浙江省选考高考英语 专题一 高频词汇分类集训与语篇训练 话题十四 热点话题.docx

浙江省选考高考英语 专题一 高频词汇分类集训与语篇训练 话题十四 热点话题.docx

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浙江省选考高考英语专题一高频词汇分类集训与语篇训练话题十四热点话题

话题十四　热点话题

1．accidentn．事故；偶然的事件，意外

byaccident偶然地

2．benefitv．有益于；有助于；受益

n．优势；益处

benefitfrom/by从……中受益

beofbenefitto＝bebeneficialto对……有益

forone’sbenefit＝forthebenefitofsb.为某人的利益

3．challengevt.怀疑；挑战

n．挑战；难题；质疑

achallengeto对……的挑战

challengesb.to（do）sth.向某人挑战（做）……

4．competev．竞争；比赛

competein...参加……的比赛

competewith/against与……竞争

competefor...为……角逐

5．contributev．捐献；是……的原因之一；贡献；投稿

contributeto有助于；导致；捐献

makeacontribution/contributionsto对……做出贡献；捐款

6．fortunen．财富；运气

makeafortune发财；致富

befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.在……方面运气好

7．generaladj.普通的；大众的；总的；大体的

ingeneral＝generallyspeaking总的来说；一般说来

8．mercyn．仁慈；怜悯；宽恕

showmercytosb./havemercyonsb.怜悯某人

atthemercyof...任由……摆布；受……控制

It’samercythat...……真是万幸。

9．possibleadj.可能的；可接受的；合理的

Itispossibleforsb.todosth.某人做某事是可能的

Itispossiblethat...可能……

Thereisnopossibilitythat...不可能……

10．praisev．赞扬；表扬

n．赞美；赞扬

inpraiseof赞扬

11．pretendv．假装

pretendtodo/tobedoing/tohavedone假装要/正在/已经做某事

12．retirev．退休；离开；撤退

retirefrom从……退休

13．riskv．冒……的危险

n．危险；风险

risksth./doingsth.冒着……的危险

atrisk处于危险之中

attheriskofsth./doingsth.冒着……的风险

take/runtheriskofdoingsth.冒险做某事

14．sacrificevt.牺牲，献出；献祭

n．牺牲；供奉；祭品

sacrificesth.todosth.牺牲……去做……

sacrificefor为……作出牺牲

15．servev．提供（食物），端上（饭菜）；服役；供职于；服务；用作

servesth.tosb.＝servesb.sth.给某人端上某物

serveas当作；作为

16．sheltern．住所；藏身之处；庇护；避难所；遮盖物

v．庇护；躲避

shelter...from...保护……免于……

undertheshelterof在……的庇护下

17．survivevi.幸存；活下来

surviveon靠……存活下来

18．trickn．诡计；骗局；恶作剧；戏弄

v．欺骗

playatrick/trickson/uponsb.欺骗某人；捉弄某人

tricksb.intosth./into（doing）sth.诱使某人做某事

19．volunteern．志愿者

v．自愿做，义务做

volunteertodo...自愿做……

20．trouble短语

getintotrouble陷入麻烦；陷入困境

beintrouble有麻烦；碰到困难

withouttrouble毫不费力的，没有麻烦的

havetroublewithsth./（in）doing...（做）……有困难

takethetroubletodo...不辞劳苦地做……

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Shehasafewthousanddollarsputawayforher（retire）．

2．Tomrisked（lose）hisjobtohelpyououtofthetrouble.

3．Theyoungmanvolunteered（stop）thedrunkenmenfromfighting.

4．general，about10%ofthecandidatesareeventuallyofferedpositions.

5．Hedreamedofmakingfortune.

6．Wehopeyoursuggestionwillcontributeto（solve）theproblem.

7．There’sbeensomefierce（compete）forthetitle.

8．Mikefounda（challenge）jobasacomputerprogrammer.

9．Astayinthecountrywillbe（benefit）tohishealth.

10．Theycameacrossitaccident.

11．wasamercythatshewasn’tseriouslyhurtandwaswaitinguntiltherescuearrived.

12．It’sjustpossibleIgavethemthewrongdirections.

13．Hepretended（know）theanswertotheproblemalready.

14．Treesshelterthehousethewind.

15．Itwillgreatlyincreaseyourchancesof（survive）．

Ⅱ.根据要求完成句子

1．他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。

（一句多译）

①

②

2．在失去引擎动力之后，船员们发现自己只能任凭风力摆布了。

（mercy）

Havinglostenginepower，theboat’screw.

3．ThesestudentsarefortunatetohavesuchagoodEnglishteacher.（用it作形式主语改写）

4．Thenewregulationwillbeofbenefittoeveryoneconcerned.

①

（用beneficial改写）

②

（用benefitfrom改写）

③

（用benefit改写）

5．我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的办公室。

（一句多译）

①

②

（一）阅读理解

Howoftendoyoucheckyourphone?

AccordingtoastudyledbyNottinghamTrentUniversityinBritain，theaveragepersonlooksattheirphones86timesaday.Updatingtheirstatusonsocialmediaplatformsalsomadepeoplereachfortheirelectroniccompanionfrequently.

Eventheparticipantsthoughtthatwasalot:

thisfigureistwiceasoftenastheythoughttheydid.Ourphonesmightbeshapingourbehaviormorethanwerealize.Doyouactuallylookatyoursurroundingsmorethanatyourphone?

Isitrudetocheckyourphonewhensomeoneistalkingtoyou?

