考研英语二真题与答案.docx
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考研英语二真题与答案.docx
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考研英语二真题与答案
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(二)
及答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark
A,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?
Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,
accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill2__tosatisfytheircuriosityeven
whenitiscleartheanswerwill3._
Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicago
BoothSchoolofBusinessandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto4hemselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfy
curiosity.Forone5_eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthatthe
researcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?
Halfofthepenswould6_anelectricshockwhenclicked.
Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswererigged;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.7leftaloneintheroom,thestudents
whodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmorejoltsthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperiments
replicatedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsona
chalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.
Thedriveto10一isdeeplyingrainedinhumans,muchthesameasthe
basicdrives11—orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago,a
co-authorofthepaper.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstin—itcan12
newscientificadvances,forinstanc—butsometimessuch_13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14things-isa
profoundone.
Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,
participantswhowereencouragedto16how-theywouldfeelafterviewingan
unpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17to-seesuchanimage.Theseresults
suggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftime
canhelpdetermine19itis-worththeendeavor.—Thinkingabout
long-term20iskeytomitigatingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,
Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.
1.A.ignore
B.protect
C.discuss
D.resolve
2.A.refuse
B.seek
C.wait
D.regret3.
A.rise
B.last
C.hurt
D.mislead
4.A.alert
B.expose
C.tie
D.treat
5.A.trial
B.message
C.review
D.concept
6.A.remove
B.deliver
C.weaken
D.interrupt
7.A.Unless
B.If
C.When
D.Though
8.A.change
B.continue
C.disappear
D.happen
9.A.suchas
B.ratherthan
C.regardlessof
D.owingto
10.A.disagree
B.forgive
C.discover
D.forget
11.A.pay
B.food
C.marriage
D.schooling
12.A.beginwith
B.reston
C.leadto
D.learnfrom
13.A.inquiry
B.withdrawal
C.persistence
D.diligence
14.A.self-deceptive
B.self-reliant
C.self-evident
D.self-destructive
15.A.trace
B.define
C.replace
D.resist
16.A.conceal
B.overlook
C.design
D.predict
17.A.choose
B.remember
C.promise
D.pretend
18.A.relief
B.outcome
C.plan
D.duty
19.A.how
B.why
C.where
D.whether
20.A.limitations
B.investments
C.consequences
D.strategies
SectionnReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosing
[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.
Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandrotememorization,butpractical,reportsstaffwriterStacyTeicherKhadaroointhisweekcoverstory.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeableto
namethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlybamboozledbyabustedbikechain?
AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.
Buthe'aslsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsis
seenasalmostamark
ofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation
hesays.
——havethatstereotypet.h..atit'sforkidswhocan'tmakeitacademically,
Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica'sevolution.
Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.Thejobsecuritythatthe
USeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewmantra.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.
Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor
sdegr
sndfotrhaelsubtled-evaluing
heosnnlyothtingtheAmerican
ofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:
Thateconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor'sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percent
andhigh-skill
ofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljob,suchasconstructionmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.
Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonits
politicalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,but
theworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren'tequippedtodothemKoziatek's
ManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.
Koziatek'sschooliswake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation'sdiversityofgifts.
3.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudent'slackof.
A.academictraining
B.practicalability
C.pioneeringspirit
D.mechanicalmemorizetion
4.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.
A.haveastereotypedmind
B.havenocareermotivation
C.arefinanciallydisadvantaged
D.arenotacademicallysuccessful
5.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.
A.usedtohavemorejobopportunities
B.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns
C.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges
D.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing
6.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.
A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-classjobs
B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs
C.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation
D.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedwirkforce
B.cautious
C.supportive
D.disappointed
Text2
Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld'esnergysupply,it'cslearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewableispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:
Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.
Somegrowthstemfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisaboutthe
plummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.
Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.
InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95
percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.
PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels-especiallycoal-asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestateelesctricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.
Thequestion——whathappenswhenthewinddoesn'btloworthesundoesn'stshine?
hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.
Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.
Whilethere'salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingu-pperhapsjustintimeto
haveameaningfuleffectinshowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes-ordoesn'dto—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.
8.Theword—plummetingII(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.
A.stabilizing
B.changing
C.falling
D.rising
9.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica
A.isprogressingnotably
B.isasextensiveasinEurope
C.facesmanychallenges
D.hasprovedtobeimpractical
10.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.
A.windisawidelyusedenergysource.B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels
C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply
11.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?
A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.
B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.
C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.
D.
Itssustainableex
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