高三英语材料之阅读理解.docx
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高三英语材料之阅读理解.docx
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高三英语材料之阅读理解
高三英语材料之阅读理解
阅读理解1
A
Besidesentertainmentandbeautifullanterns,anotherimportantpartoftheLanternFestival,orYuanxiaoFestivaliseatingsmalldumplingballsmadeofglutinousriceflour.WecalltheseballsYuanxiaoorTangyuan.Obviously,theygetthenamefromthefestivalitself.ItissaidthatthecustomofeatingYuanxiaooriginatedduringtheEasternJinDynastyinthefourthcentury,thenbecamepopularduringtheTangandSongperiods.
ThefillingsinsidethedumplingsorYuansiaoareeithersweetorsalty.Sweetfillingsaremadeofsugar,Walnuts,sesame(芝麻),osmanthusflowers(桂花),rosepetals,sweetenedtangerine(橘子)peel,beanpaste,orjujubepaste(枣子酱).Asingleingredientoranycombinationcanbeusedasthefilling.Thesaltyvarietyisfilledwithmincedmeat(肉末儿),vegetablesoramixture.
ThewaytomakeYuanxiaoalsovariesbetweennorthernandsouthernChina.Theusualmethodfollowedinsouthernprovincesistoshapethedoughofriceflourintoballs,makeahole,insertthefilling,thenclosetheholeandsmoothoutthedumplingbyrollingitbetweenyourhands.InNorthChina,sweetornutmeatstuffingistheusualingredient.Thefillingsarepressedintohardenedcores,dippedlightlyinwaterandrolledinaflatbasketcontainingdryglutinousriceflour.Alayeroftheflourstickstothefilling,whichisthenagaindippedinwaterandrolledasecondtimeinthericeflour.Andsoitgoes,likerollingasnowball,untilthedumplingisthedesiredsize.
ThecustomofeatingYuanxiaodumplingsremains.ThistraditionencouragesbotholdandnewstorestopromotetheirYuanxiaoproducts.Theyalltrytheirbesttoimprovethetasteandqualityofthedumplingstoattractmorecustomers.
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.ThecustomofeatingYuanxiaodatesbacktothefourthcentury.
B.Sugar,rosepetalsandmincedmeatareallfillingsofYuanxiao.
C.SweetYuanxiaoareusuallymadeinsouthernChina.
D.PeopleinnorthernChinausuallymakeYuanxiaobyrollinglikeasnowball.
2.WhichcountrydoestheLanternFestivalcomefrom?
A.China B.SouthKoreaC.JinDynasty D.TangandSongperiods.
3.ChoosetherightorderofmakingTangyuaninsouthernprovinces.
①makeaholeandinsertthefilling
②rollthedoughbetweenyourhands
③shapethedoughofriceflourintoballs
④closethehole
⑤preparesomericeflour
A.⑤③②①④ B.③⑤①②④ C.③①④②⑤ D.⑤③①④②
4.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?
A.TheLanternFestival
B.TheingredientsofYuanxiao
C.ThedifferencebetweenYuanxiaoandTangyuan.
D.China’straditionalfood—Yuanxiao.
5.WhydoweeatYuanxiaotoday?
A.Becauseit’satradition.
B.Becauseit’satastyfood.
C.Becauseweloveourcountry.
D.Becausethisfoodcanmakemoney.
B
Everyonebecomesalittlemoreforgetfulastheygetolder,butmen'smindsdeclinemorethanwomen's,accordingtotheresultsofaworldwidesurvey.
Certaindifferencesseemtobeinherentinmaleandfemalebrains:
Menarebetteratmaintaininganddealingwithmentalimages(usefulinmathematicalreasoningandspatialskills),whilewomentendtoexcel(擅长)atrecallinginformationfromtheirbrain'sfiles(helpfulwithlanguageskillsandrememberingthelocationsofobjects).
Manystudieshavelookedforaconnectionbetweensexandtheamountofmentaldecline(衰退)peopleexperienceastheyage,buttheresultshavebeenmixed.
Somestudiesfoundmoreage-relateddeclineinmenthaninwomen,whileotherssawtheoppositeorevennorelationshipatallbetweensexandmentaldecline.Thoseresultscouldbeimproperbecausethestudiesinvolvedolderpeople,andwomenlivelongerthanmen:
Thementestedarethesurvivors,"sothey'retheonesthatmaynothaveshownsuchcognitivedecline,"saidstudyteamleaderElizabethoftheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.
Peoplesurveyedcompletedfourtasksthattestedsex-relatedcognitiveskills:
matchinganobjecttoitsrotatedform,matchinglinesshownfromthesameangle,typingasmanywordsinaparticularcategory(范畴)aspossibleinthegiventime,e.g."objectusuallycoloredgray",andrecallingthelocationofobjectsinalinedrawing.Thefirsttwoweretasksatwhichmenusuallyexcel;thelatteraretypicallydominatedbywomen.
Withineachagegroupstudied,menandwomenperformedbetterintheirseparatecategoriesonaverage.Andthoughperformancedeclinedwithageforbothgenders,womenshowedobviouslylessdeclinethanmenoverall.
1.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans_________.
A.natural B.great C.obvious D.absolute
2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanNotbetypedintothesamecategory?
