新世纪研究生教材听力下册B部分.docx
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新世纪研究生教材听力下册B部分.docx
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新世纪研究生教材听力下册B部分
新世纪研究生教材听力下册B部分
Unite1
PARTB
PassageI:
Populationandresources
Thepopulationoftheworldhasbeenincreasingfasterandfaster.In10,000BC.,therewereprobably10millionpeople.InA.D.1,therewere300million.Ittook1750yearsforthepopulationtoreach625million,alittlemorethandoubletheA.D.1figure.In1990,therewere5.3billionpeople.Bytheyear2000,theworld’spopulationwasover6billion,andby2050,itisexpectedtoreach10billion.
Doestheearthhaveenoughnaturalresourcestosupportthismanypeople?
Differentscientistsgivedifferentanswerstothisquestion.Somesaythatthereareenoughresourcestosupportmorethan6billionpeople.However,therichestcountries,withasmallpercentageoftheworld’spopulation,usemostoftheresources.Iftheseresourcescouldbedistributedmoreequallyaroundtheworld,therewouldbeenoughforeveryone.
Otherscientistssaythatwemustlimitpopulationgrowthbecauseourresourcesarelimited.Only10percentoftheearth’slandcanbeusedforfarmingandanother20percentforraisinganimals.Itispossibletoincreasetheamountoffarmland,butonlyalittle.Somelandindevelopingcountriescouldbemoreproductiveifpeoplestartedusingmodernfarmingmethods,butthiswouldnotincreaseworldwideproductionbymuch.
Weallknowthatthereisalimitedamountofpetroleum.Therearealsolimitstotheamountsofmetals.Thereisalimittotheamountofwaterwecanusesincemostoftheearth’swaterissaltwater,andmostofthefreshwaterisfrozenatthenorthandSouthPoles.
Itisdifficulttosayhowmanypeopletheearthcansupport,butitwillhelpeverybodyifwecanlimitpopulationgrowthbeforeseriousshortagesdevelop.Theproblemishowtodoit.
PassageIItheMiddleEast’swaterresourcecrisis:
Freshwater,lifeitself,hasnevercomeeasyintheMiddleEast.EversincetheOldTestamentwhenGodpunishedmanwith40daysand40nightsofrain,watersuppliesherehavebeendwindling.Therainfallonlycomesinwinteranddrainsquicklythroughthesemiaridland,leavingthesoiltobakeandtothirstfornextNovember.
Theregion'sacceleratingpopulation,expandingagriculture,industrialization,andhigherlivingstandardsdemandmorefreshwater.Droughtandpollutionlimititsavailability.Warandmismanagementsquanderit.NationslikeIsraelandJordanareswiftlyslidingintothatzonewheretheyareusingallthewaterresourcesavailabletothem.Theyhaveonly15to20yearsleftbeforetheiragriculture,andultimatelytheirfoodsecurity,isthreatened.
Evenamidthescarcitytherearehavesandhave-nots.ComparedwiththeUnitedStates,whichhasafreshwaterpotentialof10,000cubicmetersayearforeachcitizen,Iraqhas5,500,Turkeyhas4,000,andevenSyriahasmorethan2,800.Egypt'spotentialisonly1,100.Israelhas460,Jordanlessthan260.Butthesearenotfirmfigures,becauseupstreamuseofriverwatercandramaticallyalterthepotentialdownstream.
Scarcityisonlyoneelementofthecrisis.Inefficiencyisanother,asisthereluctanceofsomewater-poornationstochangeprioritiesfromagriculturetolesswater-intensiveenterprises.Someexpertssuggestthatifnationswouldsharebothwatertechnologyandresources,theycouldsatisfytheregion'spopulation,currently159million.Butinthispatchworkofethnicandreligiousrivalries,waterseldomstandsatoneasanissue.Itisentangledinthepoliticsthatkeeppeoplefromtrustingandseekinghelpfromoneanother.Here,wherewater,liketruth,isprecious,eachnationtendstofinditsownwaterandsupplyitsowntruth.
Unite2
PassageI
Pursesnatchingisanincreasinglycommoncrime.Thereareestimated50to100pursesnatchingseachmonthintheNewYorkCitysubways,thenumberoftenswingingwidelybecauseofthedepredationsofasingleteenager.Whensuchaprofessionalisincustody,thesnatchescandecreasebymorethan50amonth.Oneofthefavoredtechniquesistostandbetweentwosubwaycarsand,asatrainstartspullingoutofthestation,reachoutandpullfreeawoman'spurse.
Recently,acrimeanalysisofficerfortheNewYorkPoliceDepartmentfoundthatpursestealinginManhattan'stoprestaurantswasup35percentoverthepreviousyear.Whenawomanputsherpurseonanemptychairatatableoratherfeetbesideherchair,sheisinvitingapursesnatchertotakeit.Pursesnatchersoftenworkinpairs.Whenatargetinarestaurantisseen,oneofthemwillcreatesomekindofdisturbancetogainthevictim'sattention.Whilethewomanislookingawayfromhertable,theactualsnatcherwillliftthepurse.Apopulartechniqueisforthethieftocarryanumbrellawiththecurvedhandledown.Theumbrellahandlesuddenlyhooksthebagandinaninstantitisonthethief'swrist,orunderthecoatoverhisarmifheisaman,andonitswayoutoftherestaurant.Policeadvisethatwomeninrestaurantskeeptheirpurseeitherontheirlapsoronthefloorbetweentheirlegs.
