高考英语It的用法.docx
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高考英语It的用法.docx
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高考英语It的用法
It的用法(专项总结及训练)
一、人称代词
1,it的最基本用法是作代词,主要指刚提到的事物,以避免重复:
①Theywatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.
2.,也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
②Isthisyourdog?
No,itisn’t.
③Theygotababyanditwasaten-pounder
3.,也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:
③Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwithafullmouth..
二、.非人称代词
有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等:
⑴.指天气:
Itisalovelyday,isn’t it?
⑵.指时间:
Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.
⑶.指日期:
ItisAprilFirsttoday.
⑷.指距离:
Itissome3000kilometersfromBeijingtoGuangzhou.
⑸.指价值:
Itisthreedollars.
⑹.指温度:
Todayitis30degreescentigrade.
三、其他用法
1.在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语,表示谁在做某事:
①Whoisitthere?
It'sI(me/you/he.....).
②IthoughtitwasMary,butitwasnotshe.
③Herface lightedwhenshesawwhoitwas.
2.泛泛的指某件事:
(有时泛指一般情况)
①Itdoesn’tmatter.
②Itisashame,isn’t it?
③Howisitgoing?
(情况怎样)
④Itsaysinthenewspaperthat......
用在一些词组中,it没有特别的意思
Thelasttrain'sgone.Comeon,we'llfootit.(来,咱们步行吧。
)
四、作形式主语,替代主语从句,动词不定式,或动名词短语:
1.作形式主语替代主语从句
⑴Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....)that从句常译为"┅清楚的(显然的,真的,可能的,肯定的...)"
Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.
=That he’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.
⑵Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural...)that从句常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅).that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省去,建议记住该句型中的形容词。
①Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.
②Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.
⑶Itissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that从句常译为"据说(据报道,据悉...)"。
①ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.
②Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.
⑷Itissuggested(advised/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that从句.that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省;常译为"据建议;有命令...)
①Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
②Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.
⑸Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that从句(虚拟语气:
动词用过去时did)
1Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.
2Itistimeyouboughtanewcar.
3Itis(high)timeyoumadeupyourmind.
⑹Itisthefirst(second...)timethat从句(从句用现在完成时havedone)
Itwasthefirst(second...)timethat从句(从句用过去完成时haddone)
常译为"是第一
(二)...次..."。
ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere
⑺Itisapity(ashame/anhonour/agoodthing/afact,/asurprise/...)that从句.
that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可省去.表示出乎意料,常译为"竟然"。
没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。
①Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!
②Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了,真遗憾!
⑻Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that从句.常译为“碰巧…,似乎是…,看起来…”
①Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧...
②Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来...
2.作形式主语替代不定式
.⑴Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。
常见的词有:
bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice(有教养的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong(错误的)等。
这个句型可以改写为:
sb.iskindtodosth.。
如:
Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.
⑵Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth..不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的中性形容词。
常见的形容词有:
important,necessary,naturaleasy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant
如:
Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.
⑶Ittakessb....todosth.常译为"做...要花费某人..."。
如:
IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.
3.作形式主语替代动名词短语
Itisnogood/nouse/uselessdoingsth.常译为“┅有好处或没有用”
①ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.
②It'suselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.
五、作形式宾语,代替不定式,动名词短语或宾语从句。
Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.
该句型中的it作形式宾语,该结构中常用的动词有:
think,believe,make,findconsider,feel;如:
Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.
HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.
Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.
TheInternetmakesiteasierforcompaniestokeepintouchwithcustomers.
六、.it的重要句型
1.强调句型:
Itis/was +被强调部分+that从句(被强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用)
①Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
②Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.
③ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.
④ItwasyesterdaythatImetherinthestreet.
⑤Itisyouthat/whoarewrong.
特例:
Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...该句型也是强调句型。
主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语"直到...才...",可以说是not...until...的强调形式。
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.
=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.
=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
Choosethebestanswer
took us over an hour _______ along the street.
walk
think it a great honour _______to visit your country.
invite invited be invited
people now make _______a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.
4. _______is very clear to everyone that he's round and tall like a tree.
the United States, bus travel doesn't cost much as train travel, _______?
't they it they 't it
is at the door, who is _______?
7.—It is raining cats and dogs.
— _______ .
it is is it it is is it
8.—My home is in that tall building over there.
