材
填空式阅读(新题型)部分
三种备选题型
从命题形式看命题原理-一篇填空式阅读的文章也是由两大信息板块组成的:
已知信息-(原文在空缺之外的没有被挖掉的信息)
未知(待选信息)-(就是后面的待选选项中的信息,而这些信息实际上也不是未知的,也是考生通过阅读可以把握的信息,所以称为待选信息更合适)
这个题型也是在考生对这两个信息板块之间互动关系的把握
测试点分析
判断和把握两个信息板块之间“相近性”的能力
判断和把握两个信息板块之间“衔接性”的能力
做题大原则–就近原则、衔接原则
最终的评判原则:
连贯性–把握了衔接原则
一致性–把握了就近原则
推荐的解题步骤
根据填空式阅读的命题形式,建议考生按照以下步骤来解题:
①先阅读原文文章的首段;
②阅读后面的备选选项;
③再阅读原文的信息,进行解题;
④最后,通读全文;
解题方法的基本设计思路-“由点入面、以点串面“
破解新题型的八大解题方法体系:
方法1:
复现结构定位法
方法2:
上下文逻辑关系定位法
方法3:
总分/分总结构法
方法4:
举例定位法
方法5:
时间、地点、数字、人名等客观线索衔接关系定位法
方法6:
排比结构衔接法
方法7:
无关词排除法
方法8:
代词指代关系定位法
大纲样题解析
Directions:
Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.41
Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thatkindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.
42___Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownoting.
43Therewerealsocrablikecreatures,whosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.
44___Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.
45___About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammalsthoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.
[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.
[B]Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.
[C]Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,orformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.
[D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreature.Thereanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasoftheworld.
[E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformaaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesea-lilies,relationsofthestar-fishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.
[F]Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.
[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.
41题分析–逻辑关系定位法/复现结构定位法
42题分析–复现结构定位法
43题分析–复现结构定位法
44题分析–举例定位法
出题方式一:
被例子所指的信息例子信息
设定在原文信息中设定在待选信息中
出题方式二:
被例子所指的信息例子信息
设定在待选信息中设定在原文信息中
例题:
ThemainproblemindiscussingAmericanpopularcultureisalsooneofitsmaincharacteristics:
itwon’tstayAmerican.nomatterwhatitis,whetheritisfilms,foodandfashion,music,casualsportsorslang,it’ssoonathomeelsewhereintheworld.ThereareseveraltheorieswhyAmericanpopularculturehashadthisappeal.
Onetheoryisthatishasbeen“advertised”andmarketedthroughAmericanfilms,popularmusic,andmorerecently,television.41Theyare,afterall,incompetitionwiththoseproducedbyothercountries.
Anothertheory,probablyamorecommonone,isthatAmericanpopularcultureisinternationallyassociatedwithsomethingcalled“thespiritofAmerica.”42___
Thefinaltheoryislesscomplex:
Americanpopularcultureispopularbecausealotofpeopleintheworldlikeit.
Regardlessofwhyitsspreads,Americanpopularcultureisusuallyquiterapidlyadoptedandthenadaptedinmanyothercountries.43____BlackleatherjacketswornbymanyheroesinAmericanmoviescouldbefound,agenerationlater,onallthoseyoungmenwhowantedtomakethismanly-looktheirown.
Twoareaswherethiscontinuingprocessismostclearlyseenareclothingandmusic.Somepeoplecanstillrememberatime.WhenT-shirts,joggingclothes,tennisshoes,denimjackets,andbluejeanswerenotcommondailyweareverywhere.Onlytwentyyearsago,itwaspossibletospotanAmericaninParisbyhisorherclothes.Nolongerso:
thosebrightcolors,checkeredjacketsandtrousers,hatsandsockswhichwereoncemadefunincartoonsarebackagaininParisasthelatestfashion.44____.
ThesituationwithAmericanpopularmusicismorecomplexbecauseinthebeginning,whenitwasstillclearlyAmerican,itwasoftenstronglyresisted.Jazzwasoncethoughttobeagreatdangertoyouthandtheirmorals,andwasactuallyoutlawedinseveralcountries.Today,whilestillshowingitsratherAmericanroots,ithasbecomesowellestablished.Rock“n”rollandallitsvariations,country&westernmusic,allhavemoreorlesssimilarhistories.Theywerefirstresisted,ofteninAmericaaswell,asbeing“low-class,”andthenas“adangertoournation’syouth.”45____Andthenthemusicbecameacceptedandwasextendedandwasextendedanddeveloped,andexportedbacktotheU.S.
[A]Asaresult,itsAmericanoriginsandrootsareoftenquicklyforgotten.“happybirthdaytoyou,”forinstance,issuchaneverydaysongthatitssource,itsAmericancopyright,sotospeak,isnotremembered.
[B]ButthistheoryfailstoexplainwhyAmericanfilms,music,andtelevision,programsaresopopularinthemselves.
[C]Americaninorigin,informalclothinghasbecometheworld’sfirsttrulyuniversalstyle.
[D]TheBBC,forexample,bannedrockandrolluntil1962.
[E]Americanfoodhasbecomepopulararoundtheworldtoo.
[F]Thisspiritisvariouslydescribedasbeingyoungandfree,optimisticandconfident,informalanddisrespectful.
[G]Itishardlysurprisingthatthepublicconcerncontributesalottothespreadoftheculture.
45题分析-时间、地点、数字、人名等客观线索衔接关系定位法
例题:
2006年考研英语PARTB部分41题
OnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasino(aplacewheregamblinggamesareplayed).Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.
Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a"FunCard",whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,thoseactivitiesbecomewhathecalls"electronicheroin".
(41)________.In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.
InMarch1998afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams’sgamblingproblem.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima“ceaseadmissions”letter.Notingthemedical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.
(42)________.
TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas24signswarning:
“Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.Nevertheless,Williams’ssuitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling,”intentionallyworkedto“lure”himto“engageinconductag
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