考研考试真题英语二试题.docx
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考研考试真题英语二试题.docx
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考研考试真题英语二试题
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(二)
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
It'snotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuchharder,1,tounderstandtheirnegativeconsequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents.2oneandtheothersbecomedistorted.
TravelonaLondonbusandyou'll3seehowthisworkswithdrivers.Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets.Aretheycarefullyinspected?
Never.Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?
Ofcourse!
Arethereinspectorsto4thatpeoplehavepaid?
Possibly,butveryfew.Andpeoplewhorunforthebus?
Theyare5.Howaboutjumpinglights?
Busesdosoalmostasfrequentlyascyclists.
Why?
Becausethetargetis6.Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent.7,thenumberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddriverswere8orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook.Anddrivershitthesetargets.Butthey9hitcyclists.Ifthetargetwaschangedto10,youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing.Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety,youwouldgetmore11driverswhoobeyedtrafticlaws.Butboththesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseoftime.
Thereisanother12:
peoplebecameimmenselyinventiveinhittingtargets.Haveyou13thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?
Tailwinds?
Ofcoursenot!
Airlineshavesimplychangedthetimea14ismeanttotake.Aone-hourflightisnowballadasatwo-hourflight.
The15ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsaremultidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumaywell16others.EverythingCanbedonefasterandmadecheaper,butthereisa17.Settingtargetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegativeconsequences.
Thisisnotanargumentagainsttarget-setting.Butitisanargumentforexploringconsequencesfirst.Allgoodtargetsshouldhavemultiplecriteria18criticalfactorssuchastime,money,qualityandcustomerfeedback.Thetrickisnotonlyto19justoneoreventwodimensionsoftheobjective,butalsotounderstandhowtohelppeoplebetter20theobjective.
1.A.thereforeB.howeverC.againD.moreover
2.A.EmphasizeB.IdentifyC.AssessD.Explain
3.A.nearlyB.curiouslyC.eagerlyD.quickly
4.A.claimB.proveC.checkD.recall
5.A.threatenedB.ignoredC.mockedD.blamed
6.A.punctualityB.hospitalityC.competitionD.innovation
7.A.YetB.SoC.BesidesD.Still
8.A.hiredB.trainedC.rewardedD.grouped
9.A.onlyB.ratherC.OnceD.Also
10.A.comfortB.revenueC.efficiencyD.security
11.A.friendlyB.quietC.cautiousD.diligent
12.A.purposeB.problemC.prejudiceD.policy
13.A.interestingB.revealedC.abmittedD.noticed
14.A.breakB.tripC.departureD.transfer
15.A.moralB.backgroundC.styleD.form
16.A.interpretB.criticizeC.sacrificeD.tolerate
17.A.taskB.secretC.productD.cost
18.A.leadingtoB.callingforC.relatingtoD.accountingfor
19.A.specifyB.predictC.restoreD.create
20.A.modifyB.reviewC.presentD.achieve
参考答案:
1-5:
BADCB
6-10:
ABCDB
11-15:
CBDBA
16-20:
CDCAD
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Reskillingissomethingthatsoundslikeabuzzwordbutisactuallyarequirementifweplantohaveafuturewherealotofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.
Weknowwearemovingintoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwillchangerapidly,aswilltherequirementsofthejobsthatremain.ResearchbytheWEFdetailedintheHarvardBusinessReview,findsthatonaverage42percentofthe“coreskill”withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.Thatisaveryshorttimeline,sowecanonlyimaginewhatthechangeswillbefurtherinthefuture.
Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.Forindividualcompanies,thetemptationisalwaystoletgoofworkerswhoseskillsarenolongerdemandandreplacethemwiththosewhoseskillsare.Thatdoesnotalwayshappen.AT&Tisoftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanywhodecidedtodoamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowithafire-and-hirestrategyultimatelyretraining18,000employees.Prepandemic,othercompaniesincludingAmazonandDisneyhadalsopledgedtocreatetheirownplans.Whentheskillsmismatchisinthebroadereconomythough,thefocususuallyturnstogovernmenttohandle.EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguablylanguidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewefrequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkersevenattimesandinregionswhereunemploymentishigh.
