新课标届高考英语一轮复习专题三阅读理解考点十九生态环保类.docx
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新课标届高考英语一轮复习专题三阅读理解考点十九生态环保类.docx
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新课标届高考英语一轮复习专题三阅读理解考点十九生态环保类
考点十九 生态环保类
A
限时10分钟
Knownas“wolfgirl”atherWestWarwick,R.I.school,AlyssaGraysonhasspentmuchofheryounglifeteachingotherstoprotectandrespectanimals.Afterstartingawolfclubinthesecondgrade,Alyssalearnedallshecouldaboutherfavoriteanimals.Today,shegivespresentationsaboutprotectingwolvesatlibrariesandschools—she'sevenspokenatauniversity.Infact,she'sbecomesuchawolfexpertthatshewasappointedasthefirstjunioradvisortotheNationalWolfwatcherCoalition.
Whenshe'snotteachingothersaboutwolves,Alyssacanbefoundvolunteeringatherlocalanimalshelter,takingcareofdogsandcats.She'salsotrainedasacitizenscientistforFrogWatchUSA.Inshort,AlyssaGraysonprovesthatyouarenevertooyoungtomakeadifferenceforanimals.
Whenaskedhowshegotinterestedinsavingwolves,Alyssasays,“I'velovedwolvessinceIsawtheminamoviewhenIwas2or3yearsold.ThenonedayIsawacommercialaboutwolfhunting.Iaskedmymotherwhypeopledothis,andshetoldmebecausepeopledon'tlikewolves.IdecidedfromthenonthatIwantedtosavewolves.”
Today,wolvesarehunted,trapped,orpoisoned.Hunterschasewolvesformilesinanairplaneuntilthewolvesaretooexhaustedtorunanymore.Thentheyshootthem.Theanimaldoesn'thaveachancetoescape.Animalsarealsotrappedfortheirfur.Theyarelefttosufferinatrapwithnofood,water,orshelter.Alyssathinksthefurlooksbetterontheanimalinthewild,whereit'smeanttobe,thanonahuman.
Alyssabelieveswolvesareimportanttoourworlds.Shesays,“Wolvesareanapexpredator,whichmeanstheyareatthetopofthefoodchain.Removingthemfromtheecosystemisabigmistake.Theecosystemislikeachainofdominoes(多米诺骨牌)—withtheapexpredatorastheoneinfront.Ifyouweretoknockdownthatdomino,therestofthechainwouldgodowntoo.”
Peopleusuallythinkof“theBigBadWolf”whentheyhearaboutwolves.However,Alyssasays,“Iftheywouldbasetheirthoughtsonfacts,notfairytales,wewouldn'thavepeoplewantingtokillwolves.”
1.Alyssaisknownas“wolfgirl”atherschoolbecause________.
A.shekeepswolvesaspets
B.shewasraisedbywolves
C.shedoesalottoprotectwolves
D.shestartedawolfclubatherschool
答案:
C 细节理解题。
根据文章首句中的“hasspent...toprotectandrespectanimals”以及下文所述她喜欢狼并呼吁大家保护狼这一物种可知,阿莉莎在学校中被称为“狼女”,是因为她用她的青春教会了其他人保护和尊重狼。
故选C。
2.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Alyssa________.
A.gainedknowledgeaboutwolvesatlibraries
B.caresaboutotheranimalsbesideswolves
C.startedtogivepresentationssincethesecondgrade
D.isthefirstjuniorcitizenscientistforFrogWatchUSA
答案:
B 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段描述可知,她除了关心狼之外,还照顾其他的动物,如猫和狗。
故选B。
3.Paragraph4ismainlyabout________.
A.whywolvesarekilled
B.whywolvesaretrapped
C.thetoolsusedtohuntwolves
D.howwolvesaretreated
答案:
D 段落大意题。
文章第四段主要讲述了狼被猎杀、被围困或被毒亡的事实。
人们为了它们的皮毛不断地去猎杀它们,不给它们逃生的机会,所以该段讲述了狼是被如何对待的。
故选D。
4.FromthelastparagraphwecaninferthatAlyssa________.
