高考英语全国通用版精准提分二轮试题第三部分 话题拓展阅读与写作 第31节.docx
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高考英语全国通用版精准提分二轮试题第三部分 话题拓展阅读与写作 第31节.docx
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高考英语全国通用版精准提分二轮试题第三部分话题拓展阅读与写作第31节
第31节 文学与艺术
(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Doyoulistentothesongsthatyourparentslike?
Chancesarethatyoudon’t.Youprobablythinkthemusicthattheylikeisoldanddullandthatthesongsonyourplaylistaremuchcooler.
Buthereiswhatscientistsfoundrecently:
people’smusictasteschangeastheyage,accordingtoastudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Soit’slikelythatyourownmusicalpreferencewillfollowasimilarpathtoyourparents’,whetheryoulikeitornot.
Weusedtothinkthatcultureandpersonalityaretheonlyfactorsthataffectone’smusicchoice.ButresearchersattheUniversityofCambridge,UK,gathereddatafrommorethan250,000peopleoverthepast10years.Theynoticedthataspeopleage,theirsocialcircumstanceschange,andsodoestheirmusictastes.
Therearethreemusicalperiodsthatpeoplepassthroughastheymature—“intense”,“contemporary”and“sophisticated”.
Thefirstperiodcomesintheteenageyears,duringwhichtimepeoplelikeintensemusicsuchaspunkandrockbecauseteenagerstendtobeaggressiveandwanttoestablishtheiridentityasindependentindividuals.
Butaspeoplemoveintoearlyadulthood,theirlifestylechanges—theysocializemoreandwanttobuildcloserelationshipswithothers.Asaresult,theybecomemorefondofcontemporarymusic,suchaspopandR&B,whichisusuallyupliftinganddanceableandplayedatpartieswherepeoplehangouttogetherandchat.
Whenmiddleagecomes,thingshavesettleddownformostpeople.Thisperiodwillbedominated(支配)bymore“sophisticated”music,suchasjazzandclassical,aswellasmorecatchymusiclikecountry,folk,andblues.
“Formany,thislifestageisfrequentlyexhaustedbyworkandfamily,andthereisarequirementforrelaxing,emotive(有感染力的)music,”JasonRentfrow,aresearchermember,toldThetelegraph.
Butyoumustbethinking:
“Aren’tthereoldpeoplewhoarestillintorockmusic?
”Ofcoursethereare.ButRentfrowexplainedthattheirreasonsforlisteningtorockmusicmayhavechanged.“Weusemusicfordifferentreasons,”hesaid,andthusatthatagepeoplemaylistentoremindthemselvesoftheiryouths.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了“是什么影响了人们的音乐品味?
”研究发现音乐品味随着年龄的增长而变化。
1.Whydochildrenusuallylikedifferentsongsfromtheirparentsaccordingtothepassage?
A.Childrenprefercoolmusic.
B.Musictastechangeswithage.
C.Parents’songsarealwaysdull.
D.Parentshavebettersocialcircumstances.
答案 B
解+析 细节理解题。
根据第二段第一句可知,音乐的品味随着年龄的增长而变化,所以孩子与父母喜欢的音乐不同。
可知答案为B。
2.Theunderlinedword“catchy”inParagraph7probablymeans“”.
A.touchingandeasilyremembered
B.awkwardandeasilycaptured
C.elegantbutdifficulttounderstand
D.flexibleanddifficulttocatch
答案 A
解+析 词义猜测题。
由该画线词后列举的例子,如乡村音乐、民谣音乐和蓝调音乐,以及倒数第二段中的“Formany,thislifestageisfrequentlyexhaustedbyworkandfamily,andthereisarequirementforrelaxing,emotive(动情的)music”可知,画线词的意思是“吸引人的,容易记住的”,故答案为A。
3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.Oldpeopledon’tlikerockmusic.
B.Musiccanserveasareminder.
C.Rockmusicmakesoldpeopleyounger.
D.Listeningtorockmusicneedsreasons.
答案 B
解+析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“‘Weusemusicfordifferentreasons,’hesaid,andthusatthatagepeoplemaylistentoremindthemselvesoftheiryouths.”可知,音乐可以作为一个引起人回忆的事物。
故答案为B。
4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Whydopeoplelikemusic?
B.Howcanyouimproveyourmusictalent?