Otherpursesnatcherswhooperateintheatersarecalled"seattippers",victimizingwomenwhoputtheirpursesdownonaneighboringemptyseat.Othersspecializeinsnatchingpursesfromladies'rooms.Whenawomanisinatoiletstall,herpurseshouldneverbeplacedonthefloororhungonthecoathookonthedoor.Thievessimplydiveunderthedoorandgrabthepurseonthefloor,orstandonthetoiletinthenextstallandreachoverandtakethepurseoffthehook.Thesnatcherhasenoughtimetoescapesincethevictimcan'timmediatelypursuethethief.
PassageII
OntheafternoonofJuly4,1995,Mrs.BeatriceWeinbergerbroughtherone-montholdbabybackfromanouting.Sheleftthepramoutsideherhouseandhurriedinsidetogetthebabyacleannappy.Whenshereturnedafewmomentslater,thepramwasemptyandascrawlednotewaslyingwhereherbabyhadbeen.
Thenotesaid:
"Attention.Ibadlyneedmoney,andcan'tgetitanyotherway.Don'ttellthepoliceaboutthis,otherwiseIwillkillthebaby."
"Justput$2,000insmallbillsinabrownenvelope,andplaceitnexttotheroadlampatthecornerofAlbamarleRd.atexactly10o'clocktomorrow(Thursday)morning."
"Ifeverythinggoessmooth,Iwillbringthebabybackandleavehimonthesamecorner'safeandhappy'atexactly12noon.Noexcuse,Icannotwait!
Yourbaby-sitter."Despitethekidnapper'swarning,Mrs.Weinbargercontactedthepolice.
Asmallparcelcontainingbrokenpiecesofnewspaperwasplacedonthecornerthefollowingmorning.Butthekidnapperdidnotshowup.Hefailedtokeeptwoother”appointments"withtheWeinbergers,andleftasecondnotesigned"Yourbaby-sitter'.Bythen,thepolicefeltthatthebabywasnolongeralive.
TheFBIwascalledin,andthehandwritingexpertssettoworktotrytotrackdownthekidnapper.Inbothnotesanunusualz-shapedstrokewasplacedatthefrontoftheyinwordssuchas"money"and"baby".
StartingwiththeNewYorkStatePoliceOffice,theexpertsspentthenextsixweekscarefullygoingoverlocalrecordsatpoliceoffices,factories,hotels,clubsandschoolsandexamininghandwritingsamplesandcomparingthemwiththewritingonthekidnapper'snotes.
Then,inthemiddleofAugust,theexperts'hardeffortspaidoff.ThehandwritingofJohnRushBlakematchedthatofthekidnapper's,especiallyinthepeculiarformationofthey's.
Notlongafter,JohnBlakewasarrestedformakingillegalalcohol.Onbeingshownthehandwritingsamples,heconfessedtokidnappingthebaby.Hetoldthepolicethathehadleftthebabyaliveandwellinanearbyparkonthedayafterthekidnapping.Butwhenofficershurriedtotheplace,alltheyfoundwasthebaby'sdeadbody.ThecriminalwaslaterputintoNewYork'sSingSingPrison.
EvenifJohnBlakehadtriedtodisguisehishandwritinghewouldstillhavebeencaught.
Nomatterhowhardsomeonemaytrytodisguisehishandwritingcharacteristics,the"individuality"ofthewritershowsthrough,theveryangleatwhichheorsheholdsapen,thewayatiscrossedandaniisdotted,theheightandsizeofcapitalandsmallletters,theamountofspacebetweenwords,theuse(ormisuse)ofpunctuationmarks.Allthesecanidentifyapersonassurelyasfingerprints.
Unite3
PassageI
TheApplicationofComputersinEducation
Thebestmethodforimprovingeducationalstandardsistoutilizeeverytoolavailable,includingstate-of-the-arttechnology.Computersandtheinternethaveexpandedthewayinwhichinformationcanbedeliveredtothestudentsoftoday.Today'snetworkingtechnologiesprovideavaluableopportunitytopracticenewlearningtechniques.Educatorsarediscoveringthatcomputersarefacilitatinglearning.Computer-basedcommunications,ortelecommunications,canoffermanyeducationalopportunities;therefore,educatorswillneedtoadaptcurrentteachingmethodstoincorporatethisnewmediaintotheclassroom.
Computershavemadeafundamentalimpactonmostindustries,providingacompetitiveadvantagethathascometobeessentialtomanybusinesses.Therefore,schoolsmustalsousetechnologytoimprovetheeducationalprocess.Schoolsystemsoftenconsiderpurchasingacomputernetwork,andjustifyitspurchasebyapplyingittoroutineadministrativetasks,suchasattendancerecordsandgrading.Whilethesetasksareveryimportant,theyonlyshowasmallpartofwhattechnologycandoforaschool.Technologymustgofurtherthansimplykeepingattendance;itmustfocusonkeepingstudentsinterestedandproductive.
SincecomputersandtheInternethaveexpandedthewaysinwhicheducationcanbedeliveredtostudents,itiscurrentlypossibletoengagein"distanceeducation"throught
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- 新世纪 研究生 教材 听力 下册 部分
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