阅读理解教育文化练习及解析.docx
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阅读理解教育文化练习及解析.docx
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阅读理解教育文化练习及解析
阅读理解(教育文化)练习及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类
1.阅读理解
BrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto"buildabridge"withthingsyouknowabout,andthen"bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics".
RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion-dollarquestion:
WhatifIwentthroughaworm-holeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?
"Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense,"Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖论)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.
Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,"makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths".
WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange."Thebasicstuffisimportant,"Greenesaid."ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails."
GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis"notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam".It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(现象)—andhavingfun!
(1)Amillion-dollarquestionisprobablyvery .
A.direct
B.difficult
C.personal
D.long
(2)ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind .
A.areboringtoread
B.aremainlyaboutmaths
C.arepopularsciencebooks
D.areonlypopularamongkids
(3)AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?
A.Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.
B.Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.
C.Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.
D.ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.
(4)Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat .
A.kidscanlovescienceandphysics
B.kidscandowellinphysicsexams
C.kidscanhavefunwithexperiments
D.kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,物理和数学教授BrianGreene希望更多的孩子可以对现代物理学感兴趣。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知,作者提出的这个问题非常难。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“…booksby…‘makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths'.”可知,Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂,适合普通大众阅读,故这些书属于受欢迎的科普读物。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段可知,当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时,Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事,并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象,如果孩子们知道了这些,他们中的一些就愿意了解所有详细的内容。
因此可推知他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知,Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣,去探索宇宙的奥秘。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(认知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.
Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建议)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.
Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.
Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".
(1)Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?
A.Researchers.
B.Teachers.
C.Parents.
D.Children.
(2)Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.
B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.
C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.
D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.
(3)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?
A.Thescreentimelimit.
B.Sleephours.
C.Thephysicalactivitytime.
D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.
(4)WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?
A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.
B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.
C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.
D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼,因为这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(认知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知,本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼,这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。
所以本文的目标读者是父母们,而不是研究人员、老师或儿童。
故选C。
(2)考查主旨大意。
本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼。
根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告诉父母们如果他们这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知,满足三个要求的人认知能力最好,接下来是满足睡眠时间以及屏幕消遣限制时间,最后是满足屏幕消遣限制时间。
据此推断,体育锻炼对认知能力影响最小。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建议父母们给孩子设立睡眠规则,例如“tech-freezones”,目的是确保孩子在卧室里有足够的睡眠时间。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Hobbiesingeneralarebecomingsomethingofthepast.Ourlivesarealreadyfilledwithclasses,homework,working,relationshipsandsleeping.Whenwedohaveasparemoment,itisalltooeasytospenditontheendlessentertainmentandmediathatarerightatourfingertips.
Idonotdoubtthattherearesomepeoplewhocouldbecomeagreatwriterormusician.Ionlyfearthatsomanypeoplearebusypursuingtheireducationandtheircareers,buttheyneverevenseethepotential(潜能)theyhave.Thenextgreatphotographerorsingercouldbegoingtocollegerightnow.Buttheymightnotevenknowtheyhaveagiftforphotographingorsingingifthey'veneverpickedupacameraoraguitar.
Ofcourse,thefinalgoalofpursuinganewhobbyshouldn'tbetobecomerichandfamous.Formostpeople,ahobbyisjustsomethingtheyenjoydoingforthepurposeofthethingitself.Suchhobbiesarestillveryuseful.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohaveahobbyarelesslikelytohavestressandmorelikelytohavemoremeaningfullives.
Mostimportantly,ahobbyisjustsomethingyoudotomakeyouhappy.Ihatetobreakittoyou,butweallhavealonglifetimeofworkandstressaheadofus.Itwillmakethingsmucheasierifwecanpracticethepianoormakesomecollectionsafterwork.
Sure,it'snoteasytostartanewhobbywhilegoingtoschool,butitwilllikelynevergeteasierthanitisrightnow.Sothinkaboutthethingthatyouhavealwayswantedtotrybutweretooembarrassedorbusyorwhatever.Youneverknow,youmightbecometheworld'snextgreatpeople.Ifnot,you'llatleastbealittlemorewell-rounded,moreinterestingandlessstressed.
(1)WhatdoesParagraph1mainlyshow?
A. Allpeopleshouldlearntorelax.
B. Today'speoplehavelittletimeforhobbies.
C. Peopleinthepasttooktheirhobbiesseriously.
D. People'sliveshavebeennegativelyaffectedbymedia.
(2)Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhobbies?
A. Theymaytakeuptoomuchtime.
B. Theycanhelpusenjoyabetterlife.
C. Theysometimescanbringusstress.
D. Theyshouldmakeusfamousoneday.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?
A. Weshouldstartahobbynow.
B. Startinganewhobbyisn'teasy.
C. We'dbetterdevelopahobbyatschool.
D. Developingahobbywillgeteasierastimegoesby.
(4)What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?
A. Tointroducesomehelpfulhobbies.
B. Toencourageustohaveahobby.
C. Totellushowtocreateahappylife.
D. Totellushowtofindourpotential.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)B
(3)A
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