A.doesn'tneedfairytales
B.doesn'tbelieveinfairytales
C.encouragespeopletofindoutthefactsaboutwolves
D.believesthatmorepeoplewillworktosavewolves
答案:
C 推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知,当人们提到狼的时候往往说“大坏狼”。
如果人们把想法建立在事实的基础上,而不是童话上,我们人类就没有人想要杀死它们了。
因此可推知,阿莉莎鼓励人们客观地对待狼,看到狼真实的一面。
故选C。
B
限时10分钟
DrivethroughanysuburbintheUStoday,andit'shardtomisstherecyclingbinsthathavebecomecompanionstoAmerica'strashcans.Recyclinghasbecomecommon,aspeoplerecognizetheneedtocarefortheenvironment.Yetmostpeople'srecyclingconsciousnessextendsonlyasfaraspaper,bottles,andcans.Peopleseldomfindthemselvesfacingthegrowingproblemofewaste.
Ewasterapidlyincreasesasthetechnofashionablefrequentlyupgradetothemostadvanceddevices,andthemajorityofthemendupinlandfills(垃圾填埋地).Somepeoplewhotracksuchwastesaythatusersthrowawaynearly2milliontonsofTVs,VCRs,computers,cellphones,andotherelectronicseveryyear.Unlesswecanfindasafereplacement,thisewastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewaterwithdangeroustoxins(毒素),suchaslead,mercury,andarsenic.Burningthewastealsodangerouslycontaminatestheair.
However,ewasteoftencontainsreusablesilver,gold,andotherelectricalmaterials.Recyclingthesematerialsreducesenvironmentalproblemsbyreducingbothlandfillwasteandtheneedtolookforsuchmetals,whichcandestroyecosystems.
Agrowingnumberofstateshaveadoptedlawstobandumpingewaste.Still,lessthanaquarterofthiswastewillreachlawfulrecyclingprograms.Somecompaniesadvertisingsafedisposalinfactmerelyshipthewastetosomedevelopingcountries,whereitstillendsupinlandfills.Theseorganizationspreventprogressbyunsafelydisposingofwasteinanoutofsight,outofmindlocation.
However,thesmallbutgrowingnumberofcitiesandcorporationsthatdohandleewasteresponsiblyrepresentsprogresstowardmakingtheworldacleaner,betterplaceforusall.
5.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?
A.ManyAmericansnowhaveaccesstorecyclingbins.
B.EwastecannotbeputintotrashcansintheUS.
C.MostAmericanshaverealizedthedangersofewaste.
D.MostofAmerica'strashcansaremadeofrecycledmaterial.
答案:
A 推理判断题。
根据第一段第二句可知,在美国,废弃物的回收利用变得很普遍,因为人们已经意识到需要关注环境。
所以,A项(很多美国人可以利用回收箱)符合题意,故选A。
6.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“contaminates”inParagraph2?
A.Pollutes.B.Heats.
C.Absorbs.D.Reduces.
答案:
A 词义猜测题。
根据第二段中的“thisewastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewaterwithdangeroustoxins(毒素),suchaslead,mercury,andarsenic”可知,这些电子污染会进入土地,污染到水源,那么燃烧污染物可能会污染空气。
由此可推断出contaminates的意思与pollutes相近,即“毒害,污染”,故选A。
7.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutburyingewasteinlandfills?
A.It'simportant.B.It'sunsafe.
C.It'sacceptable.D.It'suncommon.
答案:
B 推理判断题。
根据第二段倒数第二句中的“thisewastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewater”和第四段尾句中的“Theseorganizationspreventprogressbyunsafely...”可知,只是把电子垃圾放在看不见的垃圾填埋场,但仍旧不安全,因为它还在那里,分析选项可知B正确。
8.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?
A.Totellushowtorecycleewaste.
B.Totalkaboutthefutureofewaste.
C.Todiscussifit'snecessarytorecycleewaste.
D.Toencourageustodealwithewasteproperly.