C.Whatinfluencespeople’smusictaste?
D.Whydodifferentpeoplelikedifferentmusic?
答案 C
解+析 主旨大意题。
根据文章第一段及第二段首句可知,音乐的品味随着年龄的增长而变化。
所以本文讲述的是“是什么影响了人们的音乐品味?
”故选C。
B
(2018·北京朝阳区一模)
ComedyandPsychology
EarlierthisyearIdidaparttimecomedycourse.TheclasswastaughtbyRyan,aprofessionalcomedian.Ihadperformedashow,whichwasn’toriginallymeanttobeacomedy.However,theaudiencelaughedatmyfirstjoke,thencontinuedtolaughthroughouttheroutinesthatweremeanttobeserious.SoitwastheaudiencewhotoldmeIwasfunny,butIdidn’tunderstandwhyorhowtocontrolthecomic(滑稽的)moments.So,Ijoinedthecoursetolearn.
“Turnoffyoureditorthatmakesyousaytherightthingandrememberhowtobeachild,”explainedRyan.“Don’ttrytobeclever.Don’ttrytoohardtobefunny...andknowingallaboutthetheoryofhumorisunlikelytohelpyoumuch.Justbehaveinasillyway.That’swhatpeoplewanttoseeonstage.”Ryanwouldhelpusloosenupbysayingthingslike,“Wanderaroundtalkingtoothers,butmakesurethatyou’retheloweststatuspersonhere.”
I’dsaythatunderstandingthepsychologyofhumorhasactuallyhelped.RecentlyIcameacrossthebookInsideJokes:
UsingHumortoReverseEngineertheMind.Itsmainideaisthatanyselfdirectedintelligentsystemwillneedtocorrectitsownfault.There’sariskthattheoccasionalerrorwillbemade.Ifthiswasboringorburdensome,we’dbelesswillingtodoit.However,evolutionhasmadetheprocessfun.
Here’sajokeinthebook:
Twofishareinatank.Onesaystotheother,“Doyouknowhowtodrivethisthing?
”Itworksontheprinciplethatwehavestartedtoimagineonething—thatthetankisthetypicalcontainerpeoplekeepfishin—and,justintime,thefollowingwordstellusthatourfirstassumptionwaswrong—it’saheavyvehicle.Forcorrectlyfiguringouttheerror,wearerewardedwithapleasurablefeeling.Thejokeisanefficientwayofencouragingthisnaturalreaction,andcomedianshavebecomeexpertsinslightlytouchingthismentalfunnyboneinordertomakeuslaugh.
Ryanwasrightwhenhesaidthatknowingthetheoryofhumorwouldn’thelpusthatmuchasacomedy.Duringoneexerciseinthecourse,fourofusweretoldtoperformanopera.SusanandCarolinesangearnestlyoneithersideofthestage,andIbroughtHenrytothefloor,wherewewrestled(摔跤)eachotherlikeoutofcontrolteenagers.Therestofthegroupwasinuncontrollablefitsoflaughter.Asaperformer,I’llneverappreciatejustwhyitseemedsofunny.ButthepointisthatIwouldneverhavewrittenthisonthepaper.Itwasajoyous,foundmoment.
5.Whydidtheauthorattendthecomedycourse?
A.Hewantedtoseehowthetheoriesworkedinpractice.
B.Hediscoveredhehadsomenaturalabilityincomedy.
C.Heworriedabouthowotherperformerswouldfindhim.
D.Hegotunpleasantexperienceswhenperformingacomedy.
答案 B
解+析 推理判断题。
根据第一段中“SoitwastheaudiencewhotoldmeIwasfunny,butIdidn’tunderstandwhyorhowtocontrolthecomic(滑稽的)moments.So,Ijoinedthecoursetolearn.”可知,作者参加了喜剧课程是因为他发现自己在喜剧方面有一定的天赋。
故选B。
6.Ryanrequiredthepeopleonthecomedycourseto.
A.copytheirfavoriteperformances
B.imagineotherpeople’sreactions
C.helpthemselvesfeelcomfortable
D.behaveinamoreplayfulmanner
答案 D
解+析 推理判断题。
根据第二段中“...andknowingallaboutthetheoryofhumorisunlikelytohelpyoumuch.Justbehaveinasillyway.That’swhatpeoplewanttoseeonstage.”可知,赖安要求喜剧课上的人们以一种更有趣的方式表现。
由此可知答案为D。
7.WhatisthepurposeofthejokementionedinParagraph4?