—_______ ?
it see see it be seen it it be seen
9. _______ raining hard for 3 hours without stopping.
is was has been had been
10.—Has the boy got his bicycle now?
—Yes, the police gave _______.
to him to it
to him to it
's no use _____ over spilt milk.
you cry you to cry
is important _______ their offer.
reject
_______been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting?
14.—Did Li Lei call me while I was out?
—Yes, it was _______ that called you.
is wrong with the radio _______?
't it that it 't that
don't know _______makes her afraid of having her business discussed.
it is about Mary that is it abut Mary what
is it about Mary that is about Mary what
17..It was withgreat joy _______he received the news that his long lost son would return home
don't think _____difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years
's the second time you _______late this week.
arrived arrived
will not be _______we meet again.
before long after after
's demanded that we _______there on foot.
to go 't go go 't go
22.“It” is often used to _______a baby.
to to to to
was not until 1936 _______ basketball became a regular part of the Olympic Games.
24. _______you met the Englishman?
it was that it was that was it that was that
she has gone to the United States?
it true it true is true was true
26. _______certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
's is 's 's
27. _______in 1914 _______the First World War broke out?
that, that that, when
it. that it, when
is important that she _______with Mr Williams immediately.
speak speak
there′s another good harvest this year.
says is said was said was said
is the first time _______the play.
've watched 'll watch watch would watch
参考答案
B
15C
it用法完全归纳
一、it作人称代词的用法
1.指事物
作为人称代词,it可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。
如:
Idroppedmywatchanditbroke.我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
It’shardwork,butIenjoyit.工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干。
“Whereisthedog?
”“It’sinthebedroom.”“狗在哪?
”“在卧室里”。
2.指人
it指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。
如:
Isitaboyoragirl?
是男孩还是女孩?
Thereisaknockonthedoor.Itmustbethepostman.有人在敲门,一定是邮递员。
【说明】在答语中,常用来指本人,如说It’sme。
3.代替某些代词
代词it还可用于代替指示代词this,that以及复合不定代词something,anything,nothing等。
如:
“What’sthis?
”“It’sanewmachine.”“这是什么?
”“是一种新机器”。
Nothingiswrong,isit?
没出什么问题,是吗?
二、it作非人称代词的用法
1.基本用法
it作非人称代词的用法,主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。
如:
It’stoolatetogotherenow.现在去那儿已经太迟了。
Itrainedalldayyesterday.昨天下了一天的雨。
Itcangetveryhothere.这里有时会很热。
2.用于某些句型
It’stimeforsth.该做某事了。
It’stimetodosth.该做某事的时候了。
It’stimeforsbtodosth.某人该干某事了。
It’s(about/high)time+that-从句.某人该做某事了。
(从句谓语用过去式,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It’sfirst(second)time+that-从句.某人第几次干某事。
(从句谓语用现在完成时)
It’s+时间段+since-从句.自从……有一段时间了。
It’s+时间段+before-从句.过多长的时间才……
三、it用作形式主语
1.基本用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时,为保持句子平衡,通常把真正的主语放在句末,而在句首使用形式主语it。
如:
It’sveryimportanttorememberthis.记住这一点很重要。
It’shardworkclimbingmountains.爬山是费劲的事。
It’sunknownwhenhewillcome.他什么时候来还不知道。
2.用作形式主语的的重要句型
(1)It+be+adj.for(of)sbtodosth某人做某事……
Itishardforhimtomakeuphismind.他很难下定决心。
Itwasfoolishofhertosaysuchathing.她说那样的话,真是太蠢了。
【说明】介词of与for的区别是:
of用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等,介词for表示对象,意为“对……来说”(from。
(2)Ittakessb+时间段+todosth.某人做某事花了……时间
Ittakesyearstomasteranewlanguage.要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。
【说明】此句型可以有以下多变种变体:
Ittookmeanhourtowritetheletter.=Thelettertookmeanhour(towrite).=Itookanhourtowritetheletter.我写这封信花了一个小时。
3)Itisuptosbtodosth.该由某人做某事
It’suptoyoutotomakethechoice.得由你来作选择。
(4)itlook(seem,appear,happen,occur)that[asif]…似乎……
Itseemedasthoughhedidn’trecognizeme.他似乎没认出我来。
IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.他打电话时我碰巧不在家。
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