外文翻译质量保证和控制.docx
- 文档编号:25213163
- 上传时间:2023-06-06
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:8
- 大小:22.11KB
外文翻译质量保证和控制.docx
《外文翻译质量保证和控制.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《外文翻译质量保证和控制.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
外文翻译质量保证和控制
外文翻译-质量保证和控制
QualityAssuranceandcontrol⑴Productqualityisofparamountimportanceinmanufacturing.Ifqualityisallowedtodeteriorate,thenamanufacturerwillsoonfindsalesdroppingofffollowedbyapossiblebusinessfailure.Customersexpectqualityintheproductstheybuy,andifamanufacturerexpectstoestablishedandmaintainanameinthebusiness,qualitycontrolandassurancefunctionsmustbeestablishedandmaintainedbefore,throughout,andaftertheproductionprocess.Generallyspeaking,qualityassuranceencompassesallactivitiesaimedatmaintainingquality,includingqualitycontrol.Qualityassurancecanbedividedintothreemajorareas.Theseincludethefollowing:
①Sourceandreceivinginspectingbeforemanufacturing;②In-processqualitycontrolduringmanufacturing;③Qualityassuranceaftermanufacturing;Qualitycontrolaftermanufactureincludeswarrantiesandproductserviceextendedtotheusersoftheproduct.SourceandReceivingInspectionbeforeManufacturingQualityassuranceoftenbeginslongbeforeanyactualmanufacturingtakesplace.Thismaybedonethroughsourceinspectionsconductedattheplantsthatsupplymaterials,discreteparts,orsubassembliestomanufacturer.Themanufacturerssourceinspectortravelstothesupplierfactoryandinspectsrawmaterialorpre-manufacturedpartsandassemblies.Sourceinspectionspresentanopportunityforthemanufacturertosortoutandrejectrawmaterialsorpartsbeforetheyareshippedtothemanufacturersproductionfacility.Theresponsibilityofthesourceinspectoristocheckmaterialandpartsagainstdesignspecificationsandtorejecttheitemifspecificationsarenotmet.Sourceinspectionsmayincludemanyofthesameinspectionsthatwillbeusedduringproduction.Includedintheseare:
①Visualinspection;②Metallurgicaltesting;③Dimensionalinspection;④Destructiveandnondestructiveinspection;⑤Performanceinspection.VisualInspectionsVisualinspectionsexamineaproductormaterialforsuchspecificationsascolor,texture,surfacefinish,oroverallappearanceofanassemblytodetermineifthereareanyobviousdeletionsofmajorpartsorhardware.MetallurgicalTestingMetallurgicaltestingisoftenanimportantpartofsourceinspection,especiallyiftheprimaryrawmaterialformanufacturingisstockmetalsuchasbarstockorstructuralmaterials.Metalstestingcaninvolveallthemajortypesofinspectionsincludingvisual,chemical,spectrographic,andmechanical,whichincludehardness,tensile,shear,compression,andspectrographicanalysisforalloycontent.Metallurgicaltestingcanbeeitherdestructiveornondestructive.DimensionalInspectionFewareasofqualitycontrolareasimportantinmanufacturedproductsasdimensionalrequirements.Dimensionsareasimportantinsourceinspectingastheyareinthemanufacturingprocess.Thisisespeciallycriticalifthesourcesuppliespartsforanassembly.Dimensionsareinspectedatthesourcefactoryusingstandardmeasuringtoolsplusspecialfit,form,andfunctionsgagesthatmayberequired.Meetingdimensionalspecificationsiscriticaltointerchangeabilityofmanufacturedpartsandtothesuccessfulassemblyofmanypartsintocomplexassembliessuchasautos,ships,aircraft,andothermultipartproducts.DestructiveandNondestructiveInspectionInsomecasesitmaybenecessaryforthesourceinspectionstocallfordestructiveornondestructivetestsonrawmaterialsorpartsandassemblies.Thisisparticularlytruewhenlargeamountsofstockrawmaterialsareinvolved.Forexampleitmaybenecessarytoinspectcastingsforflawsbyradiographic,magneticparticle,ordyepenetranttechniquesbeforetheyareshippedtothemanufacturerforfinalmachining.Specificationscallingforburn-intimeforelectronicsorenduranceruntestsformechanicalcomponentsarefurtherexamplesofnondestructivetests.Itissometimesnecessarytotestmaterialandpartstodestruction,butbecauseofthecostsandtimeinvolveddestructivetestingisavoidedwheneverpossible.Examplesincludepressureteststodetermineifsafetyfactorsareadequateinthedesign.Destructivetestsareprobablymorefrequentinthetestingofprototypedesignthaninroutineinspectionofrawmaterialorparts.Oncedesignspecificationsareknowntobemetinregardtothestrengthofmaterials,itisoftennotnecessarytotestfurtherpartstodestructionunlesstheyaregenuinelysuspected.PerformanceInspectionPerformanceinspectionsinvolvecheckingthefunctionlfassemblies,especiallythoseofcomplexmechanicalsystems,priortoinstallationinotherproducts.Examplesincludeelectronicequipmentsubcomponents,aircraftandautoengines,pumps,valves,andothermechanicalsystemsrequiringperformanceevaluationpriortotheirshipmentandfinalinstallation.质量保证和控制在生产中,产品质量占据重要作用。
如果一个生产商人气产品质量恶化,在不久的将来,他将会发现他的产品销售量会随着他的生意的衰败而逐渐下降。
用户期望他买的产品质量性能好,而且如果制造商想建立并维持信誉,必须在产品制造前、制造过程中及制造后进行质量控制和质量保证。
一般来说,质量保证包含保持质量包括质量控制在内的各项活动。
质量保证可以划分为三个方面:
①生产前的资源和要受到的监督。
②在生产过程中的质量控制③生产后的质量保证生产后的质量控制包括保证书和产品服务以及产品的使用者。
生产前的资源和受到的监督质量保证常常在任何实际生产过程开始前就已竟开始了它是由提供原料的工厂通过资源监督来完成的。
互不相连的部分,或者对生产者的进一步分配。
生产者的资源视察人员到提供产品的工厂视察并且检查原材料或生产前的那部分生产过程和分配任务。
资源监察为产品制造商筛选和拒绝原材料或零部件在他们被运送到生产商的产品设备之前筛选和拒绝原材料或零部件提供了一个机会。
资源监督员的责任就是核查与要设计的明细单不符的材料和零部件并且拒绝明细单上没有提到的项目。
资源监督可能包括会在生产过程中用到的相同的监督的许多部分。
他们大致包括以下几方面:
①目测检查;②金属性能测试③尺寸检查;④损坏性和无损坏性检查;⑤操作检查目测检查目测检查主要是为那些含有一个决定是否有明显的主要的零件或硬件的删除部门的组装的的产品或材料的颜色、纹理、表面粗糙度或整体的外观明细单。
金属性能测试金属性能测试常常在资源监督中占据重要位置,特别是如果为生产准备的先前的原材料是现货或结构材料。
金属性能测试也牵涉到包含视觉的、化学的、光谱的和机械的并且它们包括硬度、抗拉强度,剪切强度,压缩强度、和为合金做的光谱分析的检查的所有的主要部分。
尺寸检查作为尺寸要求的在已经生产过的产品中质量控制的一少部分一样重要。
尺寸在产品检查和生产过程中一样重要。
如果资源为一个装配组提供零部件尺寸尤为重要。
尺寸在资源工厂用标准的测量工具加上特殊的安装、组成和被要求的功能量具。
符合尺寸规格对所制造部件的互换性和对多部件成功组装成复杂的装置如:
汽车、轮船、飞机和其他多部件产品都是极其重要的。
损坏性和无损坏性检查对于关于原材料或零部件和准过配组要求损坏性和无损坏性检查在一些情况下他可能是必要的,当大部分现存的原材料被检查时,这就是真的。
例如,损坏性和无损坏性检查在那些被运送到生产商那进行加工之前通过摄影、磁性零件检测、染色来检查出铸件的瑕疵可能很必要。
要求及时微电子或持久性完成检验的零部件是更深一步的无损伤检测的例子。
在测试材料或零部件是否损伤是很必要。
但是,因为牵涉到损伤测试的费用和时间在任何时候都是可以避免的。
还有那些在设计中确定是否合适的安全因素的压力测试的例子。
损伤测试在模型设计中比起在原材料或零件的流水线检查中更重要。
在更深一步检查零部件的损伤中它往往是不必要的除非他们最初受到怀疑。
操作检查操作检查涉及到核查组装的功能,特别是那些复杂的机械系统,首先是在其他产品中的安装。
例子有电子设备零件、飞机和汽车发动机、泵、阀及其他需要在装运和最后安装前进行性能测试的机械系统。
QualityAssuranceandControl⑵QualityControlduringManufacturingQualitycontrolduringmanufacturinginvolvesmanyofthesamechecksasinsourceinspection.Agreatdealoftimeandeffortisinvestedinin-processqualitycontrolbythemanufacturingindustry.Majorconsiderationsforin-processqualitycontrolincludethefollowing:
