高中英语情态动词考点精讲.docx
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高中英语情态动词考点精讲.docx
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高中英语情态动词考点精讲
高中英语语法精讲
情态动词
情态动词的用法
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
但不能单独作谓语动词用,必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。
只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用,在句中作谓语用。
将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式,在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。
现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下:
1、can和could(could为can的过去式)的基本用法
(1)表示能力,如:
HecanspeakEnglishbetterthanyou.
(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,【HOTtestingpoint】
如:
CanthisgreenbikebeLiuDong's?
(3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:
Youcan(may)gohomenow.
(4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:
Couldyoucomeagaintomorrow?
2、may和might(might为may的过去式)的基本用法
(1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,如:
Youmayusemydictionary.
在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或maynot,以避免语气生硬或不容气。
而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。
如:
----MayIusethisdictionary?
–
---Yes,please.或----Certainly.
在请求对方许可时,如果MightI…?
就比用MayI…?
语气更婉转些,如:
MayIhavealookatyournewcomputer?
但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用mustnot代替maynot,
如:
----Mayweswiminthislake?
----No,youmustn’t.It’stoodangerous.
(2)may或might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定,如:
Theymay(might)beinthelibrarynow.
3、must的基本用法
(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式mustnot,缩写形式为mustn't,表示“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意,如:
Wemuststudyhardandmakeprogresseveryday.Youmustn'ttouchthefire.
(2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用needn't或用don't(doesn't)haveto(不必)来回答,而不用mustn't,因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意,
如:
----Mustwefinishtheworktomorrow?
----No,youneedn't(don'thaveto),butyoumustfinish itinthreedays.
(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之意,【HOTtestingpoint】
如:
----Whosenewbikecanitbe?
----ItmustbeLiuDong's.Iknowhisfatherhasjustboughthimanewone.
4、can,could,may,must后接完成式的用法
(1)can,could后接完成式的用法:
can/couldhavedone
1在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度,Couldhehavesaidso?
②在肯定句中,可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。
如:
----Whendidyouanswerherletter?
----Onlyyesterday.
----It'stoolate.Youcouldhaveanswereditearlier,Iamsure.
(2)may,might后接完成式的用法may/mighthavedone
①表示对过去某事的推测,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。
如果使用might,语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定,如:
MarymighthavelearnedsomeChinesebefore.
②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实际没有做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气,如:
Youdidn'tdotheworkwellthatday.Youmighthavedoneitbetter.
(3)must后接完成式的用法:
musthavedone
表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到了,如:
LiuDongisn’tintheclassroom.Hemusthavegonetothelibrary.
5、haveto的基本用法:
haveto和must的意义相近,只是must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而haveto则表示客观需要,如:
Imuststudyhard.Ihadtogiveitupbecauseofillness.
6、oughtto的基本用法
(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,语气比should强,例如:
Everyoneoughttoobeythetrafficregulations.
(2)表示推测,注意与must表示推测时的区别:
Hemustbehomebynow.(断定他已到家),
Heoughttobehomebynow.(不十分肯定),
Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(比较直率),
Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.(比较含蓄);
(3)“ought+have+过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
例如:
Yououghttohavehelpedhim.(butyoudidn’t)
这时,ought与should可以互相换用。
注意,在美国英语中oughtto用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。
例如:
Oughtyousmokesomuch?
Yououghtn’tsmokesomuch.
7、dare的基本用法【HOTtestingpoint】
(l)dare(dared为其过去式)作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中,如:
Daredhebreadthetrafficregulationsagain?
(2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如:
Shedarestostayathomealoneatnight.
1.How___usefreedomswiththiselderlygentleman?
AdoyoudareB.yourdareC.dareyouD.dareyouto
2.Theboyissoyoungthathe___comeoutatnightbyhimself
AdaresnotBdoesn'tdareCdaresnotDdidn'tdareto
8、need的基本用法【HOTtestingpoint】
(1)need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:
Heneedn'tworryaboutusnow.
(2)need也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词不定式为其宾语。
如:
Youneedtopractisereadingaloudeveryday.
需要特殊说明的是,如果主语是人,多数用sb.needtodosth.;如果主语是物,need经常用动名词的主动表被动
如:
这个自行车需要修理了。
翻译_______________________________________
(3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情,如:
----Didyouanswertheletteryesterday?
----Yes,Idid.
----Butyouneedn’thaveansweredit.
1.You_____angrywithher,forsheistooyoung.
A.neednottobeB.donotneedtoC.neednotbeD.neednot
2.Iwanttogotothedoctor,butyou____withme.
A.neednottogoB.donotneedgoC.neednotgoD.needgonot
3.Everyoneofus___asimplelife.
AneedsliveBneedslivingCneedstoliveDneedsliving
9、shall的基本用法【HOTtestingpoint】
(1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第二、三人称,表示说活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意,如:
Heshallgofirst,whetherhewantstoornot.
