十大经典论证0206强化.docx
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十大经典论证0206强化.docx
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十大经典论证0206强化
十大经典论证
一、解释说明——让细节成为王道
Inotherwords,
Thatistosay,
BythatImean,
videlicet,
1)并列词或短语
intermsof…and…
rangingfrom…to…
Inotherwords,technology,intermsofconvenientsearchingengine,automaticappliance,advancedwirelesscommunicationandcutting-edgebiopharmaceuticalindustry,engendersanunprecedentedlife.
precedent
engender=generate=create
Inotherwords,media,intermsofTV,radio,magazinesandadvertising,fillinourlife.
Inotherwords,thedetailedinformationinthebooks,rangingfromthebasicintroductionofthepopulationandthegeography,thevividdescriptionofthelocalcustoms,thefantasticpicturesofthenaturalandhistoricalscenetotheexplicitrecordofothervisitors,providesanall-roundfigureofacountry.
2)并列定语从句
Thesecritics--whopointoutthebeautiesofstyleandideas,whodiscoverthefaultsoffalseconstructions,andwhodiscusstheapplicationoftherules--usuallyhelpalotinengenderinganunderstandingofthewriter'sessay.
Thetechnology--whichtransformsthegreencropstothegeneticallymodified(GM)food,whichaddsthechemicalstoprolongthefreshnessspanofthevegetables,andwhichsubtractsthenutritionbyfastmanufacture--makesthefoodlesshealthy.
Thecopyingbehavior--whichwasnotpermittedbythewriter,whichignorethecreativeeffort,andwhichusesashort-cuttogettheachievement--barelyshowrespecttotheoriginalcreator.
二、语言的艺术——比较彰显魅力
∙Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine.--AlexanderPope
∙That'sonesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind.--NeilArmstrong
1.同类别比较
1)sodoI句型
∙Thegrassbendswitheverywind;sodoesHarvey.
∙Theseasarequietwhenthewindsgiveup;socalmarewewhenpassionsarenomore.--EdmundWaller
∙Thefreechargeofthepublicfacilitiesincursseveredamageandexcessivepeople,sodoesthepublictransportation.
2)Thesameistrueof…
大范围(句子)Thesameistrueof…小范围(名词)
Everycreatureisendowedwithdifferentfingers,longorshort.Thesameistrueofthedistincttalent.
2.比喻
∙Thatclubisspreadinglikewildfire.
∙Thatclubisspreadinglikecancer.
∙Thatclubisreallyblossomingnow.
1)XislikeY
Lifeislikeaboxofchocolate,andyouneverknowwhatitisgoingtobe.
∙Thispaperisjustlikeanaccountant'sreport:
preciseandaccuratebutabsolutelyuseless.
2)XissimilartoY
XissimilartoYinthat…
rubberballcareerfriendsloverfamilyhealth
The…issimilartoaglassballinthatitistoovulnerabletobearasingledrop.
The…issimilartoakaleidoscopeinthatitprovidesdiversevisionstodifferentpeople.
The…issimilartothesuninthatitshineswhilethebrightnessalwaysblindsoureyes.
catalyst
The…issimilartothecatalystinthatitlubricatestherelationship.
3)XresemblesY
简单化XisY-like…
∙Thisgearhasaflower-likesymmetrytoit.
Myfriendhasanangel-likeheart.
ShewritesaShakespeare-likeessay.
3.类比
AistoBasCistoD.
Youaretomeaswateristofish.
Thecitizensaretotherulerasthewateristoboat.
asthecrystalshoeistoCinderella.
thecarrotistoBugBunny.
thehoneyistoWinniePooh.
thegirderistoaskyscraper.
concrete
4.对比的魅力(黑白)
Ais…,whileBisjusttheopposite.
ApalesinimportancecomparedtoB.
dwarf
Culturalenrichmentpalesinimportancecomparedtofood,clothing,andshelter.
三、原因
1)原因状语从句
because=inasmuchas/seeingthat/consideringthat/nowthat…
becauseof=Dueto/owningto+词汇
2)结果状语从句
so=thus=hence=therefore
Asaconsequence=
Asaresult=
Consequently
3)目的状语从句
inordertodo
therebydoing
Weshouldadvocatethelow-carboncampaigntherebyprotectingtheenvironment.
Weshouldformtheawarenessofenvironmentprotectiontherebyguardingthehuman’sindispensiblehome,videlicet,earth.
forthesakeof+n./doing
Thereasonwhy…isthat…
Thereasonwhyweplanttreesisthatitcouldprotecttheenvironment.
Forthesakeofprotectingtheenvironment,weshouldadvocatethelow-carboncampaign.
4)特殊的原因表达——because的否定转移
当否定副词修饰其后动词不能解释时,否定副词修饰because引导的原因状语从句。
Youdoloveawomannotbecausesheisbeautiful.
Youdon’tloveawomanbecausesheisbeautiful,butsheisbeautifulbecauseyouloveher.
Don’tcrybecauseitisover,butsmilebecauseithappened.
Hedoesnotexercisebecausehelikesto.
A)Helikestoexercisebyhimself.
B)Heexercisesforreasonsotherthanenjoyed.
C)Heisgladhedoesn’thavetoexercise.
D)Hedoesn’thaveenoughtimetoexercise.
Wedon’thaveclassesbecauseweliketo.
Wedon’tdohomeworkbecauseweliketo.
Idon’tgetupbecauseIliketo.
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatement?
Peoplespendtoomuchtimeonwhattheyenjoydoingratherthanwhattheyshoulddo.