A.Todiscusswhathumorbringsaboutexactly.
B.Togiveanexampleofanotherkindofhumor.
C.Toprovethepointaboutthepsychologyofhumor.
D.Toshowwhysomepeoplearefunnierthanothers.
答案 C
解+析 目的意图题。
根据第三段内容和第四段最后一句可知,第四段提到笑话的目的是为了证明幽默心理学的观点。
可知答案为C。
8.Whatviewdoestheauthorputforwardintheend?
A.Visualhumoriswhatappealstopeoplemost.
B.Whatpeoplefindfunnyisoftenunpredictable.
C.Theoriesexplaininghumortendtobemistaken.
D.Learningcomicskillsprovestobeadifficulttask.
答案 B
解+析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段最后两句可知,作者认为人们觉得有趣的东西往往是不可预测的。
故答案为B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2018·安徽六校教育研究会第二次联考)
Ayoungpainterlivedinasmallhouse,livingonpaintingportraits(画像).Oneday,arichmancameforaportrait.Theyagreedonthe9of10,000.Thedaythemancametotakethepainting,an10ideaoccurredtohim:
“It’smeinthepainting.IfIdon’tbuy,noonewill11...”Sohesaid,“I’llonlypay3,000!
”Theyoungartisthadnever12suchthings.Hestronglyargued,expectingtherichmanto13theagreement.“Iaskyouatlast,willyousellit3,000ornot?
”
Realizingthemandidit14,theartistsaidina15voice,“No!
I’dprefernottosellitratherthanbehumiliated(羞辱).Todayyou16yourwordandsomedayyoumustpay17times.”
“Whatajoke!
AmIstupid?
”
“Well,we’dbetterwaitandsee.”
Soonthepaintermovedoutto18somewellknownteacherstoworkharder.Yearslater,hefinallymadeaname19inthecircleofart.
Therichmanhadforgottenthewholething.20oneday,somefriendscametotellhim,“Inafamousexhibition,onepaintingis21200,000andthemaninitlooks22thesameasyou.It’ssostrangethatits23is“Thief”.Heimmediatelythoughtofthe24.Ifthepaintingwerethatone,itwouldbea(n)25forhim.Hewenttofindtheyoungpainter26.
Anditwas!
Hequicklyapologizedtotheartistandpaid200,000dollarstobuyitback.Withastrong27,theyoungpaintermadetherichman28hishead.ThisyoungmanwasPabloPicasso.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。
一个有钱人让一位画家给他画一幅肖像,约定给艺术家10000美元,但是,有钱人后来食言了,只打算给3000美元。
艺术家对此非常生气,发誓要让有钱人付出20倍的代价。
后来,艺术家成名了,他将这幅画标价200000美元,并取名为“小偷”。
有钱人知道后,花了200000美元将这幅画买回。
艺术家终于洗刷了自己的耻辱。
9.A.awardB.reward
C.bonusD.salary
答案 B
解+析 award奖赏,奖品,奖;reward报答,酬金;bonus红利,津贴;salary薪水。
有钱人请画家给他画一幅肖像,他们约定的报酬为10000美元。
B选项正确。
10.A.illB.optimistic
C.abstractD.elegant
答案 A
解+析 ill坏的,不好的,生病的;optimistic乐观的;abstract抽象的;elegant优雅的。
由下文可知,有钱人想少付钱,这是一个非常坏的念头。
故A选项正确。
11.A.neitherB.either
C.norD.besides
答案 B
解+析 neither也不;either也;nor也不;besides此外,另外。
有钱人想:
“画像上画的是我。
如果我不买,别人也不会买。
either置于句末,表示“也”。
故B选项正确。
该句中noone已表示否定意思,故A和C选项不正确。
12.A.stoodbyB.sentfor
C.comeacrossD.pulledthrough
答案 C
解+析 standby站在……的一边;sendfor派人去请(叫);comeacross(偶然)遇见;pullthrough(使)渡过危机(或难关)。
年轻的艺术家以前从未遇到过这样的事情。
C选项正确。
13.A.sticktoB.taketo
C.seetoD.turnto
答案 A
解+析 stickto遵守,坚持(诺言、协议、决定或原则等);tak
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