口译.docx
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口译.docx
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口译
Soundspiritofteamwork
Agoodinterpretermustnotonlyhavetopabilitytofulfillthejob,buthavecooperationwithothercolleagues.Theteamspiritisalsoanessentialfactorfortheinterpreters.Especially,forsimultaneousinterpreters,theyusuallyworkinateamoftwoorthreeinterpreters,eachoneworksforabouttwentyminutesandthentransferstoanother.Besidesthegoodindividualquality,theinterpreterneedsgoodspiritofteamwork.Eachinterpretershouldfindhispositionandactaccordingtohispersonalcharacteristicsandknowledgetobalancethestrongandweakpointsofeachother;interpretersshouldsavetimeandraiseefficiencybycooperationandexchange;interpretersinbreakshouldassisttheinterpreterondutytowritenote,lookuptomaterials,eliminateinterferenceandsupervisedevices.Inoneword,simultaneousinterpretersmustcooperatewitheachotherforgreatunderstandingandsupport.
Goodprofessionalethics
Agoodinterpreterneedtokeeptheprofessionalmorality,suchaskeepingsecrets,keepingneutrality,interpretingaccurately,etc.Interpretersshouldnotmakecommentstothespeakerandshouldnottaketaskbeyondhisabilityeventhepaymentisveryhigh.Oncetheinterpretertakesatask,heshouldfulfillitpromptlyandguaranteethequality.Awell-trainedinterpretermustmakefullypreparationandgetfamiliartorelateddocumentsanditemstomakesurethewholeinterpretationwillgoonsmoothlyandaccurately.Forexample,conferencesoftheUnitedUnionandglobal
regionalconferences,suchasConferenceofAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation(APEC),10plus3Summit,WorkingPartyMeetingonChina’sAccessiontotheWTO,allneedveryspecificwordsanditems,suchasMIGA-MultilateralInvestmentGuaranteeAgency,OECD-OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,TILF-TradeandInvestmentLiberalizationandFacilitation,EMM-EconomicMinister’sMeeting.Theinterpretermustbefamiliartothosespecificwordsanditems
beforehandtomakesurethewholeinterpretingprocessgoonsmoothly.
Soundspiritofteamwork
Forsimultaneousinterpreters,theyusuallyworkinateamoftwoorthreeinterpreters,eachoneworksforabouttwentyminutesandthentransferstoanother.Besidesthegoodindividualquality,theinterpreterneedsgoodspiritofteamwork.Eachinterpretershouldfindhispositionandactaccordingtohispersonalcharacteristicsandknowledgetobalancethestrongandweakpointsofeachother;interpretersshouldsavetimeandraiseefficiencybycooperationandexchange;interpretersinbreakshouldassisttheinterpreterondutytowritenote,lookuptomaterials,eliminateinterferenceandsupervisedevices.Inoneword,simultaneousinterpretersmustcooperatewitheachotherforgreatunderstandingandsupport.
例如,联合国会议和全球化
地区性会议,如会议的亚太经济合作组织(APEC),10+3会议上,工作组会议在中国加入WTO后,都需要非常特殊的单词和物品,例如MIGA-Multilateral投资担保机构,OECD-Organization经济合作与发展组织,TILF-Trade和投资自由化、便利化,EMM-Economic部长会议。
口译人员必须熟悉的那些特定的词和物品
预先确定整个口译过程中顺利进行。
Astrongsenseofresponsibility
Interpretationisansublimecareer.Highpersonalaccomplishmentsareessentialtotheinterpretation.Andoneofthemostimportantisresponsibility.Soaninterpretermusthaveastrongsenseofdutyandresponsibility.Itmeansthatheshouldbeconscientiousintheprocessofinterpretingunderthecontrolofprofessionalethicsanddoingpre-conferencepreparations.What’smore,theinterpreterneedstotryhisbesttoproducethebestrenditionasaccurateandsmoothaspossiblewhenconstrainedbythelimitedtimeathisdisposalininterpreting.Inaddition,aninterpretercanneverbeself-sufficient.Heshouldstrivetoimproveallaspectsofcompetencebyhimselforthroughsomekindsoftraining,whichisanever-endingprocess.Theinterpretershouldberesponsibletothespeakerandthelistenerinordertoreachaneffectivecommunicationinthecourseofcommunication.
3.1.2Abundantinterpretationknowledge
Thebasicofinterpretingisthattheinterpreterhasagreatdealofknowledge,Soinsufficientknowledgeofthesubjectwhilespeakinginvolvedusuallypreventstheinterpreterfromgraspingthemeaningbehindthespeakers’wordsandbecomesaseriousstumblingblockintheprocessofinterpreting.Mostoftheproblemsofinterpretingareduetotheunfamiliaritywiththespecializedlanguageusedastoalackofthesubjectknowledge.Itisnecessarythatanexcellentinterpretershouldknowaboutsomeknowledgeinvariousfields,whichissufficenttocomprehendthespeaker.Therefore,themoretheinterpreter’sknowledgeis,themorepreciselyunderstandingoccurs,andmorecomprehensiveandgracefultherenditionis.Themoreexperiencedaninterpreterisinthementalexerciseofanalysis,themorequicklyheabsorbsthekindofinformationwhichwillassisthistast.Inshort,abundantinterpretationknowledgeisanindispensablequalityofaninterpreteronpersonalaccomplishemnts.