学习
Wedon’ttaketheTOEFLbecauseweliketo.
生活
工作
四、假设
1)越来越。
。
。
The+adj./adv.比较级+主语+谓语,the+adj./adv.比较级+主语+谓语
Themorefriendsonehas,thegreaterinterpersonalskillsare.
Themoreadvancedtechnologybecomes,themorereliableweare.
虚拟语气(与真实条件相反)
现在If…were/did…,…woulddo…
WereIthepresident,Iwouldcutdownthetax.
Providedthat+一般现在时
ProvidedthatIamthepresident,Iwillcutdownthetax.
过去
If…haddone…,…wouldhavedone….
hadInotwatchedtheTV,Iwouldhavefinishedthehomework.
if去掉
had提前
HadInothadtheexam,Iwouldhavebeenhappy.
2)Providedthat…
3)Had…done,…wouldhavedone…过去虚拟语气的倒装句
Ifsb.haddonesth,hewouldhavedone…
HadHenryFordbeenmotivatedbymoney,hewouldneverhaveappliedtheassemblylinetotheproduction.
五、修辞问句
1.设问需要回答——开头
What+抽象名词+写作对象?
function/status/role
Whatisfunctionofparents?
Whatisroleofhappiness?
Whatisthestatusofmoney?
1)Isit…?
Isit…?
Isit…?
Forme,…
2)分类讨论
Whatroleshouldtheparentsplayineducatingchildren?
Isitthematerialsupplierinclothing,food,shelterandtransportation?
Isittheguidanceinexploringthepotentialability?
Isittosupervisethechildrentoleadarightandefficientroad?
Forme,themostessentialresponsibilityforparentsistolimitthechildrenwhoarestillimmatureandinexperienced.Therefore,…个人观点
Whatisthemostessentialfunctionofmedia?
Isn’titthemethodwegetinformation?
Isn’tittheproofweusetosupport?
Isn’tittheentertainmentwerelax?
Whatisthemostessentialfunctionofmedia?
Thechildrenmightgiveaguilelessanswer,towatchthecartoonsfromtheTVbox.
Theadultsmightgivearealisticanswer,torelaxafterawearyday.
Theseniorsmightgiveasophisticatedanswer,togetinformationandknowthechangearoundtheworld.
反问——不需要回答
用法:
列事实(主体段落论据之后)
Howcouldsbdo…
richexperience
Howcouldtheexperiencebewidelyappliedwithoutdiversesortsofjobs?
Howcouldthebossrecognizeone’stalentandaptitudewithoutachievementindistinctrealms?
Howcouldonebeadapttoaworkwithoutdrearyinsistenceinoneposition?
Whatistheroleofgovernment?
improver
六、名人名言
•But,ofcourse,tounderstandallistoforgiveall.
Toseeistobelieve.
•Asthesayingis,artislongandlifeisshort.
•AsPascalremindsus,"Itisnotgoodtohaveallyourwantssatisfied."
1)Welearnfromhistorythatweneverlearnfromhistory.FrancisBacon
Historyrepeatsitself.
WWl
WWll
2)Themostpainfulthingisnotwhatyousuffer,butwhatyoumiss.
3)Youwillneverhavewhatyoulikeuntilyoulearntolikewhatyouhave.–Goethe
4)Truthneedsnocolour;beauty,nopencil.Shakespeare
真理不需色彩,美丽不需涂饰。
Havingmealstogethercouldenhancetherelationshipamongfamilymembers.Therearenumerousevidencestoprovethispoint.However,toavoidaredundantargument,thefactthatthetrueloveisformedintruelifebarelyneedsmoreproof.AsShakespearehadeversaid:
“Truthneedsnocolour;beauty,nopencil.”
4)钱
钱重要:
Marx:
Economicbasedeterminesthesuperstructure.
钱不重要:
Shakespeare:
Takehonourfrommeandmylifeisundone.
吾誉若失,吾生休已
5)AsFrancisBacon,oneofthedistinguished/renowned/famousphilosopherseverbelieves,“Historiesmakemenwise;poemswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.”
Studyservesfordelight,forornament,andforability.读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。
6)WemightcitetheclassicalwordsfromConfucius.HewasaChinesethinkerandphilosopher,emphasizingthevirtuesinbeingagoodpersonandthelawsinrulingacountry,whogainedprominenceallovertheChinaoverotherdoctrinessuchasTaoismandLegalism.IntheAnalectsofConfucius,itrecordedthat…isthecompass;withoutcompass,thereisnodirection;withoutdirection,thereisnolife.
7)万能句型
(1)Idealisthebeacon.Withoutideal,thereisnosecuredirection;withoutdirection,thereisnolife.(重要)
Artisthebeacon.Withoutart,thereisnosecuredirection;withoutdirection,thereisnolife.
Wordsarethebeacon.Withoutwords,thereisnosecuredirection;withoutdirection,thereisnolife.
(2)Ifyouwishtosucceed,youshouldusepersistenceasyourgoodfriend,experienceasyourreference,prudenceasyourbrotherandhopeasyoursentry.(ThomasEdison)
IthinkthereforeIam.
(多样性)谨慎
diplomatic
foreignaffairs
Ifcountrywishestosucceed,thecountryshoulduseeducationasyourgoodfriend,economyasyourreference,environmentasyourbrotherandmilitaryasyoursentry.
3)Youmustbeabletobeangrywiththerightperson,totherightdegree,attherighttime,fortherightpurposeandintherightway.
with
to
at
for
in
AbrahamLincoln
Thatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.
民有民治民享
Aristotleemotion
度
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