高考英语语法填空非谓语动词真题详解.docx
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高考英语语法填空非谓语动词真题详解.docx
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高考英语语法填空非谓语动词真题详解
语法填空中对非谓语动词的考查
实例剖析
[例1]…theproverb,“pluckingupacrop 32 (help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.(2008年广东)
思路分析:
因句中已有谓语isbased,而“pluckingupacrop 32 (help)itgrow”是theproverb的同位语,是一个名词短语而非同位语从句,因此,help应是谓语动词;“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填tohelp
[例2]Whileshewasgettingme___34___(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom…(2007年广东)
思路分析:
因句中已有谓语wasgetting,所以settle应是非谓语动词;又由settlesb.into/in/on…(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知,me与settle是被动关系,要用过去分词用宾补,故填settled。
考点突破
一、单句填空:
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.___walking_________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(全国)
2.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse__arguing________(argue)withhim.(上海)
3.Pleaseremain__seated_______(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(辽宁)
remain在这里是一个系动词,后面要接形容词做表语,CD明显不对,可以排除,AB都是分词形式,可以充当形容词,但是主语是人,和seat应该是被动关系,所以用过去分词而不用现在分词.Pleaseremainseated.请坐着不要动。
Beseated请坐着不要动
4.—CanIsmokehere?
—Sorry.Wedon’tallow___smoking________(smoke)here.(江苏)
Sballowsbtodosth某人允许某人做某事
Sballowdoingsth某人被允许做某事
5.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis__accepting_____(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(陕西)
imagineone‘sdoingsth固定搭配
6.Ican’tstand_working________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses___tostop_____(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(北京)
stand(sb.)doing,“忍受(某人)做什么”;refusetodo“拒绝做
7.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_repairing____________(repair).(陕西)
Need(需要)的用法
1.Need作为实义动词
有人称、数和时态的变化(在变为否定句和疑问句时需借助于助动词)
(1)当主语是人时,后可接名词和动词不定式,
即:
needsth./needtodosth.
Eg:
Heneedssomehelp.
It'scoldoutside.Youneedtowearmoreclothes.
Need后跟不定式且用于否定句中时,表示“不必”,指没义务或没必要做某事。
Eg:
Youdon'tneedtodoitatonce.你不必马上做那件事情。
(2)当主语为物时,后接名词或v-ing.
Eg:
Theflowersneedwater.这些花需要水。
Theflowersneedwatering.这些花需要浇水。
2.need作为情态动词
(注:
情态动词不能独立作谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语,即need作为情态动词时,后面必须跟动词原形)
无人称、数和时态的变化,常用于否定句和疑问句中。
Eg:
Youneedn'tgothisweek.这周你不必去。
由need引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答一般用must,
否定回答一般用needn't。
Eg:
-------NeedIcome?
-------Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't
注:
由must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答一般用must,
否定回答一般用needn't或don'thaveto
Eg:
---------MustIgonow?
--------Yes,youmust.
No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.
8.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_living_______(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.(湖南)
try这个词后面可以接doing和todo,但是表达的含义不同.Doing表示试着去做,但不管是否成功,todo表示尝试去做,强调结果.
9.—Robertisindeedawiseman.
—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted__nottaking______(nottake)hisadvice!
(安徽)
10.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways_getting___(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(湖南)
Meandoingsth意味着做某事,
11.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks___beingopenedandclosed_______(openandclose)couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(全国)
beingopenedandclosed是正在被开或关的意思
12.—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?
—Yes.Theyareaccustomedto_nottalking______(nottalk)atmeals.(江苏)
beaccustomedtodoingsth.习惯做某事(请注意:
to为介词,并非不定式的标志,即后面加动词原形)
13.Isn'tittimeyougotdownto________(mark)thepapers?
(重庆)
getdowntodoingsth.是固定搭配,“开始做某事”;to为介词,后面接动名词或名词,
14.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_setting_______(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.(上海)
学生可能会抓住“hehadto”而选择A,因为他们对hadtodosomething的结构太熟悉了。
其实,句中hadto与setup并不构成搭配,因为hehad为定语从句修饰先行词all,setup与devoteall…to构成搭配,即devotealltosettingup(to为介词),
15.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto__walking______(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.(上海)
16.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime___passing_____(pass)theexam.(福建)
Haveahardtime/difficulty/trouble….(in)doingsth.做某事有艰难、困难或有麻烦.
17.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek__watching___(watch)TV.(上海)
spendsometime(in)doingsth.,中间出现了upto(达到),增加了选择的难度.
18.Ibelievethat’sthebestwaytopreventsuchathingfrom__happening_____(happen)again.(全国)
19.Didyouhavetroublein__finding______(find)thepostoffice?
(全国)
20.Sandycoulddonothingbut___admit___(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(上海)
介词后接动词通常应是动名词.但是介词but(except也一样)却比较特殊,其后接动词时,可以接不定式,并且这个不定式可以带to也可以不带to:
1.当其前的谓语含有实义动词do(可以是各种形式)时,其后的不定式通常不带to:
Shewilldoanythingbutplaychess.她除了下棋外什么都愿干.