①Receivinginspection;②Firstpriceinspection;③In-processinspection;④Onehundredpercentinspection;⑤Finalinspection;ReceivingInspectionInreceivinginspection,parts,material,andassembliesarecheckedagainstdesignspecificationsastheyarriveatthemanufacturersproductionorassemblyfacility.Iftheitemsreceivedarepre-manufacturedpartsrequiringfurtherassemblyorprocessing,receivinginspectionwillinspectforcorrectdimensionsandanyotherspecificationsrequiredbythedesign.FirstPriceInspectionAnytimeanewpartorproductismadeforthefirsttimeorwhenaproductionmachineissetupforrepeatproductionafterhavingbeenusedforanotherjob,afirstpieceinspectionisrequired.Whenthefirstitemcompletesthemanufacturingprocessitisinspected,andifitconformstospecificationsfurtherproductionisallowedtocontinue.Ifthefirstpieceisnotacceptable,themachineorinsomecasestheentireproductionlinemustbestoppedandresettocorrectanyproblems.Firstpieceinspectionisnecessarybeforeproductioncanbegin.In-processInspectionIn-processinspectionmustbeappliedcontinuouslyduringproduction.Eachproductionstationmusthavethenecessarytoolstoaccomplishtherequiredinspectionoperations.Pastpracticeofemployingrovingqualityinspectorstorandomlyinspectpartsthroughoutthefactoryhaslargelybeenreplacedbyin-processinspectionperformedbythemachineoperatororassemblerathisorherworkstation.Inthismannertheworker,oftenaidedbystatisticalprocesscontrol(SPC)measures,ismaderesponsibleforproductquality.OneHundredPercentInspectionOnehundredpercentinspectionreferstotheinspectionofeverypartorassemblyproduced.Thoughthismightappeartobeawaytosolveallqualitycontrolproblems,itisoftenimpracticalandaltogethertooexpensivetoaccomplishinroutinemanufacturing.Thisisespeciallytrueinhigh-volumeproductionwhereitwouldnotbefeasibletoinspecteachandeveryitemproduced.Also,onehundredpercentinspectiondoesnotalwaysproduceperfectquality.Inspectionoperationscanbefallibleandfailtodetectdefectiveproducts,especiallyinthecaseofhighlyrepetitivemanualinspection.Regardlessofitsfaults,onehundredpercentinspectionisoftenusedforcriticalcomponents.Criticalaircraftpartsmaybeonehundredpercentinspectedsincethepossibleacceptanceofanout-of-specificationpartcouldhaveseriousconsequences.Anotherplacewheresuchinspectionmaybeappliediswherenonconformingpartsbegintoshowupcontinuallyintheproductionprocess,andtheproblemmustbetrackeddownandimmediatelycorrected.Onehundredpercentinspectionmaybenecessaryuntilproductionqualityisrestored,whennormalin-processinspectionmayresume.FinalInspectionFinalinspectionpresentsanotheropportunitytosortoutpartsorassembliesthatdonotmeetspecifications.Nonconformingpartsarerejectedtobescrappedorrecycledforreworkifpossible.Itisnaturallydesirabletoavoidscrappingasmanypartsaspossiblesincetheyoftenrepresentalargeproductionexpense.QualityAssuranceafterManufacturingQualitycontrolandassurancedonotendatthemanufacturersshippingdock.Theyconti
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 外文 翻译 质量保证 控制