A.cloud B.sheep C.trees D.goose
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingthearticle?
A.MendobetterthanwomenwhenitcomestolearningEnglish.
B.Womenstandoutatrememberingpeople’snames.
C.Menexcelattypingasmanywordsinaparticularcategoryaspossibleinthegiventime.
D.Womenexcelatdealingmathematicproblems.
4.Oneimportantfactorthataffectsthecorrectnessoftheresultsisthat_________.
A.theoldmentestedmaynothaveshownsuchcognitivedecline
B.peoplesurveyedareallold
C.peopletakingpartinthistestcamefromallovertheworld
D.womenlivelongerthanmen
5.Theauthoraimstotellusthat__________.
A.women’smindsperformbetterthanmen’s
B.men’smindsdeclinemorewithage
C.everyonebecomesalittlemoreforgetfulastheygetolder
D.asurveyonhuman’sminddeclinewasdonerecently
C
Thelargestearthquake(magnitude里氏9.5)ofthe20thcenturyhappenedonMay22,1960offthecoastofSouthCentralChile.
Itgenerated(生成)oneofthemostdestructivePacific-widetsunamis(海啸).Nearthegeneratingarea,boththeearthquakeandthetsunamiwereverymuchdestructive,particularlyinthecoastalareafromConcepciontothesouthendofIslaChiloe.ThelargesttsunamidamageoccurredatIslaChiloe---thecoastalareaclosesttotheepicenter(震中).Hugetsunamiwavesmeasuringashighas25metersarrivedwithin10to15minutesaftertheearthquake,killingatleasttwohundredpeople,sinkingalltheboats,andfloodinghalfakilometerinland.
TherewaslargedamageandlossoflifeatConcepcion,Chile'stopindustrialcity.NearthecityofValdivia,theearthquakeandfollowingaftershocksgeneratedlandslideswhichkilled18people.AttheportcityofValparaiso,acityof200,000,manybuildingscollapsed.Atotalof130,000housesweredestroyed---oneineverythreeintheearthquakezoneandnearly2,000,000peoplewerelefthomeless.
Totaldamagelosses,includingtoagricultureandtoindustry,wereestimated(估计)tobeoverahalfbilliondollars.Thetotalnumberofdeathrelatedwithboththetsunamiandtheearthquakewasneverfoundaccuratelyfortheregion.Estimatesofdeathsreachedbetween490to5,7002withnodistinction(差别)astohowmanydeathswerecausedbytheearthquakeandhowmanywerecausedbythetsunami.However,itisbelievedthatmostofthedeathsinChilewerecausedbythetsunami.
1.Wheredidthelargestsunamidamageoccurred?
A.Concepcion B.IslaChiloe C.Valdivia D.Valparaiso
2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetsunamiwavesgeneratedbytheearthquake?
A.Thetsunamiwavesashighas25metersarrivedimmediatelyaftertheearthquake.
B.Thetsunamiwaveskilled200peopleandsankallboats.
C.Thetsunamiwaveswereverydestructive.
D.Thetsunamiwavesfloodedhalfoftheinland.
3.WhatisgenerallythoughtthemaincauseofdeathsinChile?
A.landslides B.thetsunami
C.aftershocks D.themagnitude9.5earthquake
4.Whatisthetotalnumberofdeathsintheearthquake?
A.2,000,000 B.between490to5,7002
C.200,000 D.itwashardtoknow.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”probablymean?
A.wasdestroyed B.caughtfire
C.wasflooded D.sank
D
TheBritishNationalHealthService(NHS)wassetupin1948andwasdesignedtoprovideequalbasichealthcare,freeofcharge,foreverybodyinthecountry.Beforethistimehealthcarehadtobepaidforbyindividuals.
NowadayscentralgovernmentisdirectlyresponsiblefortheNHSalthoughitisadministeredbylocalhealthauthorities.About83percentofthecostofthehealthserviceispaidforbygeneraltaxationandtherestismetfromtheNationalInsurancecontributionspaidbythoseinwork.Therearechargesforprescriptionanddentalcarebutmanypeople,suchaschildren,pregnantwomen,pensioners,andthoseonIncomeSupport,areexemptfrompayment.
Mostpeopleareregisteredwithalocaldoctor(aGP,orGeneralPractitioner)whoisincreasinglylikelytobepartofahealthcentrewhichservesthecommunity.
AsthepopulationofBritaingetsolder,thehospitalservicenowtreatsmorepatientsthanbefore,althoughpatientsspendlesstimeinhospital.NHShospitals—manyofwhichwerebuiltinthenineteenthcentury—providenearlyhalfamillionbedsandhaveover480,000medicalstaff.TheNHSisthebiggestemployerinEuropealthoughBritainactuallyspendslessperpersononhealthcarethanmostofherEuropeanneighbours.
Duringthe1980stherewasconsiderablerestructuringoftheHealthServicewithanincreasedemphasisonmanagerialefficiencyandtheprivatizationofsomeservices(forexample,cleaning).Attheendofthe1980sthegovernmentintroducedproposalsforfurtherreformoftheNHS,includingallowingsomehospitalstobeself-governing,andencouragingGPstocompeteforpatients.Patientswouldbeabletochooseandchangetheirfamilydoctormoreeasi
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