初中英语被动语态讲解.docx
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初中英语被动语态讲解.docx
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初中英语被动语态讲解
初中英语被动语态讲解
语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
一.被动语态的时态:
1.一般现在时的被动语态:
am/is/are+动词的过去分词
2.一般过去时的被动语态:
was/were+动词的过去分词
3.一般将来时的被动语态:
willbe+动词的过去分词
4.现在进行时的被动语态:
am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词
5.现在完成时的被动语态:
have/has+been+动词的过去分词
6.情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词+be+动词的过去分词
二.被动语态的基本用法:
(1)需要强调动作的承受者时
TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld
Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldnow.
(2)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时
Mr.Wangisinvitedtothemeetingtoday.
Theproblemisdealtwithnow.
(3)当说话人需要强调客观时
Itissaidthatshewasabeautywhenshewasyoung.
三.主动主动语态变被动语态的变法:
口诀:
宾变主,主变宾,谓变bedone,时不变,数格必须随被变。
注:
1.主动、被动的时态要一致。
2.主动、被动的句式要一致。
3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。
语态转换不被动语态的步骤
1,把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语
2,把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+过去分词"。
3,原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。
)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。
4,其它成分不变
5,被动语态中"by+宾语"的省略
被动语态句式中的"by+宾语"表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者"by+宾语"常常被省略。
(1)动作执行者不确定时
Paperismadefromwood.
Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidentseveryyear.
(2)不必表明动作执行者时
Englishisalsospokenasthesecondlanguageaswellasoneoftheofficiallanguages
Footballisplayedinmostschools。
(3)动作执行者为一般大众时
BothEnglishandSpanisharespokeninthisarea.
一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式
(1)肯定式:
主语+was/were+过去分词+by
ItwasmadeinBeijingRen'aiEducationInstitute.
(2)否定式:
主语+was/were+not+过去分词+by
Shewasnotgivenapanitingbyhim.
Thisquestionwasnotdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.
(3)一般疑问句:
Was/Were+主语+过去分词+by?
Wasitmadeofbamboo?
(4)特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+was/were+过去分词+by
Whatwasismadeof?
教你一招
如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does,被动语态用is/am/are
如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did,被动语态用was/were.
由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式
(1)肯定式:
主语+情态动词+be+过去-Watercanbechangedintoice.
Sheoughttotidyupherbedroom----Herbedroomoughttobetidiedup.
Youshouldbuyadictionaryatonce----Adictionaryshouldbeboughtatoncebyyou.
(2)否定式:
主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词+by
Youmustnottakeoutanybooks.-Anybooksmustn'tbetakenoutbyyou.
Theyneedn'tlookafterthelittlechild----Thelittlechildneedn'tbelookedafter(bythem)
(3)疑问句:
情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+by
Canyouuseit?
------Canitbeused?
常见的情态动词有:
can,may,oughtto,must,dare,need,should.
主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:
1,当宾语是反身代词时ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Parker.
2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Doesthepairofnewshoessuityou?
Wewillhaveameeting.
四.特殊情况的被动语态:
1.带双宾语的被动语态:
动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)
口诀:
如遇双宾语,一般变间宾,若把直宾变,to/for间宾连。
1).give/pass/show与介词to搭配。
givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.
2).buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。
buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsb
Hegavemeabook
I____________abookbyhim.
Abook_____________mebyhim.
Mymothermademeacake.
I_________acakebymymother
Acake____________mebymymother.
2.带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态:
动词+sb+dosth.
口诀:
感使动词真叫怪,to来to去记心怀,主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。
动词:
make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watch
makesbdosth----sb+be+made+todosth
Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday
Theworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.
3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时doing不变。
IheardTomsingingjustnowTom_______________bymejustnow.
4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_____________________.
五.注意事项:
1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态:
last,have,own…..belongto,suit…fine,
2.不及物动词是没有被动语态:
happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)
3.系动词是没有被动语态:
Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….
Thedishtastesgood.
4.有些词组没有被动语态:
sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewell
Thiskindofskirtsellswell.
5.need表示需要时,后面常接doing形式表示被动意义,相当于tobedone.
Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=
Allthecomputersneed_______________.
6.在too…to…及enoughto…结构中有时表示被动意义。
Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.
(一)
一、单项选择
()1.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?
—Yes.Ourclassroom___everyday.
A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning
()2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology___intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give
()3.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing
C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished
()4.—DidyougotoJack’sbirthdayparty?
—No,I____.
A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvited
C.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite
()5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?
—Whenyourhomework___,youcan.
A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did
()6.Twenty—year—oldsshouldnot____todriveinChina.
A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.
()7.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat___.
A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.
()8.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought___in1999.
A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.
()9.Treesandflowers__everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.
A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.
()10.China’ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiang___GoodWillAmbassadors(亲善大使)forShanghai.
A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.
()11.Theearthisourhome.It___well.
A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotect
C.needprotectD.shouldprotected.
()12.Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade___whattheyarenot___.
A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interested
C.do;interestedD.do;interested.
()13.___anewlibrary____inyourschoollastyear?
A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.
()14.Anaccident___onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.
()15.Cotten____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.
()16.Sofar,themoon___bymanalready.
A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.
()17.Howmanytrees___thisyear?
A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.
()18.Alotofthings___bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.
()19.Neitherofthem___inChina
A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.
()20.Look!
Anicepicture___forourteacher.
A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.
()21.Yourshoes___.Youneedanewpair.
A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn.
()22.Thedoctor___foryet.
A.isn’tsentB.hasn’tbeensentC.won’tbesentD.wasn’tsent.
()23—When___thiskindofcomputer___?
—Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used
()24.TheGreatWall__aboutallovertheworld.
A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.
()25.I___insummer.
A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn.
()26.HesaysthatMrZhang___tothefactorynextweek.
A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.
()27.Who___thisbook__?
A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written
()28.Mary___showmehernewdictionary.
A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto
()29.Astory__byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus
()30.Themonkeywasseen____outofthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump
(二)
二、单项选择
1()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound
()2English____inCanada.
A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken
()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung
()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
2()1Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
()2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.
-I'msorry.___.
A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold
()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
3()1Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
()2Thesepapers___yet.
A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten
C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten
()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't
4()1-Myshoesarewornout.-___.
A.Can'ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.
C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'ttheymended?
()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are
()3___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do
5()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld
C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld
()2Whowasthebook___?
A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby
()3Where___theseboxesmade?
A.wasB.wereC.isD.am
6()1Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater
()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow
()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.
A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended
7()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuilt
C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt
()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.
A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown
()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuild
C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild
8()1Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.
A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept
()2Thepot___for___hotwater.
A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepin
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