HedidnothingalldayexceptwatchTV.他一整天除了看电视什么也没做.
2.当其前的谓语没有某种形式的实义动词do时,其后的不定式通常要带to:
Theyhadnochoicebuttoobey.他们别无选择只有服从.
Hewantednothingbuttostayhere.他除了想呆在这里外,其它什么也不想.
3.当其前含有实义动词do但不是用作谓语时,其后的不定式带不带to均可,但以不带to为多见:
There'snothingtodobut(to)leave.只好离开.
Therewasnothingtodobut(to)wait.除了等没有其它的办法.
4.在cannot(help)but后习惯上接不带to的不定式:
Icannot(help)butadmirehiscourage.我不得不佩服他的勇气
21.Ismellsomething_burning_______(burn)inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?
(全国)
something应该正在烧,而且something与burn之间是主谓关系,即是其自己烧了起来,所以要用现在分词
22.Don’tleavethewater__running______(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津)
leavethewaterrunning指的是让水一直流,表状态。
水和run之间是主动关系。
23.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____burning_______(burn)allnight.(全国)
24.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____carried_________(carry)outthenextyear.(全国)
25.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish__spoken_________(speak)asmuchaswecan.(江苏)
26.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem__interested__________(interest)inhislectures.(江苏)`
27.Energydrinksarenotallowed__making______(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(上海)
28.Myadvisorencouragedme_totake_______(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(北京)
encouragesb.todosth.是固定短语,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,不定式在句中作宾补.
29.Myparentshavealwaysmademe__feel______(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.(江苏)
Makesbdomakesthdonemakesb.done使某人被sbbemadetodosth
havesbdo让某人干某事havesthdonehavesb.done使某人被
letsbdoletsthdoneletsb.done使某人被
getsbtodo使某人干某事getsthdonegetsbdone使某人被
leavesbtodosth让某人干某事leavesthdone
asksbtodo使某人干某事
30.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____grow____(grow)upfromchildhood.(全国)
seesbdosth看见某人做某事seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事
31.Themotherfeltherself__grow______(grow)coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(上海)
feel作为感官动词,表示“感觉”,后接动词不定式的复合结构作宾语时,不定时不能带“to”,即省略to,直接加动词原形
32.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade___tolearn_____(learn).Healwaysworkshard.(全国)
33.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.
—Sorry.Withsomuchwork____filling____(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(福建)
34.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork___finished_________(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.(安徽)
35.Withalotofdifficultproblems__tosettle______(set),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(上海)
这是一个with复合结构.动词不定式tosettle做定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题;过去分词settled作定语表示已经解决的难题;现在分词的被动式beingsettled作定语表示正在被解决的难题.所提供的语境thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题,所以要用tosettle作定语.这句话的意思是“有很多难题要解决,新任总统的日子不好过.”
36.Thedirectorhadherassistant__pick____(pick)upsomehotdogsforthemeeting.(全国)
37.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?
—Hehadit__fixed______(fix),becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.(安徽)
38.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish__improved______(improve)inashortperiod.(福建)
39.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself__heard______(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.(广西)
40.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow__saying______(say)hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.(四川)
40.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow________(say)hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.(四川)
41.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not___moving_____(move),andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(湖南)
42._____walking______(walk)inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.(安徽)
43.______waiting________(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.(福建)
44._____blamed_____(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(福建)
45.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_tobetold____________(tell)thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(陕西)
only和不定式连用常构成结果状语,表示与预料相反的结果,意思是“竟然……、结果……”。
46.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,__making__________(make)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(全国)
47.Youweresillynot____tohavelocked____________(lock)yourcar.(湖南)
It's/Sb.is+adj.+todosth.该句用不定式的完成时态是因为动作已经完成。
48.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood____tobreathe_______(breathe).(宁夏)
be+adj+todo是不定式的一个固定用法.比如说,这个工具很好使,你得说:
thetooliseasytouse.而不是:
thetooliseasytobeused或者thetooliseasyusing.这里的todo可以表达被动的意思,因为是工具被使用,空气被吸入,也就是所谓的主动形式表达被动意义.
49.____tocomplete_________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(湖南)
50.When___asked_____(ask)whyhewentthere,hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight.(江西)
51.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless___watered____(water)everyday.(四川)
52.When__compared___________(compare)differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.(浙江)
53.—Thelastone___toarrive________(arrive)paysthemeal.
—Agree!
(全国)
固定用法,thelastonetodosth,
不光是Last,其他序数词都用ToDo~
比如Iamthefirsttocometoschool
再比如;heisthethirdtofinishthework
54.Thetrees__blown_______(blow)inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.(湖南)
55.Canthose___seated______(seat)atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?
(福建)
56.Readingisanexperiencequite
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