(2)在疑问句中,shall用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示,如:
ShallIopenthedoor?
(3)用在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,一般用于第三人称,意为‘应,必须’
Intrudersshallbepunished.非法闯入者将遭处罚
10、should的基本用法【HOTtestingpoint】
(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意,如:
Youshouldlearnfromeachother.
(2)表示现在或将来的责任或者义务,‘应该’,‘应当’如:
Youshouldcompleteyourtestintime.
(3)表示意外、惊喜,尤其在以why,who,how等开头的修辞疑问句或感叹句中,意为‘竟然,居然’
Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?
(4)should后接完成式.shouldhavedone表示过去本应该做某事,实际上没做,或是shouldn’thavedon过去本不应该做某事,实际上做了。
如:
Youshouldhavegivehimmorehelp.
(5)用在suggest(propose),arrange,plan,decide,,advise,order,demand,request,desire,insist等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“决定”、“安排”、“计划”、“主张”的动词后面接的宾语从句中。
这里的should也可以省略。
例如:
Hesuggested/proposed/demanded/advisedthatthey(should)readtherulescarefully.
11、will的基本用法
(1)用于各人称,可以表示“意志”或“决心”,
如:
Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthewillnotlisten.
(2)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿,
如:
WillyoupleasetellmehowtogettotheCapitalGymnasium?
(3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“会要”之意,
如:
Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.
12、would的基本用法
(1)would作为will的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”,
如:
Hepromisedhewouldneversmokeagain.
(2)在疑问句中,用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时,比用will的气更加婉转,如:
Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?
(3)在日常生活中,学用“Iwouldliketo…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意,以使语气婉转,
如:
IwouldliketodoEx.2first.
(4)would可以表示过去的习惯动作,比usedto正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
【HOTtestingpoint】
如:
LastyearourEnglishteacherwouldsometimestellusstoriesinEnglishafterclass./Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek.
(5)表料想或猜想,如:
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome./Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
/Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouaboutit.
13、usedto,hadbetter,wouldrather的用法
(1)usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变,
例如:
Hetoldusheusedtoplayfootballwhenhewasyoung.
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式。
疑问句:
Didyouuseto/Usedyoutogotothesameschoolasyourbrother?
否定句:
Iusedn’tto/didn’tusetogothere.(usedn’t也可写作usen’t);
否定疑问句:
Usedn’tyouto/Didn’tyouusetobeinterestedinthetheatre?
强调句:
Icertainlyusedto/didusetosmoke,butitwasalongtimeago.;
其反意疑问句或简略回答中,也有两种形式:
Sheusedtobeveryfat.didn’tshe?
/use(d)n’tshe?
Didyouusetoplaychess?
Yes,Idid./
Usedyoutogetupearlyinthemorning?
Yes,Idid./usedto.
(2)hadbetter意为“最好”,后接不带to的不定式,
例如:
----Wehadbettergonow.
----Yes,wehad(we'dbetter/wehadbetter)./Hadn’twebetterstopnow?
(Hadwebetternotstopnow?
)/IthinkI’dbetterbegoing.(用于进行时态,表“最好立即”)/Youhadbetterhavedonethat(用于完成时态,表未完成动作)注:
hadbetter用于同辈或小辈,对长辈不可用。
(3)wouldrather意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带to的不定式,
例如:
I’drathernotsayanything./Wouldyouratherworkonafarm?
----Wouldn’tyouratherstayhere?
----No,Iwouldnot.I’drathergothere.
由于wouldrather表选择,因而后可接than,wouldratherdo…thandosth.
例如:
Iwouldratherworkonafarmthaninafactory.
IwouldratherwatchTVthangotoseethefilm
Iwouldratherloseadozencherrytreesthanthatyoushouldtellmeonelie.
I’dratheryoudidn’ttalkaboutthistoanyone.(句中的'drather不是情态动词,would在此是表愿望的实义动词)。
情态动词专项练习
1.I thought you like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
2. You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn't to come B. don't need comeC. don't need coming D. needn't come
3. He you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might giveC. may have given D. may give
4.─ I help you with some shoes, madam?
─ Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones.
A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must
5. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us.
A. had B. had to C. must D. might
6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I it at home.
A. left B. have left C. might have left D. could have left
7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.
A. could have fallen B. should have fallenC. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen
8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school.
A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to
9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me.
A. need not B. must not C. need D. must
10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion.
A. can B. could C. should D. would
11. What we get seems better than what we have.
A. can B. could C. can't D. Couldn’t
12.─My goodness!
I've just missed the train.
─That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried.
A. could have caught B. had caughtC. would catch D. could catch
13. Look!
What you've done!
You more careful.
A. may be B. had toC. should have been D. would be
14. I repeat the question?
A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do
15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside!
A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are
16. You read that book if you don't want to.
A. haven't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.
A. won't; can't B. can't; shouldn'tC. shouldn't; must D. mustn't; may
18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. can D. should
19. ─ There were already 5 people in the car, but they manag
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