北京城区高三英语二模阅读D篇汇总 带答案.docx

北京城区高三英语二模阅读D篇汇总 带答案.docx

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北京城区高三英语二模阅读D篇汇总带答案

2021城区高三英语二模阅读D篇汇总

2021海淀二模

D

Everyday,itseemsthatsomenewalgorithm（算法）enablescomputerstodiseaseadiseasewithunprecedentedaccuracy,renewingpredictionsthatcomputerswillsoonreplacedoctors.Whatifcomputerscouldreplacepatientsaswell?

Ifvirtualhumanscouldhavereplacedrealpeopleinsomestagesofacoronavirusvaccinetrial,itcouldhavespeddevelopmentofapreventivetoolandsloweddownthepandemic.Similarly,potentialvaccinesthatweren’tlikelytoworkcouldhavebeenidentifiedearly,reducingtrialcostsandavoidingtestingpoorvaccinecandidatesonlivingvolunteers.Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof"insilicomedicine",orthetestingofdrugsandtreatmentsonvirtualorgansorbodysystemstopredicthowarealpersonwillrespondtothetherapies.

Themodelingbeginsbyfeedinganatomicaldatadrawnfromnoninvasive（非侵入式）high-resolutionimagingofanindividual'sactualorganintoacomplexmathematicalmodelofthemechanismsthatgovernthatorgan'sfunction.Algorithmsrunningonpowerfulcomputersresolvetheresultingequationsandunknowns,generatingavirtualorganthatlooksandbehavesliketherealthing.

Insilicoclinicaltrialsarealreadyunderwaytoanextent.HeartFlowAnalysis,forinstance,enablesclinicianstoidentifyCAD（冠心病）basedonCTimagesofapatient'sheart.TheHeartFlowsystemusestheseimagestoconstructafluiddynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughthecoronarybloodvessels,therebyidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtoperformaninvasiveoperationtodecidewhetherandhowtointervene.Experimentingondigitalmodelsofindividualpatientscanalsohelppersonalizetherapyforanynumberofconditionsandsalreadyusedindiabetescare.

Thephilosophybehindinsilicomedicineisnotnew.Theabilitytocreateandsimulatetheperformanceofanobjectunderhundredsofoperatingconditionshasbeenacornerstoneofengineeringfordecades,suchasfordesigningelectroniccircuits,airplanesandbuildings.Variousobstaclesremaintoitswidespreadimplementationinmedicalresearchanddevelopment.

Thepredictivepowerandreliabilityofthistechnologymustbeconfirmed,andthatwillrequireseveraladvances.Thoseincludethegenerationofhighqualitymedicaldatabasesfromalarge,ethnicallydiversepatientbasethathasbothwomenandmen;improvementofmathematicalmodelstoaccountforthemanyinteractingprocessesinthebody;andfurthermodificationofAImethodsthatweredevelopedmainlyforcomputer-basedspeechandimagerecognitionandneedtobeextendedtoprovidebiologicalinsights.

InrecentyearsAmericanandEuropeanregulatorshaveapprovedsomecommercialusesofcomputer-baseddiagnostics,butmeetingregulatorydemandsrequiresconsiderabletimeandmoney.Creatingdemandforthesecomputer-baseddiagnostictoolsischallengingaswell.Insilicomedicinemustbeabletodelivercost-effectivevalueforpatients,cliniciansandhealthcareorganizationstoacceleratetheiradoptionofthetechnology.

31.Accordingtothetext,“insilicomedicine"mighthelp.

A.discoverthecauseofanillnessB.quickenthecreationofnewmedicine

C.recognizethesymptomsofadiseaseearlierD.avoidincludingunhealthyvolunteersintrials

32.WecanlearnfromthetextthatHeartFlowAnalysis.

A.workseffectivelyinCADtreatmentB.offerspersonalizedtherapiestopatients

C.reducesthechancesofinvasiveoperationsD.buildsmodelsafteridentifyingabnormalconditions

33.Accordingtotheauthor,furtherapplicationof“insilicomedicine”requires.

A.moneyandtimefromtheregulatorsB.replacementofoldmathematicalmodels

C.moreproofofitseffectivenessanddependabilityD.progressinspeechandimagerecognitiontechnology

34.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.LookingtoAItoEndExperimentalStudB.InSilicoMedicineSavedMillionsoflives

C.ExploringtheFutureofAlgorithminMedicineD.VirtualPatientsCouldRevolutionizeMedicine

2021西城二模

D

Becausethecommercialinternethasbeendevelopedwithsolittleregardforprivacy,techcompanieshavebeenabletoturnpersonaldataintoconsiderableprofits,raisingbillionsofdollarsofftheirabilitytocollectandsellinformationaboutanyonewhohaswanderedwithinshoutingdistanceoftheirsoftware.Thisweek,Googleannouncedastepintherightdirection-butnotahugestep,noronethatwillstopGooglefromcontinuingtocollectimmenseamountsofpersonaldata.

Atissueishowonlinecompaniestrackinternetusersastheybrowse（浏览）fromsitetositeonline,typicallythroughcookies（informationthatawebsiteleavesinyourcomputersothatthewebsitewillrecognizeyouwhenyouuseitagain）.Themostharmfulversion,"third-party"cookies,isthewebalternativeofacompanypostingsecurityguardsacrosstheinternettomonitorwhatyoudo,evenwhenyou'reonothercompanies'sites.