Withthepandemic,unemploymentisveryhighindeed.InFebruary,at3.5percentand5.5percentrespectively,unemploymentratesinCanadaandtheUnitedStateswereatgenerationallowsandworkershortageswereeverywhere.AsofMay,thoserateshadspikedupto13.3percentand13.7percent,andalthoughmanyworkershortageshaddisappeared,notallhaddoneso.Inthemedicalfield,totakeanobviousexample,thepandemicmeantthattherewerestillclearshortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel.
Ofcourse,itisnotlikeyoucantakeanunemployedwaiterandtrainhimtobedoctorinfewweeks,nomatterwhopaysforit.Butevenifyoucannotclosethatgap,maybeyoucancloseothers,anddoingsowouldbetothebenefitofallconcerned.ThatseemstobethecaseinSweden,wherethepandemickick-startedaretrainingprogramwherebusinessaswellasgovernmenthadarole.
ReskillinginthiswaywouldbechallenginginaNorthAmericancontext.Youcaneasilyimagineachorusof"youcan’tdothat"becauseteachersornursesorwhoeverhavespecialskills,andusinganysupportstaffwhohasbeenquicklytrainedisboundtoendindisaster.Maybe.OrmaybeitissomethingthatcanworkwellinSweden,withitshistoryofco-operationbetweenbusiness,labourandgovernment,butnotinNorthAmericawhereourhistoryisverydifferent.Thenagain,maybeitisakintowartime,whenextraordinarythingstakeplace,butitisbusinessasusualafterthefact.Andyet,asinwarthepandemicisteachingusthatmanythings,includingrapidreskilling,canbedoneifthereisawilltodothem.Inanycase,Swedens’workforceisnowmoreskilled,inmorethings,andmoreflexiblethanitwasbefore.
Ofcourse,reskillingprograms,whetherforpandemicneedsorthepostpandemicworld,areexpensiveandatatimewheneveryone’sbudgetsareleanthismaynotbethetimetoimplementthem.Thenagain,extendingincomesupportprogramstogetusthroughthenextmonthsisexpensive,too,tosaynothingofthecostofhavingaswathoflong-termunemployedinthePOST-COVIDyearsGiventhat,perhapsweshouldthinkhardaboutwhetherthepandemiccanjump-startustoaplacewherereskillingbecomesmuchmorethanabuzzword.
21.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumsuggests
A.anincreaseinfull-timeemployment
B.anurgentdemandfornewjobskills
C.asteadygrowthofjobopportunities
D.acontroversyaboutthe“coreskills”
22.AT&Tiscitedtoshow
A.analternativetothefire-and-hirestrategy
B.animmediateneedforgovernmentsupport
C.theimportanceofstaffappraisalstandards
D.thecharacteristicsofreskillingprogram
23.EffortstoresolvetheskillsmismatchinCanada
A.havedrivenuplabourcosts
B.haveprovedtobeinconsistent
C.havemetwithfierceopposition
D.haveappearedtobeinsufficient
24.WecanlearnfromParagraph3thattherewas
A.acallforpolicyadjustment.
B.achangeinhiringpractices.
C.alackofmedicalworkers.
D.asignofeconomicrecovery.
25.ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto
A.Greatjobvacanciesfortheunemployed.
B.Preparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobs.
C.Retraintheircabinstaffforbetterservices.
D.financetheirstaff'scollegeeducation.
Text2
Withtheglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10billionby2050,andforecaststhatagriculturalproductioninsomeregionswillneedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurityisincreasinglymakingheadlines.IntheUK,ithasbecomeabigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,foraratherparticularreason:
Brexit.
BrexitisseenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecenttrendtowardstheUKimportingfood.Thecountryproducesonlyabout60percentofthefooditeats,downfromalmostthree-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebacktoself-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,wouldboostthefarmingindustry,politicalsovereigntyandeventhenationshealth.Soundsgreat-buthowfeasibleisthisvision?
AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry'stotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80percentofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountryinlivestockfarmswouldn’tallowustocoverallourmeatanddairyneeds.
Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestillgrave.Tobecomemuchmoreself-sufficient,theUKwouldneedtodrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,andprobablyalsofarmmoreintensivelymeaningfewergreenfieldsandmorefactory-styleproduction.
Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn’thelp.ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry:
mostofitsterraindoesn’thavetherightsoilorclimatetogrowcropsoncommercialbasis.Just25percentofthecountry’slandis
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