SherryTurkleinterviewedhundredsofcollegestudentsaboutthis.She’saprofessorofsocialstudiesattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Theytalkedaboutsomethingtheycalled“theruleofthree”．

Therulehastodowithbeingconsideratetoothersdespitetheallure（诱惑力）ofthelittleflatbox.Turkleexplains,“Ifyougotodinnerwithfriends，youdon’twanttolookdownatyourphoneuntilyouseethatthreepeoplearelookingupintheconversation.Sothere’sanewrulewhereyoudon’tlookdownunlessthreepeoplearelookingupinordertokeepalittleconversationalive.”

Actually，ifyouarecleverenoughyoumightuseyourphoneasatooltoconnectwithpeoplenexttoyou.Sharingabitofyourlifewiththemcanbringyouclosertogether.Andyoucanalsoinviteeveryonetotakeaselfie（自拍照）withyou.

Butthebestthingtodealwithmobilephoneaddictionistogocoldturkeyandleavethemachinebehindoccasionallyorjustswitchitoffandkeepitfirmlyinyourpocketforawhile.

1．Whydoestheauthormention“Howoftendoyoucheckyourphone？

”inthefirstparagraph?

A．Tostresstheimportanceofmobilephones.

B．Toencouragereaderstousemobilephonesmore.

C．Tointroduceatopictobediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs.

D．Toknowhowreadersupdatetheirstatusonsocialmediaplatforms.

2．IfJohnwasaparticipantusingthemobilephoneasoftenastheaverageinthestudy，howmanytimesdidhethinkhelookedathisphoneaweek?

A．172.B．301.

C．602.D．1204.

3．What’sthepurposeof“theruleofthree”？

A．Tokeepaconversationgoing.

B．Tolookdownatyourphoneregularly.

C．Totellreadershowtobeconsideratetoothers.

D．Toremindreadersoftheimportanceofmobilephones.

4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtherightwaytoavoidbeingaddictedtothemobilephone?

A．Leavingithomesometimeswhenyougoout.

B．GoingtoTurkeyforaholidayonceinawhile.

C．Turnitoffonpurposenowandthen.

D．Hideitsomewhereforthemoment.

（二）七选五

Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.5Ingeneral，theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological.

Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.6Betweentheagesofabout12and50，womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility（生育能力）．Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.Infact，womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.

7Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygetsicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:

women，onaverage，getfewercoldsthanmen.

8Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging，buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.9

A．However，women，onaverage，livelonger.

B．Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.

C．Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.

D．Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.

E．Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.

F．Therefore，womenarehealthierthanmenandcanliveabetterlife.

G．Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolvariousbodyfunctions.

（三）完形填空

AsIwastakingawalkwithmymom，Iaskedher，“Haveyoutakentheseniorbusyet？

”IheldmybreathasIwaitedforher10.“Oh，yes.Ihave，”shesaid.“Howwasit？

”Isaidthewordsas11asIcouldtoshowmyexcitement，eventhoughIsensedtheanswerwasnotgoingtobe12.Shesighedheavily，“Nooneever13onthatbus.Theyallsittherequietlyandlooksad.Ionlyseeaboutthirteen14oldladiesandmen.”My15forhersituationgraspedmystomach.

Mydadhadrecentlypassedaway，andhissuddenleavemademymother16andfrightened.Forfiftysevenyears，mydadhadwalkedbyherside.Momneverlearnedto17，soDaddrovehereverywhere.Now，herwheelsweregone，asonegrandchildsoproperly18hersituation.Iknewsheneededgreat19tomakethedecisiontotaketheseniorbus.However，Ifirmlybelievedthe20wouldn’tlasttoolong，forMomwassooutgoingandactivethatshecouldchatwithalmosteverybodywhomshemetinthestreet.

Severaldayslater，whenIcametovisither，Iasked，“Dotheytalktoyounow？

”She21andtherewasasparkle（火花）inhereyes.Itdidn’ttakeageniustofigureoutthatthe22hadchanged.“Itwassillythatallofusjustsatthere23sayingaword.SoonemorningwhenI24，Igreetedthemandthenremarkedthatwhatanicedayitwas.Soon，theybeganto25andwechattedhappily.Nowwearefriendsandalwayshavesomegood26onthebus，”shereplied.

Mymotherheldthekeytothe27oftheotherlonelypeopleonthatbus.Asmileandsome28wordswereallittook.Shesowedtinyseedsof29forherselfandherfriendsonthebus.

10．A.orderB．instruction

C．answerD．request

11．A.fluentlyB．cheerfully

C．patientlyD．quietly

12．A.typicalB．reasonable

C．similarD．positive

13．A.talksB．eats

C．drinksD．sleeps

14．A.conservativeB．depressed

C．surprisedD．cautious

15．A.angerB．excitement

C．sympathyD．forgiveness

16．A.stubbornB．selfish

C．acuteD．lonely

17．A.driveB．cook

C．danceD．paint

18．A.plannedB．described

C．copiedD．handled

19．A.supportB．expectation

C．patienceD．courage

20．A.silenceB．friendship

C．argumentD．impression

21．A.complainedB．smiled

C．sobbedD．appeared

22．A.situationB．hardship

C．decisionD．topic

23．A.forB．by

C．withoutD．after

24．A.passedbyB．goton

C．stoodupD．setout

25．A.apologizeB．escape

C．botherD．respond

26．A.conversationsB．suggestions

C．examplesD．analysis

27．A.fortuneB．hearts

C．remarksD．relationship

28．A.sensitiveB．responsible

C．friendlyD．official

29．A.honestyB．happiness

C．imaginationD．freedom

完形填空题所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。

因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短语、句子或段落，还要善于从上