GoogledeclaredinablogpostWednesdaythatitwouldnolongeruseorsupportthird-partycookies,norwoulditcreateoruseanyothertechnologythattracksindividualusersacrosstheweb.GiventhatGoogleisamainsupplierofonlineadvertisingtechnology,Itschangeinapproachwillimpactfarandwide.

That'swelcomenews,althoughwithhugeamountsofwarning.AsLeeTienoftheElectronicFrontierFoundationnoted,third-partycookieswerealreadyontheretreat,withAppleandothermakersofpopularwebbrowsersmovingtoblockthem.Meanwhile,Google,FacebookandotherBigTechcompaniescontinuetocollectpersonalinformationinlargequantitiesfrompeoplewhousetheirsitesandservicesthroughfirst-partycookiesandsimilartechniques.

Theconcernsaboutpersonaldatacollectionarethesamewhetherit'sbeingcollectedthroughfirst-partyorthird-partytechniques,saidMichelleRichardsonoftheCenterforDemocracyandTechnology.“Companiesmayusetheinformationtodiscriminateamonginternetusers,offeringdifferentgoods,servicesandevenpricestodifferentusers.”

Insteadofhelpingadvertiserstrackindividuals,Googlesays,itisimprovingatechnologythatassignsusersnamelesslytolargegroupswithcommoninterests.That'sanimprovement,eventhoughittoomaybeatriskofabusebutwhydoanyformoftrackingatall?

Privacyadvocatessaypitches（兜售）canbetargetedeffectivelybybasingthemonwheretheuserisatthemomentnotwhereheorshehasbrowsedpreviouslyonline.

Ultimately,lawmakersaregoingtohavetolaydownregulationsgivingpeoplefarmorecontroloverwhetherandhowpersonalinformationisusedonline.Ideallythefederal（联邦的）governmentwillsetastrongfloorunderonlineprivacyprotections,butuntilthenitwillbeuptostatelawmakersorvoterstoact,asthisstatehasdonewithitsgroundbreakingonlineprivacylaws.It'sgoodtoseeGooglemovetheballforward,butthere'smuchfarthertogo.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"ontheretreat"inPara4mostprobablymean?

A.ExposedB.RemovedC.EmergingD.Fading

32.ItcanbelearnedfromthedeclarationthatGoogle.

AisdevelopingnewtechnologiestostopdatacollectionBrefusestoworkwithcompaniestrackingprivacy

C.intendstoabandonitsadvertisingtechnologiesD.resolvestostoptheuseofthird-partycookies

33.Fromthepassagewecanknowthatfirst-partycookies.

A.arestillcollectingpersonalinformationBareblockedbybigcompanieslikeApple

C.aremainlyusedbyadvertisingcompaniesD.arelessconcerningthanthird-partycookies

34.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsGooglesnewmove?

A.Itislesssatisfactorythanexpected.B.Itneedstobemoreforcefultobeeffective.

C.Itwillacceleratethedisappearanceofcookies.D.Ithasdrivenlawmakerstomakenewregulations.

2021东城二模

D

An8-year-oldboyIknowissmallforhisage,shorterandslighterthanhisfriends,evensmallerthanhis5-year-oldsister.Concernedabouttheincreasinguseandpossiblerisksofgrowthhormone（生长激素）,Iaskedhismotherifshe’dconsideredtreatinghimwithit.Shereplied,“Notreally.He’sbuiltlikehisfather,whowasshortandslightasaboyanddidn’tshootupuntilcollege.”

Hisfather,at41,isnow6feettall,thoughstillveryslender.Herecallsbeingareasonablyathleticchildbutwithoutthephysicalpowerofhisfriends,makingupforwhathelackedinmasswithspeedand agility.“Ienjoyedcompetitivesportsandworkedonskillsothersdidn’thave,”hetoldme,andsaidheencourageshissontorecognizeand capitalizeon theskillshehas.

Ifonlyeveryparentwithashortbuthealthychildapproachedthematterassensibly.Expertsestimatethat60%to80%ofchildrenwhoareshortfortheiragedonothaveagrowthhormonedeficiency（缺乏）orothermedicalconditionthatlimitsgrowth.Butknowingthere’satherapyavailabletoincreaseheight,someparentsseekamedicalsolutionforaperceivedproblem,evenwhenthereisnomedicalabnormality.Theyshouldalsoknow,however,thatnewresearchhaslinkedgrowthhormonetreatmenttoseriousunfavorablehealtheffectsyearslater.

Dr.AddaGrimberg,adoctoratChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,recalledthat“Twentyyearsago,familieswerefocusedonhealth.Theycameinwithachildwhowasnotgrowingrightandwantedtoknowiftherewasanunderlying disease.Now,moreandmore,they’refocusedonheight.Theywantgrowthhormone,lookingforaspecificheight.Butthisisnotlikeonlineshopping;youcan’tjustplaceanorderandmakeachildtheheightyouwant.”

In2003,theFoodandDrugAdministrationapproveduseofrecombinanthumangrowthhormonefortheconditionknownas“idiopathicshortstature”,orshortbuildofunkn