3.2Highprofessionalqualities
knowledge,justasJeanHerbertsaid:
“Heshouldknowsomethingofeverythingand
everythingofsomething.”
Finally,communicationisbothverbalandnonverbal.Whenbothsidesofthe
communicationareonthespot,interpreterscanusesomenonverbalwayssuchasgesture,
posture,eyecontactorcountenancetoassistantinterpretation.Nonverbalcommunication,
inabroadsense,includeseverythingusedtocommunicateotherthanwords.Interpreting
isaninterculturalcommunicationactivity.Nonverbalcommunicationisinvolvedandplays
animportantroleininterpreting,whichrequirestheinterpreter’sattention.Whendoing
interpreting,interoperatesconveytheirmeaningmorethantheactualwordsused.
Interpretersraiseorlowertheirvoice,shrugtheirshoulders,winktheireyes,shaketheir
heads,whichallsendmessagestowhoeverperceivesthem.Thatistosayinterpreters
speakwith,inadditiontotheirmouths,theirheads,eyes,hands,andsometimesevenlegs
andfeet.
Themaintaskofinterpreteristoaccuratelytransferwhatspeakersaidtolistenerin
ordertoletspeakerandlistenercommunicatewitheachothereffectively.Theinterpreter
worksinanenvironmentwiththespeakerandlistenertogether.Soaninterpretershould
performa“quick,accurateandsmooth”interpretation
Interpretationisaverytechnicaljob,andhasthree
characteristics:
theyaretemporary,momentaryandinteractive.Andthesecharacteristics
areembodiedmainlybyfouraspects:
Firstly,timeforinterpretingislimited,sointerpretersshoulddorapidlyonspotand
musttaketheeffect.Itisalwayssaid:
thespeedyoudointerpretationis30timesquickly
thantranslation.Whenduringtheinterpreting,thereislittletimetochoosewordsordo
phraseology,noraskinghelpfromdictionariesorreferencebooks.Theinterpretersshould
begoodatconvertingthesourcelanguageintotargetlanguageonaveryshorttime.Inthis
way,theinterpretersmustbegoodatthinking,havinggoodmemory,masteringbetter
listeningandexpressionskills,calmnessandquickresponse.
Secondly,expressionofinterpretersisveryflexible.Interpretersshouldunderstand
thesourcesentences,butnotjustremembereverywordthespeakerssaid.Interpretersmust
graspthemainpointofwhatthespeakerssaid.Afterthat,theinterpretershouldtransfer
thelanguagerapidly,inlinewiththesourcelanguageandcombinethetargetlanguage.The
interpreteralwayschoosessimpleandeasywordsandusesshortsentencetoavoidthe
predicament
Thirdly,widecontactisanothercharacteristicofinterpretation.Whendoing
interpretation,interpretersoftencomeacrosseveryaspectofboardknowledgeand
informationandalsoarefamiliarwiththemajorprincipalsandpoliciesathomeandabroad
thepositionandattitudestowardsinternationalissuesandalsohavearichprofessional
2.1.1DefinitionofInterpretation
Themost“standard”definitionofinterpretationwasputforwardbyIngram(1985):
“a
processwherebymessagesencodedasdiscourseinonenaturallanguagearerecodedas
discourseinanothernaturallanguage”.Apparently,thisisahighlyuniversalbuttoo
abstractdescriptionofinterpretation.Formostpeople’s“commonsense”andinmostof
theliterature,“interpretation”,or“oraltranslation”referstothetranslationfromone
languagetoanotherbyamultilingual,whereboththesourcelanguageandthetarget
languagearecarriedbysoundinsteadofvisiblemedia.Interpretationcanbecategorizedin
lotsofwaysinaccordancewithvariouscriteria,andprimarily,itconsistsofthreemajor
typesonthebasisoftheworkingmanners:
simultaneousinterpretation,consecutive
interpretationandliaisoninterpretation.Inasimultaneousinterpretation,thespeakerkeeps
talkingfromthebeginningtotheendofthespeechwithoutbeinginterrupted,andthe
interpreterstartstranslatingthespeechjustafewwordslaterthanthespeaker,andkeeps
translatingaslongasthespeechisgoingon.Inaconsecutiveinterpretation,thespeaker
keepstalkinginthesourcelanguagebutforacertaintime,usuallyfinishingasentenceora
paragraph,andstops;thentheinterpreterstartstotelltheaudienceinthetargetlanguage
whatthespeakerhasjustsaid,withreferencetothenoteheorshehastakenjustnow.The
interpretationmaybeonlyfromonelanguagetotheother,orinbothways,andthelatteris
theliaisoninterpretation,or“alternatinginterpretation”,whichcanbeseenasconsecutive
interpretationbetweentwolanguages.Therespectivecharacteristicsofthesethreetypesof
interpretationdecidethattheyaresuitablefordifferentsituationswithspecialized
requirements.Thesimultaneousinterpretationiscommoninformalinternational
conferences
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