答案:
D 推理判断题。
通读全文可知,人们对垃圾的回收普遍关注,回收普通垃圾已经成为习惯。
但随着科技的发展,合理回收电子垃圾成为现代废弃物回收的重点。
故本文的目的是鼓励我们合理处理电子垃圾,故选D。
C
限时8分钟
About5,000childrendieeachdaybecauseofpreventablediseasessuchascholeraanddysentery(痢疾),whichspreadwhenpeopleuseuncleanwaterfordrinkingorcooking.Alackofwaterforpersonalhealthleadstothespreadoftotallypreventablediseasesliketrachoma,whichhasblindedsomesixmillionpeople.
Watertroublesalsotrapmanylowincomefamiliesinacycleofpovertyandpooreducationandthepoorestsuffermostfromlackofaccesstowater.Peoplewhospendmuchoftheirtimeonillhealth,caringforsickchildren,orcollectingwateratadistanceaveraging3.75milesadaydon'thaveeducationalandeconomicchancestobettertheirlives.
Agricultureiscalledthelion'sshareofcleanwaterworldwide,usingsome70percent,andindustrialuseneedsanother22percent.Waterareashavenopoliticalbordersandnationsdon'talwaysworktogethertosharecommonresources,sowatercanbeafrequentsourceofinternationalproblemsaswell.
Daybydaydemandkeepsgrowing,furtherdrainingwatersources,fromgreatriverstogroundwater.“We'regoingdeeperintodebtonourgroundwateruse,”Postelsaid,“andthathasgreateffectsonglobalwatersafety.Therateofgroundwaterusehasdoubledsince1960.”
SomeofEarth'sgroundwaterisfossilwatercreatedwhenEarth'sclimatewasfardifferent.Todaysuchwaterisaslimitedaspetrol.“Butwe'repumpingmuchofthemoutfasterthanever,”Postelexplained.“Man'sgrowingthirstalsocausesamajorproblemaboutwaterandourecosystems.Andthatalsocreatesacosttous,tooursonsandtoourgrandsons,notjusttonature.”
9.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?
A.Watershortagehasbeenamostseriouschallenge.
B.Somanychildrendieofpollutedwatereveryday.
C.Diseasesshouldbeproperlycontrolledandtreated.
D.Wastingwaterleadstotheunrestoftheworld.
答案:
A 主旨大意题。
本文讲述了目前在全世界范围内,水资源短缺给人们的健康、生活、经济等带来的不利影响,水资源短缺是人类面临的一个相当严峻的挑战。
10.Whyisagriculturecalledthelion'sshareofcleanwater?
A.Becauseagricultureismuchstrongerthanindustry.
B.Becausemorepeopleliveontheagriculturalproduce.
C.Becauseagricultureusesabouttwothirdsofcleanwater.
D.Becausenationsdon'talwaysworktogethertosavewater.
答案:
C 细节理解题。
依据文中第三段第一句中的“usingsome70percent,andindustrialuseneedsanother22percent”可知,世界上约70%的清洁水被农业生产耗用,农业是消耗清洁水最多的产业。
11.AccordingtowhatPostelsaidwecanknow________.
A.groundwaterisrichforustouse
B.thereisnoneedtodigdeepforgroundwater
C.weareusingournextgenerations'water
D.weshoulduseriverwaterinsteadofgroundwater
答案:
C 推理判断题。
依据最后两段中Postel的话,尤其是第五段最后一句可知,我们正在消耗我们子孙的水资源。
12.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Weshouldn'tusewaterfromrivers.
B.Weshouldprotectourecosystems.
C.Watershouldbedistributedequally.
D.Lawsshouldbepassedforgroundwater.
答案:
B 推理判断题。
文章在讲述水资源的重要性,且用具体例子和数据进行证明;再结合尾段倒数第二句“Man'sgrowingthirstalsocausesamajorproblemaboutwaterandourecosystems.”可推知,我们要保护我们的生态系统。
D
限时8分钟
OurplanetEarthiscomparativelysmall,withonlyabout24,902milesaroundtheequator(赤道).Itssurfaceareamayseemlargestat196,935,000squaremiles,butofthis,71%iscoveredbysea.Theactuallandsurfacecoverssome57,500,000squaremiles—29%ofthetotalsurfacearea.
Onceagain,thisseemsvastuntilwetakeintoaccountthelargelyuninhabitedregionssuchasthehugewastesoftheArcticandAntarctic,
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